Neural network based biometric personal identification with fast iris segmentation

The development of technology today has greatly influenced the development of science, one of which is in the recognition of iris patterns. When compared to fingerprints, the iris has the advantage of being protected by the eyelids and is more stable as the human age increases. The iris in human vision functions to regulate the size of the pupil and regulate the amount of light entering the eye. If observed more deeply the iris has unique characteristics of each individual. so that the iris can be used as a biometric mark for identification. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a tool to solve problems, especially in the field and iris pattern recognition. In general, Artificial Neural Network has a working principle that mimics the human neural network system, weighs the actions to be taken, and makes decisions like humans. Iris recognition can be used as an alternative if the introduction of fingerprints as a biometric identity fails. in this study, iris recognition uses the Dela Rule algorithm. The Delta Rule algorithm has the advantage of being able to check errors during the learning process. This will certainly make the Delta Rule algorithm have a high level of accuracy in iris pattern recognition.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008

A sole biometric identifier in construction an individual identification is often not able to meet the preferred performance requirements. Biometric identification pedestal on multiple biometrics correspond to an up-and-coming trend. computerized biometric scheme for person identification gauge a “signature” of the human body, compare the resulting characteristic to a database, and cause to be an request dependent decision. These biometric systems for personal authentication and identification are based upon physiological or behavioral features which are classically characteristic, even though point in time varying, such as Face recognition, Iris recognition, Fingerprint verification, Palm print verification in making a personal identification. Multi-biometric systems, which consolidate in sequence from multiple biometric sources, are in advance popularity since they are able to conquer limitations such as non-universality, noisy sensor data, large intra-user difference and vulnerability to spoof attacks that are commonly encountered in uni-biometric systems. In this paper, it addresses the concept issues and the applications strategies of multi-biometric systems.

This paper investigates the potential of surface electromyography (sEMG) as a new biometric modality and proposes a deep neural network architecture as the backbone of a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gesture-independent</i> personal identification system. The paper focuses on the real-world translation of such a model through systematic optimization, which finds the minimum number of gestures and sensors needed for training. Focusing on “dynamic sEMG”, our proposed method can successfully identify 40 subjects with an average accuracy of 97%. This is achieved when gestures are the same in training, validation, and testing (the subjects need to repeat a particular gesture among a set of seven known gestures as a passcode). In a more complex scenario, when training gestures differ from those in validation and testing, our model can achieve an average accuracy of 90%, demonstrating that the proposed model can extract the unique patterns to identify a user regardless of gestures. Taking advantage of Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), we explore the attention of the model on segments of the spectrotemporal space of the input signals. Grad-CAM not only sheds light on sEMG-based personal identification by decoding and visualizing the unique user-specific neurophysiological pattern but also generates a two-dimensional spectrotemporal mask used to reduce the model complexity significantly. As a result of the systematic optimization and Grad-CAM analysis, our proposed identification method needs only 4% of data for training, boosting practicality. This paper also reveals the robustness of the proposed model for cross-day evaluation. Finally, the comparative study shows the superiority of our proposed model over several state-of-the-art algorithms.

A biometric system provides automatic identification of an individual based on a unique feature or characteristic possessed by the individual. Iris recognition is regarded as the most reliable and accurate biometric identification system available. An approach for accurate Biometric Recognition and Identification of Human Iris Patterns using Neural Network has been illustrated by gopikrishnan et. al. It has been concluded by Yingzi Du et. al that the partial iris portion of the iris pattern describes the uniqueness and the pupil has no direct effect on the accuracy of the biometric recognition. In this paper the Iris recognition has been carried out employing a template of size 10 × 480 pixels instead of 20 × 480 pixels as employed in the earlier paper. The results of the two sizes of the templates have been compared and it has been observed that the accuracy of the results obtained with the limited template size is comparable with that of the one with the full size. The reason for this is also discussed in this paper. The improved methodology suggested has resulted in the reduction of the space requirement as well as time complexity with no loss in accuracy. This paper also provides results of iris recognition performed applying Hamming distance, Feed forward back propagation, Cascade forward back propagation, Elman forward back propagation and perceptron. It has been established that the method suggested applying perceptron provides the best accuracy in respect of iris recognition with no major additional computational complexity.

