化粧用パフの使い心地に及ぼす毛の長さの影響

In this experimental study, the effects of pile length on abrasion resistance of chenille fabrics were investigated. In order to monitor the effect of pile length, we produced chenille yarn samples with different pile lengths of 0.7, 0.8, 1, 1.2 mm and wove them into upholstery fabric. Then, the fabric samples were subjected to the Martindale abrasion test for 20 000 rubbing motions. The specimens were also examined using a micro-projection device and data were evaluated using statistical methods. The results indicate that pile length is certainly an effective factor for the mass loss of chenille yarns. The mass loss rate (%) tends to increase as pile length increases. The lowest total mass loss rate (%) clearly occurred for the samples with 0.7 mm pile length as shortest. The removed pile fibers are not only pulled out from between lock yarns but are also broken.

While extensive references are present in the literature dealing with the correlation between subjective and objective evaluation of tooth shade, there is a lack of information on this correlation regarding the soft tissue color. The purpose of this experimental study was to verify whether a correlation between the objective and subjective evaluation exists in analyzing soft tissue color. A total of 39 patients with at least one implant-supported restoration in the anterior maxilla were included in the study. The shade of the peri-implant mucosa was compared with the shade of the gingiva at the adjacent tooth in a subjective and in an objective manner. The subjective evaluation was performed by five dental professionals (prosthodontist, periodontist, general dentist, dental hygienist, and dental assistant) in a subjective scale (ranging from 1 to 4). The objective evaluation was obtained by means of a spectrophotometer in a CIELAB* Color Scale, and the differences were evaluated through formula ΔE=[(ΔL)²+(Δa)²+(Δb)²]¹/². To correlate the subjective and the objective evaluation, for each arithmetical median value of the subjective evaluation, a mean value of objective evaluation has been calculated, and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient has been used. The differences have been also analyzed for thin and thick tissue biotypes. The mean ∆E value for the subjective evaluation between peri-implant soft tissue and adjacent tooth gingival tissue was ∆E = 9.74. Also, mean ∆E values of 10.35 and 7.54 have been reported for thin and thick biotypes, respectively. Mean values of ∆E = 6.63, 8.54, and 15.54 were presented by median values of 1 (perfect matching), 2 (good matching), and 3 (clinically distinguishable), respectively. The threshold for the distinction of differences of mucosal color by the human eyes between perfect or good matching and distinguishable values has been calculated in ∆E = 8.74. Within the limitation of this study, a correlation between the subjective and the objective evaluation of the peri-implant soft tissue exists and the threshold for the distinction of mucosal color differences between perfect or good matching and distinguishable subjective values has been calculated in ∆E = 8.74 in the objective evaluation.

Simple SummaryOral cancer has a high mortality rate. Then, oral cancer screening is needed for early detection and treatment. Fluorescence visualization is non-invasive, convenient, and in real-time, and examinations can be repeated. Our study aimed to show the usefulness of oral cancer screening with fluorescence visualization. A total of 502 patients were performed using fluorescence visualization that was analyzed using subjective and objective evaluation. Results of this study, subjective evaluation for detection oral cancer was high sensitivity and low specificity, while objective evaluation using imaging processing analysis was high sensitivity and high specificity. Therefore, oral cancer screening using fluorescence visualization is useful for the detection of oral cancer. The widespread use of this screening can reduce the mortality rate of oral cancer.Background: Oral cancer screening is important for early detection and early treatment, which help improve survival rates. Biopsy is the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis but is invasive and painful, while fluorescence visualization is non-invasive, convenient, and real-time, and examinations can be repeated using optical instruments. The purpose of this study was to clarify the usefulness of fluorescence visualization in oral cancer screening. Methods: A total of 502 patients, who were examined using fluorescence visualization with optical instruments in our hospitals between 2014 and 2019, were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was performed by pathological examination. Fluorescence visualization was analyzed using subjective and objective evaluations. Results: Subjective evaluations for detecting oral cancer offered 96.8% sensitivity and 48.4% specificity. Regarding the objective evaluations, sensitivity and specificity were 43.7% and 84.6% for mean green value, 55.2% and 67.0% for median green value, 82.0% and 44.2% for coefficient of variation of value, 59.6% and 45.3% for skewness, and 85.1% and 75.8% for value ratio. For the sub-analysis of oral cancer, all factors on objective and subjective evaluation showed no significant difference. Conclusions: Fluorescence visualization with subjective and objective evaluation is useful for oral cancer screening.

