New Approach for Address Auto-Configuration in MANET Based on Virtual Address Space Mapping (VASM)

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) comprises of self-organizing autonomous mobile nodes. MANETs are open and decentralized. Therefore they are vulnerable to malicious entities. MANETs are multi-hop wireless network where all nodes supportively maintain network connectivity without a centralized infrastructure. Since MANETs are infrastructure less and independent, the secure communication is the main issue. Therefore they are vulnerable to malicious entities. Here the location identity and traffic can be traced out by an outside observer. Anonymity means secure communications by hiding node identities and preventing traffic analysis attacks by outside observers. This paper proposes Position based Anonymous Routing Scheme in MANETs (PARS).Here the routing is based on Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol. The objective is an anonymous routing protocol for the network. The proposed one is a zone based anonymous GPSR based protocol that can provide source, destination and route anonymity. Performance of the proposed system is compared with that of GPSR and AODV using Network Simulator. Index Terms: Anonymous routing, position-based routing, random forwarder, zone partition. I. Introduction Mobile Ad hoc Networks are collection of independent mobile nodes that can communicate by radio waves. It is an infrastructure less self-organizing network. The nodes that are in radio range can communicate by single hop or by multi hop with the help of intermediate nodes. The network is open and decentralized and fully distributed. So they are perfect choice for communication and information sharing. MANETs are susceptible to malicious entities that aim to alter and analyzed the traffic analysis by communication eaves dropping or attacking routing protocols. MANETs are characterized by their distributed operation, multi hop routing, dynamic topology and shared physical medium. Nodes in a MANET are independently free to move in any direction. Due to the lack of a centralized coordinator security is the major concern here. Wireless communication can endure interferences or malicious interceptions; whereas multi-hop communication assumes that each node will perform properly its functions to support network services. Further, self-organization increases the complexity of security management operations as access control, node authentication, secure routing and cryptographic key distribution. There is no fixed infrastructure and the topology is frequently changing due to node mobility or environmental changes. Therefore, it is very hard to maintain a stable and efficient end-to-end route in an ad-hoc network. Each node in MANET is energy constrained. There is verylimited physical security in MANET. The type of attacks can be Active attacks or Passive attacks. The common security issues are Passive attacks which include eaves dropping and information disclosure. Active attacks include Do Sand Data modification. There are other more specific problems with mobile ad hoc network such as vulnerability of channels and nodes, Byzantine black hole and Byzantine wormhole attack. The security issue also includes attacks that may inject erroneous routing information and diverting network traffic thus making routing inefficient. There are many methods to reduce the impact of these attacks, which include a secure routing using public and private key s to get a certification authority and use of digital signatures and prior it rust relationships. Routing is the process of communication from one node to the other host in a network. Routing is the process off or warding packet towards its destination using most efficient path. Routing efficiency is measured in terms of Number of hops, traffic, security, etc. Routing protocols in MANETs are divided as reactive proactive and hybrid. Reactive Protocol maintains the routes in on demand manner. In route discovery phase it floods the route request (RREQ) packets throughout the network. Dynamic source Routing (DSR), ad hoc on- demand distance vector routing (AODV) are some of the examples of reactive protocols. In proactive approach every node in the MANET continuously maintains the complete routing information of the entire network. This is accomplished by flooding network periodically with network status information. Global State Routing (GSR), Hierarchical State Routing (HSR) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing (DSDV) are some of the examples of proactive

It is important to analyze link status changes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) since the wireless channel is affected by multiple sources of interference. Scalability is a major research topic in the development of MANET routing algorithms, since the network resource of MANET is limited due to the contention-based wireless communication channel. This paper proposes to adopt a dominant pruning (DP) algorithm, instead of using the conventional blind flooding in AAPs, to reduce the broadcasting redundancy in MANET address auto-configuration protocol (AAP) in the status of link change. A novel method to enable AAP to attain routing capability, by suggesting new messages, is proposed. Simulation demonstrates that the performance improves when the conventional AAPs such as Strong DAD, Weak duplicate address detection (DAD) with proactive routing protocols (WDP), Weak DAD with on demand routing protocols (WDO) and MANET conf are replaced with the proposed algorithms.

Now a day's use of wireless communication is very common and growing faster. There are different types of wireless networks which are designed as per the requirement of data rate and coverage. In this paper scope is limited to widely study and used network called Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). MANET is collection of wireless devices which communicate among each other without need of any physical infrastructure as well as centralize administrations. Each mobile node in MANET acts as peer node. The communication is MANET is based on routing methods and hence since from last 2 decade there are number of routing methods designed with objective of improving the Quality of Service (QoS) performance of MANET. As the mobile nodes in MANET are moving randomly with varying mobility speed, this can leads the challenging tasks to achieve the guaranteed QoS performance. Therefore it is required to have efficient routing protocol with load balancing and dynamic behaviour of mobile nodes handling in MANET. In this paper, our goal first is to present the study on different QoS aware routing methods and non-routing methods designed by various research groups for MANET. Second objective is to design novel QoS Aware routing protocol for improving the QoS performance in MANET. Additionally, we are presenting the current research gap based on analysis of all recent methods of QoS improvement. The outcome of this paper is the current research problems and efficient QAODV routing method.