Iris is claimed to be one of the best biometrics. We have collected a large data set of iris images, intentionally sampling a range of quality broader than that used by current commercial iris recognition systems. We have re-implemented the Daugman-like iris recognition algorithm developed by Masek. We have also developed and implemented an improved iris segmentation and eyelid detection stage of the algorithm, and experimentally verified the improvement in recognition performance using the collected dataset. Compared to Masek's original segmentation approach, our improved segmentation algorithm leads to an increase of over 6% in the rank-one recognition rate.

Now a day’s security and identification of a person are crucial in real time applications and solving the problems in biometric identification. Objectives: To address the issues in real time, the face and its organ’s identification are the main parts of the human body. The proposed work involves extraction of the face of the real time captured image, after extraction of the face, the organs like eyes, mouth and nose is extracted for identification of exact person. Methods/ Analysis: The present work captures the real time image from cameras or moving video devices for facial recognition using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the facial features are extracted from both Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Gaussian mixture model (GMM) methods and classified into different organs using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The features of organs are extracted in different stages, in first stage Eigen values with the help of PCA, second and third stage feature extraction with help GMM and HMM since these three techniques are the most powerful tools for statistical natural image processing. After extraction of organs of the face, the ANN is applied for classifications of eyes, mouth and nose separately. Findings: In the proposed work the facialorgans are separated into threeslight scale images and these are recombined to acquire the appreciationfacial image results like mouth, eyes and nose. The final obtained results shows that the proposed method has been achieved 95.8% recognition accuracy, Fault Rejection Ratio (FRR) is about 93.1% and Fault Acceptance Ratio (FAR) is 1.7 % which are implemented in Matlab2013A.

The Sixth International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN 2009)

Empowering robust biometric authentication: The fusion of deep learning and security image analysis

This paper considers various personal identification systems based on questions and answers concerning knowledge inherent to the individual, and discusses the personal identification probability. Assume a personal identification system which contains N knowledge items and assume that a solver has forgotten the correct answers for M items after the registration. The behavior of the system is as follows: Q knowledge items for questions are selected randomly from N items. For each of the selected items, R selection keys are presented which include a correct answer and the solver is requested to select one. When the solver forgets the correct answer, the probability of correct answer is 1/R; otherwise it is 1. The following three systems are considered under such conditions. System I decides the solver as correct if all answers to the extracted Q items are correct. System II decides the solver as correct if there are fewer than K incorrect answers. System III decides the solver as correct unless k or more consecutive answers are incorrect. It is seen that the probability of personal identification increases in the order of I, II and III. It is not always true that the probability of excluding an incorrect solver is low if the probability of personal identification is high. Each of the considered systems is suited to particular applications, depending on the environment.

This paper presents an intelligent system for person identification with biometric measures such as signature, fingerprint and face. We describe the neural network architectures used to achieve person identification based on the biometrics measures. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides good recognition.

Personal identification based on biometrics technology is a trend in the future. Traditional approaches, for example, keys, ID cards, username and password, are neither satisfactory nor reliable enough in many security fields, biometrics authorizations based on face, iris, fingerprint have become a hot research filed. In those methods, iris recognition is regarded as a high accuracy verification technology, so that many countries have the same idea of adopting iris recognition to improve the safety of their key departments. The human iris can also be considered a valid biometrics for personal identification [Richard P W, 1996]. Biometrics recognition based on iris patterns is a hotspot as face recognition and fingerprint recognition recently years. The iris is the colored ring on the human eye between the pupil and the white sclera. Lots of physical biometric can be found in the colored ring of tissue that surrounds the pupil, such as corona, crypts, filaments, flecks, pits, radial furrows and striations. The iris features can be encoded by mathematical representation so that the patterns can be compared easily. In real-time iris recognition application system, iris localization is a very important step for iris recognition. The iris regions segmentation accuracy and localization real-time performance will affect the whole recognition system’s correct rate and effectiveness for large-scale database. Because iris region is a small object and has low grey value, it is very difficult to capture high contrast iris image clearly. In order to improve iris image contrast, usually some illuminations such as near infrared light source are used to increase intensity; however these illuminations may result in some faculas in iris image and affect iris segmentation and iris features. Here, we will discuss iris recognition system’s algorithm, all steps of iris recognition system will be introduced in details. Finally, we will show the experimental results based on iris database.

