New Technology and Professional Work

Although Bourdieu paid scant attention to (and in fact discredited) the notion of professionalism, his social theory is well-equipped to understand the evolution of professional work. Professionalism can be conceived as a set of symbolic resources that (re)produce an occupational order, favoring expertise and craftsmanship. In neo-liberal economies this order is contested and professional powers are distrusted; professional work is seen as closed-off and conservative. Managers have become important vehicles for rationalizing and innovating production, and improving “value for money.” In fact, managerial “fields” are created, and conflicts between managerial and professional fields are well documented. These conflicts are ironic, as new classes of managers seek classic strategies of professionalization as well as classic forms of professional capital for securing managerial positions. They form professional associations, for instance, and invest in schooling, credentials and work codes. This paper explores conflicts between professionals and managers as “contests over symbolic capital.” We argue that professional capital is appropriated by managers in order to distinguish “new” from “old” professional work in larger economized fields of power.

The loss of public trust is the biggest problem for the company. Therefore, an audit is important and expected audit results are quality. This research was conducted to analyze audit quality. So that the problem is known and produce quality audits, and companies gain trust from stake holders. The research method is quantitative with logistic regression analysis. Population is a manufacturing company listed on the IDX, a sample size of 25 firms, 7 years financial statements or 175 financial reports, and sample techniques using purposive. The results of the study showed that partially the rotation of KAP and Tenure KAP has not significant effect on audit quality. Company size has a significant effect on audit quality. Simultaneously, KAP rotation, KAP tenure and company size has significant effect on audit quality. This finding confirms that audit quality is not affected by changes in KAP, considering that KAP is the operational area of ​​the company. Similarly audit tenure, the length of the company's bond with the audit committee has not effect. Because, this relationships are personal, not professional work

This study aims to analyze the effect of Work Professionalism and Work Climate on Work Effectiveness at PT. BIG Tours & Travels. The population in this study were 57 employees where all employees were used as research samples. The method used is the quantitative method. Primary data collection was obtained from distributing questionnaires and secondary data obtained directly from the Company through the process of observation and interviews. The analytical technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 24 software. The results showed that the regression coefficient of Work Professionalism (X1) was 0.567, which was positive. This is indicated by the t-count value of 3.992 which is greater than the t-table of 2.005, and a significance value of 0.000 below 0.05. Where Professionalism Work (X1) partially positive and significant effect on Work Effectiveness (Y). While the regression value of Work Climate (X2) is 0.245, positive value, this is indicated by the t-count value of Work Climate of 1.846 which is smaller than t table of 2.005, and a significance value of 0.070 is greater than 0.05. Where the work climate (X2) has a positive and insignificant effect on work effectiveness (Y). So it can be said that Work Professionalism (X1), and Work Climate (X2) simultaneously have a positive effect on Work Effectiveness (Y) With the value of the multiple regression equation Y = 6.371 + 0.567X1 + 0.245X2 with a coefficient of determination of 41.10%, the rest is influenced by other factors not studied.

The many meanings of theory and practice

ABSTRACT
 Based on the facts, almost in junior high school professional competence has not been satisfactory, especially social studies teachers, ironically the attitude of students' self-concept is lower in teaching and learning activities. This fact is determined by many factors, internal factors include lack of interest, weak motivation, weak level of intellectual intelligence, while external factors are teachers influencing student learning outcomes in schools. The weak self-concept of students in the classroom is closely related to the weak professional competence of teachers and the work ethic of teachers. one _ part of the teacher's internal factors which implicitly determine the success of students in growing students' self-concepts, especially in social studies subjects, professional competence and teacher work ethic. Professional teachers are teachers who are able to carry out their duties competently, both conceptually and applicable and have the ability to carry out teacher duties. Research was conducted in private MTs in Rupit District, North Musirawas Regency. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of teacher professional competence and teacher work ethic on the self-concept of private MTs students in Rupit District, North Musirawas Regency, either simultaneously or partially. The sample in this study were private MTs students in Rupit District as many as 90 students. The results obtained are: The partial test (t test) which was carried out proved the professional competence of teachers and the work ethic of the teacher partially significant effect on the self-concept of private MTs students in Rupit District t count > t table and also significant at 0.001 < 0.05. This means that the variable of professional competence has an effect on students' self-concept. The teacher's work ethic on students' self-concept in private MTs in Rupit District. Where t count > t table and also significant at 0.001 < 0.05. This means that the teacher's work ethic variable has an effect on students' self-concept. Teacher professional competence and teacher work ethic simultaneously significantly influence the self-concept of private MTs students in Rupit District where F count > F table and sig of 0.001 < 0.05. This means that the variables of teacher professional competence and teacher work ethic have an effect on students' self-concept.
 Keywords : Teacher Professional Competence, Teacher Work Ethic , Student Self Concept

