New construction method and enumeration of balanced correlation-immune function

International audience

Public spaces constitute one of the main elements of the living cities. They stand out as places reflecting the social structure of the society and the past values. They appear as the places one can observe the changes and modernity of the society as well as socializing places. Following to private and semi-private spaces, public spaces such as streets, squares and parks provide people a chance to be together and contact with each other. In living and vibrant places with these random appointments they feel that they belong to social urban life. Therefore, well-designed living public spaces are important indicators of the quality of life and user satisfaction. In the scope of this paper the basic principles and design criteria that create living public spaces and their effects on user satisfaction are discussed. By analysing the spatial reflections of used design criteria it is aimed to relate the existing arrangements to user satisfaction. For these analysis, Yüksel Street located at Kızılay Square in Ankara centre and side streets of Karanfil and Konur (all car-free) were selected as case study area. This area is one of the most important and most densely used pedestrian zone of the capital with its green pattern, location and crossroads. At the beginning, basic design criteria and implementation methods are detailed with the literature survey. Then basic criteria and design principles are verified by using field studies including a survey with randomly asked 270 questionnaires. For defining the user satisfaction and bringing out the qualifications and failures in the case study area user surveys are analysed by field study observations and SPSS Statistics software. Finally, practical suggestions which are believed to be useful for this type of public places in developing and less developed countries are proposed

New Constructions of Resilient and Correlation Immune Boolean Functions Achieving Upper Bound on Nonlinearity

Steam ejector, as a heat pump, plays a key role in ejector refrigeration system which operates with water vapor as an available, economic and environmentally friendly refrigerant. In this research, supersonic steam flow through the ejector is simulated by CFD methods to investigate effects of ejector geometry on its performance. Basic design criteria are entrainment ratio (ER) and critical compression ratio so that the former affects COP of the refrigeration system and the latter changes the temperature at which condenser is operated. For more accurate design, we also investigate the effect of ejector geometry (non-dimensional parameters consist of D/L and d/D) on the entropy generation rate as a design criterion. In fact, increase in ER and COP and decrease in the entropy generation rate are desirable changes in the present work. Among all geometric parameters which affect the entropy generation, the diameter of the throat of the primary nozzle is more effective than the rest. Finally, the ejector geometry has been proposed that make improvement in the ejector ER and COP of the refrigeration cycle up to 32% and 38%, respectively, and reduction of 28% in total entropy generation rate.

There is increasing pressure from regulators and industry players for the semi-submersible Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU) site specific mooring design criteria to be risk based because of the large variability of site infrastructure. This paper describes a process for developing a sequence of approaches, starting with a simple "assume the worst case", through an intermediate (checklist) approach, rather than, or as well as a fully incorporated risk assessment and criteria development. The paper describes the foundation for the methodologies, and establishes some clear guidelines as to how such risk based assessments should be performed. While detailed quantification is not normally necessary, rigorous analytical approaches are needed in order to demonstrate reasonable compliance. The paper establishes the foundation for the requirements. Background The last 10 years have seen a huge increase in the number of permanent deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GoM) facilities. These facilities not only represent billion dollar investments, but also are responsible for an increasing proportion of the total US hydrocarbon production. In addition, many will require the services of a semi-submersible MODU to drill additional tie-backs, and to work over existing wells, thereby necessitating relatively close quarters operations. There is growing concern that any of these facilities will be damaged in a hurricane, for whatever reason, particularly given the desire for the US to increase domestic production and reduce reliance on petroleum imports. This concern has resulted in a flurry of activity in code development including a reassessment of the basic metocean design criteria: it has also raised questions of the design criteria used to moor semi-submersible MODUs in deepwater. While there was limited damage to those facilities by the 17 semi-submersibles that suffered mooring failure during hurricanes Katrina and Rita, there is increased concern that this is a potential area for a catastrophic incident (e.g., collision of a MODU with a permanent facility). There is also the concern of damage to the deepwater pipeline infrastructure. During Katrina and Rita, some deepwater pipelines designed to carry over 100,000 barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) per day were damaged and could have resulted in significant loss of production had there not been additional unrelated facility damage, which effectively cut off production to the pipeline(1). It took approximately six months to repair the pipeline, although it has been estimated that the damage could have been repaired within three months had there been the immediate necessity to recommence flow(1). It has been suggested by some outside the industry that a way to circumvent the possible threat caused by drifting semi-submersible MODUs would be to increase the design criteria for MODUs to those used for permanent installations. There are a number of consequences associated with this. First, and foremost, it would not be possible to upgrade the MODU fleet to meet these criteria, even if it was advisable: there are limitations on the worldwide supply of the wire, chain, and polyester needed to upgrade the fleet; and much of the fleet could not physically be upgraded to that level due to limitations in deck space, strength, and variable load capability.