A Neural Network is one of the techniques by which we classify data. In this paper, we have proposed an effectively stacked autoencoder with the help of a modified sigmoid activation function. We have made a two-layer stacked autoencoder with a modified sigmoid activation function. We have compared our autoencoder to the existing autoencoder technique. In the existing autoencoder technique, we generally use the logsigmoid activation function. But in multiple cases using this technique, we cannot achieve better results. In that case, we may use our technique for achieving better results. Our proposed autoencoder may achieve better results compared to this existing autoencoder technique. The reason behind this is that our modified sigmoid activation function gives more variations for different input values. We have tested our proposed autoencoder on the iris, glass, wine, ovarian, and digit image datasets for comparison propose. The existing autoencoder technique has achieved 96% accuracy on the iris, 91% accuracy on wine, 95.4% accuracy on ovarian, 96.3% accuracy on glass, and 98.7% accuracy on digit (image) dataset. Our proposed autoencoder has achieved 100% accuracy on the iris, wine, ovarian, and glass, and 99.4% accuracy on digit (image) datasets. For more verification of the effeteness of our proposed autoencoder, we have taken three more datasets. They are abalone, thyroid, and chemical datasets. Our proposed autoencoder has achieved 100% accuracy on the abalone and chemical, and 96% accuracy on thyroid datasets.

Computer vision techniques have immense potential for materials design applications. In this work, we introduce an integrated and general-purpose AtomVision library that can be used to generate and curate microscopy image (such as scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy) data sets and apply a variety of machine learning techniques. To demonstrate the applicability of this library, we (1) establish an atomistic image data set of about 10 000 materials with large structural and chemical diversity, (2) develop and compare convolutional and atomistic line graph neural network models to classify the Bravais lattices, (3) demonstrate the application of fully convolutional neural networks using U-Net architecture to pixelwise classify atom versus background, (4) use a generative adversarial network for super resolution, (5) curate an image data set on the basis of natural language processing using an open-access arXiv data set, and (6) integrate the computational framework with experimental microscopy images for Rh, Fe3O4, and SnS systems. The AtomVision library is available at https://github.com/usnistgov/atomvision.

Background. In recent years, the development of an automated identification process using biometric authentication has been observed, which has a high level of protection, since it allows you to evaluate the physical parameters and characteristics of a particular person. Such access control is more reliable since identifiers cannot be transferred to third parties or duplicated to bypass security systems. Over the past decades, a significant number of systems with biometric identification has been developed, but systems with identification according to the characteristics of the photoplethysmogram still receive little attention. The main task of biometric personality identification using photoplethysmogram is the search and implementation of machine learning methods to determine their belonging to a particular patient.Objective. The purpose of the paper is to develop an algorithm for distinguishing pulse wave iterations using the calculation of the temporal characteristics of photoplethysmograms, such as the maximum amplitude value, variance, mean absolute deviation, Wilson amplitude and the total sum of signal amplitude values.Methods. Based on the study of the temporal characteristics of the photoplethysmogram, an algorithm for distinguishing pulse wave iterations is created, which can be used for further biometric identification of a person using machine-learning methods.Results. The results can be used for further development of automated access control and management systems using biometric identification.Conclusions. Known methods of biometric identification are usually based on the static parameters of a person (the structure of the cornea of the eye, palm, fingerprints, geometry of the auricle, etc.), but have a low level of protection, since using special equipment you can create a copy of the biometric key. Therefore, today, the use of methods based on the parameters of dynamic biometric identification (plethysmogram, cardiogram and others) provides the highest degree of protection, but requires a more accurate software device to isolate and determine common symptoms. The proposed approach to calculating individual parameters of the photoplethysmogram with the aim of their subsequent classification by machine learning methods may be an acceptable solution for patient biometric identification systems.