Aim/Purpose: This study focuses on how a short-term international study abroad program to England impacted doctoral students’ cultural competencies. Background: The case study captures the experiences of six school leadership doctoral students who traveled abroad to East London, England. The overarching goal of this experience was to improve their self-efficacy for culturally competent school leadership. Methodology: Through this case study of six doctoral students in an educational leadership doctoral program, the researchers sought to answer the following question: How do knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors around cultural competencies of U.S. school leaders shift because they participated in an international internship? Through pre-post surveys and follow-up interviews, the researchers explored how the international experience impacted cultural competencies. Contribution: The primary goal of this experience was to improve self-efficacy for culturally responsive school leadership. The doctoral students were either aspiring school leaders or were currently serving as a building leader of a P-12 school. It is from these students that we can learn how a short-term international experience might impact school leaders, and in return, the students and staff they serve. This study adds to the limited literature about the benefits of study abroad programs for educational leadership students in doctoral programs. Findings: The doctoral students in this case study gained knowledge and skills because of this study abroad. Knowledge was gained about educational systems and self-awareness. Skills learned included relationship skills, travel skills, and skills related to empowering teachers. Attitudes about diversity shifted to be more encompassing. Further, the behaviors of doctoral students changed because of this trip. The results from the pre-test and post-test on cultural competence indicated a significant improvement in cultural competence for the group. Recommendations for Practitioners: The knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavioral shifts captured in this study spoke to profound growth around cultural competencies. It is through preparing these doctoral students before the international sojourn, guiding them during the experience, and following up with them upon return that we were able to create a supportive, meaningful, and impactful study abroad experience for future school leaders. Thus, these experiences will likely impact their collective leadership in the future. Recommendation for Researchers: Though research about the benefits of study abroad programs for graduate students is limited, several studies are about the benefits of study abroad and international programs in undergraduate education. There is all but a lack of literature focused on doctoral educational leadership students and study abroad. Nevertheless, for many students who choose to study overseas, it may be the first opportunity they have to explore a new country and to be fully immersed in a culture that is different from their own. Through these experiences, many development opportunities can affect how students view their professional work. Impact on Society: Through exposure to others, by experiencing diverse ways of thinking and doing, and through critical conversation, institutions of higher education can develop school leaders to be culturally competent, culturally responsive, and socially just. As demonstrated in this study, international experiences are one decisive way to start this conversation. Future Research: Research has shown that it is possible to increase students’ cultural competence through study abroad. As such, in the current study, the researchers took a mixed methods approach to understand how cultural competencies around knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors shifted. As a result, we found that each doctoral student increased their cultural awareness in significant ways. Students gained knowledge by comparing the cultures within education systems and gained self-awareness about their own cultural awareness issues. More research needs to be done to better understand the impact of study abroad experiences on graduate students in educational leadership programs. These experiences could be short experiences (i.e., one to two weeks) or longer experiences (i.e., more than two weeks). Further, focusing on developing cultural competency before, during, and after a trip in different educational fields other than educational leadership (e.g., literacy, curriculum & instruction) could have significant school-level effects. Lastly, extending study abroad experiences into locations where English is not the first or primary language could provide opportunities for developing language skills while enhancing patience, cross-cultural communication, and problem-solving skills that could be beneficial personally and professionally.

This research is at the Batang Cenaku Sub-District Office in Indragiri Hulu Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of professionalism and work discipline on employee performance at the Batang Cenaku District Head Office in Indragiri Hulu Regency, both simultaneously and partially. To collect all the data, this research used interview and questionnaire using multiple linear regression analysis methods. The sampling method using purposive sampling method with a total sample of 35 respondents. The results of this study are: Constants of -2.669 means that this constant value indicates that if there is no professionalism variable (X1) and work discipline (X2) or the value is 0, then employee performance (Y) decreases by 2,669. The regression coefficient of professionalism variable (X1) is 1.049. This means that if professionalism rises by one unit while the work discipline variable is stable, then employee performance increases by 1,049. Regression coefficient of work discipline variable (X2) is 0.324 meaning that if the variable professionalism is stable and work discipline has a one unit increase, then employee performance (Y) rises by 0.324. The Fsimultan Test Result states that the Fcount results obtained are 19,720 with a significance value of 0.002. So Fcount> Ftable (19,720> 3.29) or Sig F Ftable then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted so it means that Simultaneously professionalism and work discipline have a significant effect on employee performance. Obtained R number equal to 0.743 means close to 1, so here it can be said that the influence of professionalism and work discipline on employee performance has a strong and positive relationship. Meanwhile, based on the analysis table above, the number R2 (R Square) is obtained or the coefficient of determination is 0.552. meaning 55.2%. shows the percentage of contribution of independent variables (professionalism and work discipline) to the dependent variable (employee performance) Or the variation of the independent variables used in the model (professionalism and work discipline) is able to explain 55.2% of the variation of the dependent variable (employee performance). While the remaining 44.8% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study