The gear whine sound of an axle system is one of the most important sound qualities in a sports utility vehicle (SUV). Previous work has shown that, because of masking effects, it is difficult to evaluate the gear whine sound objectively by using only the A-weighted sound pressure level. In this paper, the characteristics of the axle-gear whine sound were first investigated on the basis of synthetic sound technology, and a new objective evaluation method for this sound was developed by using sound metrics, which are the psychoacoustic parameters, and the artificial neural network (ANN) used for the modelling of the correlation between objective and subjective evaluation. This model developed by using ANN was applied to the objective evaluation of the axle-gear whine sound for real SUVs and the output of the model was compared with subjective evaluation. The results indicate a good correlation of over 90 per cent between the subjective and objective evaluations.

Correlation analysis of subjective and objective evaluation for automobile sound quality is an important topic in automobile technology fields. Considering the theoretical characteristics of grey system method and neural network theory, grey relational analysis was applied to analyse the contributions of the variables of objective evaluation to subjective evaluation using the existing subjective and objective evaluation data of automobile horn sound quality. Then the main objective variables affecting the subjective feeling were determined, which include sound pressure level, A-weighted sound pressure level and sharpness. Back-propagation neural network model was designed and established as a quantitative expression between subjective and objective evaluation data. The simulation results of neural network model accorded with the original value of the subjective evaluation data very well, which illustrated the reliability of this method.

Buckling loads of fully embedded vertical piles

In order to study the influence of design factors of capped pipe pile composite foundation on differential settlement of expressways, using a geotechnical centrifugal model test platform, a centrifugal model of widen roadbed has been constructed. The effects of pile length, pile spacing, pile cap and cushion thickness on differential settlement were analyzed through comparative experiments. The test results show that increasing the pile length, pile cap size and cushion thickness can effectively control the differential settlement between old and new embankments. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of composite foundations with capped pipe piles.

Several studies on axial pile capacity in clays have shown that the average frictional resistance, expressed as a fraction of the average undrained shear strength or average effective overburden pressure, decreases with increasing pile penetration. Procedures to compute shaft friction are reviewed, and the effect of pile length on the development of shaft friction on piles in clay is examined in terms of the relative pile-soil stiffness and lateral pile movements during installation. Correlations are developed to relate shaft friction coefficients α,β,λ, to pile length, relative pile-soil stiffness, and soil stress history. Procedures are recommended to compute the friction capacity of piles in clay.

Stone column reinforced composite foundation of highway under static and seismic load is simulated by numerical method. Fist, calculation model was built up, and verified by in situ test. Then the whole construction process of highway stone column reinforced composite foundation is simulated, after 3 years of traffic load, a seismic load was imposed on bottom of the model. Calculation result show that: in construction and run time period, drainage effect of stone column is significant, when pile length reached to 12m, maximum pore pressure in middle of stone column reduced to about 4 kPa, when pile length reached to 10m, effect of pile length on settlement is small; composite foundation has smaller maximum horizontal displacement in stone column; surface and toe of embankment slope is apt to liquefy under seismic load, stone column can eliminate liquefaction potential to a certain extent, especially in composite foundation range.

As for the evaluation method of the motion picture compression, the International Telecommunication Union has issued some technical Recommendation. However, the tendency of the Recommendation doesn't penetrate into telemedicine field to perform a remote medical diagnosis. Roughly, there are two kinds of classification about the evaluation of motion picture compression, subject and objective evaluation. The subject evaluation that ITU recommended shall be performed only with the eyes of the users. In general, when motion picture compressed with the discrete consine transform, the stream of the picture is consisted by each frame with the different quality, such as I-picture, P-picture, and B-picture. The I-picture is coded with full image information and independent from other frames, and P and B picture has only information of the difference from the I-picture. Due to this combination of three kinds of pictures, we have to evacuate the motion picture with subjective methods. The authors intend to introduce ITUs four Recommendations such as Double-Stimulus Continuous Quality-Scale of ITU-R BT.500. Also, they explained the PSNR and J.144 as objective approach. The authors suggest that the distance between the display and the subject should be changed 2 H, 6 H units based on the actual environment of the clinical office. Finally, the authors expect the Japanese Telemedicine Association to create the picture library to perform its verification in each clinical filed and that makes great contribution to the compression technology and to the communication circuit management.

Driving comfort, which is mainly influenced by vibration and shock, is an essential factor to evaluate the performance of intelligent vehicles. The evaluation methods of driving comfort mainly contain subjective and objective evaluation. Subjective evaluation is time-consuming, expensive and sensitive to personal feelings. And objective evaluation is difficult to exactly define the relationship between objective parameters and driving comfort. In order to combine the advantages of subjective and objective evaluation, a neural network that adopt objective indicators as input and subjective ratings as output was established for evaluating driving comfort. First, a road test with about 9000 km was conducted and key parameters of vehicle status were recorded, as well as subjective ratings. Secondly, 25,165 segments were extracted from the naturalistic driving data. Then, total weighted root-mean-square accelerations of all segments were computed according to ISO 2631–1997 Standard. And the result shows that the comfort levels calculated by weighted root-mean-square accelerations cannot match the subjective ratings given by professional evaluators very well. Finally, a 20-128-256-256-128-6 BP neural network was established and trained. And the accuracy of evaluation based on neural network is better than evaluation based on weighted root-mean-square value. The result reveals that it is feasible to establish a neural network model based on collected naturalistic driving data to evaluate the driving comfort of vehicles.