ABSTRACTRecent studies of policy design have grappled with such issues as policy tool use, overcoming historical policy legacies, the nature of policy mixes and issues around policy formulation and the nature of ‘design’ and ‘designing’ in policy-making. These studies have begun to establish insights into what makes a policy design ‘effective’ or likely to succeed in being adopted or implemented or both. This paper draws lessons from both the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ design work to establish several basic criteria for effective design and designing. As the review of the literature shows, the kinds of lessons that can be drawn from these studies fall into two categories: those dealing with matching design activity to the context of policy-making and those which focus on the character of the tools deployed in a design. The paper sets out both these elements and shows how they can be combined to generate lessons, insights and practices for both policy scholars and practitioners alike.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a relatively new magnetic resonance imaging contrast approach in which exogenous or endogenous compounds containing either exchangeable protons or exchangeable molecules are selectively saturated and after transfer of this saturation, detected indirectly through the water signal with enhanced sensitivity. The focus of this review is on basic magnetic resonance principles underlying CEST and similarities to and differences with conventional magnetization transfer contrast. In CEST magnetic resonance imaging, transfer of magnetization is studied in mobile compounds instead of semisolids. Similar to magnetization transfer contrast, CEST has contributions of both chemical exchange and dipolar cross-relaxation, but the latter can often be neglected if exchange is fast. Contrary to magnetization transfer contrast, CEST imaging requires sufficiently slow exchange on the magnetic resonance time scale to allow selective irradiation of the protons of interest. As a consequence, magnetic labeling is not limited to radio-frequency saturation but can be expanded with slower frequency-selective approaches such as inversion, gradient dephasing and frequency labeling. The basic theory, design criteria, and experimental issues for exchange transfer imaging are discussed. A new classification for CEST agents based on exchange type is proposed. The potential of this young field is discussed, especially with respect to in vivo application and translation to humans.

The recognition of persons is extremely important in considering the safety aspects of residential area lighting. Semi-cylindrical illuminance is the appropriate descriptive parameter, as shown by experiments carried out under real outdoor conditions. The minimum level is used as a basic design criterion. On the other hand, values above 25 lux do not enhance recognition. Other experiments were set up to examine any correlation of modelling effects of the human face with the ratio of vertical to semi-cylindrical illuminance. It is shown that this ratio presents only a geometrical function relative to the object person position. Luminaire concepts are discussed in connection with guidelines for semi-cylindrical illuminance and glare.

Reliability-based structural optimization methods use mostly the following basic design criteria: I) Minimum weight (volume or costs) and II) high strength of the structure. Since several parameters of the structure, e.g. material parameters, loads, manufacturing errors, are not given, fixed quantities, but random variables having a certain probability distribution P,stochastic optimization problems result from criteria (I), (II), which can be represented by $$\mathop {\min }\limits_{x \in D} F(x)withF(x): = Ef(\omega ,x).$$ (1) Here,f=f(ω,x) is a function on ℛr depending on a random element ω, “E” denotes the expectation operator andD is a given closed, convex subset of ℛr. Stochastic approximation methods are considered for solving (1), where gradient estimators are obtained by means of the response surface methodology (RSM). Moreover, improvements of the RSM-gradient estimator by using “intermediate” or “intervening” variables are examined.

A low-cost computerized film analysis system for sports biomechanics

Aiming at the importance of interface in adaptable design of mechanical products, in this paper, research actuality and development of the Mechanical interface are talked over; and the basic requirements and design criteria of adaptable interface design are discussed; lastly, what capability an adaptive mechanical interface must possess is illustrated combing with a specific case, and the adaptable interface in the case can also be applied to similar structure design of other products.

In millimeter-wave communication, large antenna arrays are required to\nachieve high power gain by steering towards each other with narrow beams, which\nposes the problem to efficiently search the best beam direction in the angle\ndomain at both Tx and Rx sides. As the exhaustive search is time consuming,\nhierarchical search has been widely accepted to reduce the complexity, and its\nperformance is highly dependent on the codebook design. In this paper, we\npropose two basic criteria for the hierarchical codebook design, and devise an\nefficient hierarchical codebook by jointly exploiting sub-array and\ndeactivation (turning-off) antenna processing techniques, where closed-form\nexpressions are provided to generate the codebook. Performance evaluations are\nconducted under different system and channel models. Results show superiority\nof the proposed codebook over the existing alternatives.\n

The production process of nitroaromatic hazardous compounds, with the generation of acidic wastewater, represents a significant danger for the health and safety of the workers and the environment. The present study is focused on the development of an efficient installation to treat acidic wastewater resulting from the synthesis process of nitroaromatic compound, considering workers safety and environmental criteria. In this research, a detailed study of the different alternatives that can be used for effective and safe treatment of acidic wastewater was performed. The analysis of several technological schemes for the acidic wastewaters neutralization and the selection of the most feasible alternative from a technical-economic point of view were carried out. The simulation and mathematical modeling developed in this research represent a significant advance in the knowledge of this process for working in a much more secure form. The technological scheme of the process was defined, and the design of the main and auxiliary equipment as well as the piping system was carried out using different computational programs. Finally, this paper proposes a technological design for the treatment of acidic wastewater generated by the production process of nitroaromatic compound, which represents the basic criteria for the further design, construction, and equipment installation of the plant.

In this paper, a compact high-pass filter is proposed, which is fabricated by LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) substrate. The design has 3dB insertion loss and 9500 MHz cut-off frequency, which is used in wireless communication system. By using LTCC fabrication technology, the filter can be fabricated by two layers to realize compact dimensions. The simulation result shows that the attenuation is more than 40 dB in the stopband and the insertion loss in the passband is about 3.1dB . The package standard of the design is 1206 (3.2mm × 1.6mm × 1mm). This paper also shows the basic criteria for filter design . A seven order filter sample is made for verification.

Chapter 4 - Correlation Immune and Resilient Boolean Functions