Scalability is a major research topic in the development of MANET routing algorithms. The network resource of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is limited, due to the contention-based wireless communication channel. Instead of using the conventional blind flooding in AAPs, this paper proposes to adopt a dominant pruning (DP) algorithm to reduce the broadcasting redundancy in MANET address autoconfiguration protocol (AAP). A novel method to enable AAP to enhance routing capability by suggesting new messages is proposed. Simulation demonstrates that performance improves when the conventional AAPs, such as strong DAD, weak duplicate address detection (DAD) with proactive routing protocols (WDP), weak DAD with on demand routing protocols (WDO) and MANETconf, are replaced by the proposed algorithms.

A Review on Cooperative Bait Based Intrusion Detection in MANET

In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), each node is free to move and connect with one another over a wireless connection, without the requirement for a centralized controller or base station. These features make MANET useful and functional in a variety of areas, including tactical situations, sensor networks, rescue operations, and students on campus. However, this type of network also has a range of issues such as security, Quality of Service, dynamic topology, scalability, the absence of central management, and energy consumption. Since MANET nodes have little battery life, the power usage is among the most important design considerations in wireless ad-hoc networks. Each node is responsible for forwarding the packets to its neighboring nodes. Since the MANET does not contain a hierarchy, some nodes may not participate in forwarding the packets and prefer to keep their remaining energy for themselves; these nodes are called selfish nodes. The presence of selfish nodes in the MANET greatly affects the efficiency and activity of the network. The process of detecting and isolating the selfish node does not constitute an easy task. It still requires further investigation and study. Therefore, this survey is intended to determine, study and analyze some new detection mechanisms used in detecting selfish nodes in MANETs. It also classifies them into three categories which are credit-based, reputation-based, and acknowledgment-based techniques. In addition, it highlights some critical issues in MANET according to selfish behavior, and points out the necessary requirements for better improvement as well as fields for future research.

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-less networks that are mainly used for establishing communication during the situation where wired network fails. Security related information collection is a fundamental part of the identification of attacks in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). A node should find accessible routes to remaining nodes for information assortment and gather security related information during route discovery for choosing secured routes. During data communication, malicious nodes enter the network and cause disturbances during data transmission and reduce the performance of the system. In this manuscript, a Time Interval Based Blockchain Model (TIBBM) for security related information assortment that identifies malicious nodes in the MANET is proposed. The proposed model builds the Blockchain information structure which is utilized to distinguish malicious nodes at specified time intervals. To perform a malicious node identification process, a Network Block Monitoring Node (NBMN) is selected after route selection and this node will monitor the blocks created by the nodes in the routing table. At long last, NBMN node understands the location of malicious nodes by utilizing the Blocks created. The proposed model is compared with the traditional malicious node identification model and the results show that the proposed model exhibits better performance in malicious node detection.

In an IP-based network, automated dynamic assignment of IP addresses is preferable. In most wired networks, a node relies on a centralized server by using dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) to obtain a dynamic IP address. However, the DHCP-based approach cannot be employed in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) due to the uncertainty of any centralized DHCP server. That is, a MANET may become partitioned due to host mobility. Therefore, there is no guarantee to access a DHCP server. A general approach to address this issue is to allow a mobile host to pick a tentative address randomly, and then use duplicate address resolution (DAR) protocol to resolve any duplicate addresses. In this paper, an innovative distributed dynamic host configuration protocol designed to configure nodes in MANET is presented. The proposed protocol not only can detect the duplicate address, but also can resolve the problem caused by duplicate address. It shows that the proposed protocol works correctly and is more universal than earlier approaches. An enhanced version of DAR scheme is also proposed in this paper to solve the situation of duplicate MAC address. The new and innovative approach proposed in this paper can make the nodes in MANET provide services to other networks and avoid packets from being delivered to incorrect destinations.

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is collection of self configuring, wireless, multi hop mobile nodes. This network lacks centralized routing capability as well as a fixed network infrastructure and topology. In order to communicate with each other these multi hop nodes themselves act as routers. As the nodes are mobile and due to lack of central server, the routing may become erroneous. Also due to dynamic nature of nodes the routing becomes a highly tedious task. In the literature several routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks and most prominent among them are DSR, AODV and TORA. But almost all of these protocols assume that the nodes in the MANET are always cooperative. However, these protocols protect MANET from all the possible attacks except non cooperative behavior. ARAN (Authenticated Routing for Adhoc Networks) is a solution proposed which provides security against all possible vulnerabilities but an authenticated selfish node can manipulate these protocols and can disturb the network by dropping packets or delaying the packet. These noncooperative nodes may in turn partition the network. In this paper we propose a credit based system that can be applied to routing protocol to detect selfish node and improve the network performance.