Nasal obstruction is characterized by insufficient airflow and increased resistance in the nasal cavities, affecting patients’ quality of life and sleep. This study aims to compare the efficacy of medical and surgical treatment in patients with Nasal obstruction, using subjective evaluations (NOSE and VAS scales) and objective evaluations (active anterior rhinomanometry). This is an experimental and prospective longitudinal study conducted at the Hospital de Clínicas, Paraguay. Forty patients with Nasal obstruction were included, divided into medical treatment (nasal corticosteroids) and surgical treatment (turbinoplasty, septoplasty, or both) groups. Pre- and post-treatment evaluations were performed using the NOSE and VAS scales, and active anterior rhinomanometry. The sample included 52.5% men and 47.5% women, with an average age of 32.18±11.59 years. The main cause of Nasal obstruction was chronic rhinitis (62.5%). Treatments showed significant improvements in subjective and objective evaluations. In the medical group, VAS improved by 2.63 points in women and 2.00 in men, while the surgical group showed more pronounced improvements. The NOSE also showed significant reductions, especially in patients undergoing combined turbinoplasty and septoplasty. Active anterior rhinomanometry reflected an increase in overall nasal flow in all treated groups. Both medical and surgical treatments are effective in improving Nasal obstruction, with greater benefits observed in surgical treatments. Subjective and objective evaluations are valuable and complementary tools for assessing treatment in patients with Nasal obstruction. These results highlight the importance of a comprehensive evaluation in the management of Nasal obstruction.

Nurses are among high-risk occupational groups during the outbreak of epidemics. Therefore, these people are required to use personal protective equipment (PPE). Previous studies have shown that the use of personal protective equipment can affect people's thermal strain and mental workload. The present study was conducted with the aim of objectively and subjectively evaluating the use of protective clothing on the thermal strain and mental workload of nurses during the covid-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was divided into two groups with a sample size of 300 people who were selected by systematic random method. In the first group, 120 people were objectively evaluated (use of protective clothing). In the second group, 180 people only completed the questionnaire of mental workload, feeling of heat and sweating and other information related to the type of clothing and the duration of its use, etc. Measurements were done in August and September of 2021 and in the morning shift of hospitals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software and chi-square, independent T-test and linear regression tests. The average age and average working hours per month of the participants in the study were 33.51±7.88 years, 187.91±35.37 hours, respectively. The results showed that the predicted average vote (PMV) index and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD), moisture felt on the skin surface, the feeling of desirability and pleasantness of the temperature, the weight of sweat and the humidity inside the clothes between the two groups of people using insulated clothes There is a significant difference between medicine and dressing (P < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between mental workload and type of clothing, average working hours per month. The use of medical isolation clothes causes a high heat load on nurses and can increase their mental workload. On the other hand, people using normal gowns suffer from a high mental workload due to the fear of disease due to the uncertainty of high-level protection. In addition, medical isolation clothes increase the humidity of the skin due to their impermeability, which causes skin complications.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to first compare the clinical outcome of anatomical double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with hamstring tendon (HT) autografts and anatomical rectangular tunnel ACLR with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autografts. Secondly, we aimed to demonstrate the quantitative locations of the femoral and tibial tunnel apertures using postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT). Twenty-five patients underwent anatomical rectangular tunnel ACLR using BPTB grafts (Group B) and 23 patients underwent anatomical DB ACLR using HT grafts (Group H). All patients underwent subjective postoperative evaluations using the Lysholm score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Patients also underwent objective evaluations by the International Knee Documentation Committee score, the Lachman test, the pivot-shift test, and range of motion. In addition, we quantitatively assessed anterior knee stability using a KneeLax3 arthrometer and thigh strength. All evaluations except for thigh strength were assessed for a minimum 2 years of follow-up period. Femoral and tibial tunnel aperture locations were quantitatively evaluated postoperatively using 3D CT images in all patients. BPTB grafts showed significantly better anterior knee stability than HT grafts (0.1 mm versus 1.1 mm, p = 0.01), although there were no significant differences in other objective and all subjective evaluations between the two graft types. Morphometric analysis of femoral and tibial tunnel locations revealed that the two procedures were based on the same anatomical concept. In conclusion, BPTB grafts showed significantly better anterior knee stability than HT grafts, although no significant differences in other objective evaluations and all subjective evaluations were detected between the two graft types in anatomical ACLR. Additional 3D CT data validated the anatomical concepts of these two procedures.

The Net Impact of Training Measures from Active Labour Market Programs in Romania – Subjective and Objective Evaluation