A network connecting mobile nodes wirelessly is known as mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). In MANET the communication takes place with the help of mobile nodes. Every node in a MANET forwards data so that it can reach to its destination. It is assumed that all the nodes in the network behave properly while forwarding the data packets. Selfish nodes are those nodes who do not participate in data forwarding. The presence of such selfish nodes degrade the performance of MANET. In this paper, we survey the various mechanisms to detect selfish node in MANET.

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collection of distributed nodes which communicate using multi-hop wireless links. In order to manage the frequent topology change and ineffective communication, Distributed Spanning Tree (DST) interconnection technique can be used. DST technique guarantee network connectivity, efficient routing and maintain network performance in MANET. In MANET, nodes work for tasks of similar goal (common interest). So, most of the nodes try to access the similar data at different period. By using Data cache system (DCS), we can improve the efficiency of MANET to some extent [1]. In this paper, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique is used to enhance the efficiency of data cache system in MANET at higher level. ACO technique improves the data transfer speed by finding optimal path between nodes of MANET in dynamic fashion. Analysis from simulation of our proposed work shows that data cache system efficiency can be improved using DST technique.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is kind of wireless networks architecture, which is an infrastructureless, autonomous, stand-alone network. Therefore, MANET can be flexibly and simply deployed in almost any environment. But it has a limited wireless coverage and limited connectivity that is exclusive to the MANET boundary. The growth of the Internet and its services and applications and the trend in fourth generation (4G) wireless networks toward full-IP networks, lead to an increasing demand for enabling MANET nodes to connect to Internet and use its services and applications. Mobile IP and IP micro-mobility protocols enable the mobile host to access Internet and change points of attachment without losing the connection. So, with the cooperation between MANET routing protocols and IP mobility protocol, Internet connectivity to MANET nodes can be achieved. In this paper, we propose integrated network architecture to extend the cellular IP access network to multiple MANETs. We also propose an integration routing protocol for connecting MANET to cellular IP Access network and Internet. The proposed protocol supports mobile nodes mobility between different MANETs.

Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a short range network which enables various mobile nodes to communicate with each other. The range of mobile node for communication is limited in the MANET so two nodes of different network which are placed in long distance are unable to communicate between them. Utility of MANET can be enhanced by providing Internet connectivity to the mobile nodes. MANET is infrastructureless and Internet is infrastructure type network so they require an interface to connect with each other. So in this situation, Gateway, a device which acts as an interface and a router, provides the MANET nodes connectivity to fixed networks. A mobile node in MANET has to find a route to a gateway first to communicate with the Internet host. It requires an efficient gateway discovery mechanism for improve the overall performance of network. For this process various approaches have been proposed in the past. The popular approaches are reactive, proactive and hybrid gateway discovery mechanisms. This paper focuses on various issues for MANET-Internet integration and their proposed technical solutions by various proposals for different Internet gateway discovery mechanisms to improve the performance.

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are consists of mobile devices connected wirelessly. Mobile nodes in MANET are applicable of routing functionality, where messages are forwarded in a multi-hop fashion. In such a communication scheme a routing protocol play an important role in the network performances. The wireless connectivity and node mobility in MANET networks contributes in rapid topological changes, which brings the need for a channel aware routing protocol. To overcome this problem, many channel aware routing metrics are proposed in the literature, however these routing metrics are either utilizing the shared bandwidth to measure the link quality, or they implies less awareness to the link quality. This paper proposed a SNR-based routing metric for Dynamic Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol. This paper starts by investigate and compare the performance among common routing protocols in MANET. Secondly a cross layer approach is proposed for the new routing metric. Simulation scenarios are used for the work of the paper. The new metrics is implemented in one of the MANET common routing protocols DSDV module in MONET++. The results show that SNR-based DSVD improves the performance of the MANET in terms of throughput and delay.

With the evolution of dynamically changing network applications, for efficient, seamless and last mile connectivity Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) provide a cost effective solution. The mobile nodes in MANETs are randomly connected and their location and functioning keeps on changing based on the situation and network application requirement. However, the nodes in MANETs are battery powered which is one of the limiting factors in their performance. However, seamless and longer duration connectivity depends upon the lifetime of individual nodes. The power consumption during transmission is the critical design issue in MANET's. This work involves the performance evaluation of a designed MANET scenario with variation in transmission power using Ad-hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) Routing Protocol (RP) at variable node configuration. The performance of designed MANET scenario is evaluated using several qualitative performance metrics for optimum performance using QualNet simulator.