A chronic pain condition affects all aspects of life. Chronic pain patients are not only confronted with enduring pain, but also with the detrimental psychosocial consequences of their condition such as job loss, marital problems, and social isolation. Much effort is required in finding the best way to cope with their aggravating situation. Research, policy, and care seem to focus predominantly on the physical and psychological aspects of the lives of chronic pain patients, with limited attention for the existential dimension. This is remarkable because chronic pain often threatens patients’ perceptions about what is meaningful to them and the amount of meaning they find in their daily life. Experiencing chronic pain often requires a revision of one’s life goals and expectations and can trigger an existential search for meaning in life. Hence, the impact of a chronic condition is not limited to patients’ biopsychosocial functioning but affects the existential domain as well. Patients wonder how their life can be meaningful if they experience chronic pain and they are often less able to engage with those aspects of their life that gave their life meaning because of the pain. Despite the significance of experiencing meaningfulness for the functioning of pain patients, those themes seem often neglected in the work of treatment providers and care professionals. In this chapter, an introduction is given on the concept of meaning in life with attention for meaning making, searching for meaning, experiencing meaning and meaningfulness as part of sense of coherence. Furthermore, this theoretical framework is applied to the chronic pain condition and empirical findings are offered showing that meaning in life is related to the functioning and the well-being of pain patients. Finally, clinical implications and suggestions for implementation in care are discussed.

This article compares the practices of teacher educators with those of academics working as educators on pre‐service courses for nurses and social workers. It includes a framework for analysing professional education work, which conceptualises the educators as second order practitioners. The findings of the study show that similar missions, composed of four elements—teaching in higher education, research or scholarship, contribution to the original professional field, and service to the university—underpin professional practices. Other similarities across the three groups included: engagement in complex pedagogies; struggling to engage in ‘valid’ research; and perceptions that their departments had low status in higher education. The study shows the tensions created for professional educators when they attempt to meet the imperatives of both higher education and their original professional fields. The findings illuminate generic issues about what is termed second order practice, and indicate directions for countering insularity in teacher education.

The purpose of this study was : (1) To analyze the factors that affect poverty in the City of Jambi during the period 2000-2011, (2) To analyze the factors causing high unemployment in the city of Jambi during the period 2000-2011, and (3) To analyze the relationship between poverty and unemployment in the city of Jambi during the period 2000-2011. The data used in this study is secondary data from the years 2000-2011. BPS data sources derived from the city of Jambi and Diskakertrans city of Jambi. Analysis tools used in this research is a method of multiple linear regression and correlation. The results showed that: (1). Simultaneously (together) variable population density, education level and the unemployment rate, and a significant positive effect on the level of poverty in the city of Jambi. While partially independent variables that significantly influence the level of education level and the level of poverty is unemployment. Variables influence population density, education level and the unemployment rate is equal to the poverty rate of 92,40 percent, (2). Simultaneously (together) variable education level and health level have positive and significant effect on the unemployment rate in the city of Jambi. While partially independent variables had significant effect on the unemployment rate in the City of Jambi is education level. Variables influence education level and health level rate is equal to the unemployment rate of 42,6 percent; (3). Levels of poverty and unemployment rate in the city of Jambi has a negative correlation with a correlation coefficient of -0.290.
 Keywords: Population Density, Unemployment Rate, Education Level

ABSTRACTSince 1990, new types of doctoral degrees—most in professions that never had doctorates before—surged into the higher education scene in the United States and elsewhere. In the United States, new “professional practice doctorates” were created in more than a dozen fields, and programs for these doctorates skyrocketed from near 0 in 2000 to about 650 by 2015. In some fields, aspiring professionals who once completed master’s degrees now either must or increasingly are expected to complete doctorates to enter practice. This article examines the creation and expansion of these doctorates and the forces driving them. Using comparative case-study analysis of 3 professional fields, the study revealed that professional associations or professional school administrators spearheaded the creation of new doctoral credentials. The study concluded that these associations or administrators did so primarily to increase the professions’ or practitioners’ status, autonomy, and income or to raise institutional standing—rather than to respond to labor market needs or more complex professional work environments. Once the new doctoral titles were established, many programs quickly converted from master’s degrees to doctoral awards, despite program costs and uncertainties. These new doctorates raise important policy questions about professional access, institutional resources, quality of client care, and the meaning of a doctorate.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an important paradox: it has reminded us of the importance of the news media and the central place it occupies in the public space in times of crisis. At the same time, it has showed the major difficulties the industry faces in Belgium and elsewhere in the world. The lockdown disrupted the employment and practices of many journalists in ways that may reveal the contemporary tensions between professional identity and working conditions more clearly than in average news cycles. In order to understand what the Belgian French-speaking journalists went through during the first lockdown, we conducted a survey about the implications of the crisis for their employment status and work practices. This survey also covered their perceptions concerning their social role, their journalistic skills and the quality of their work covering the COVID-19 crisis. The responses show a sharp contrast between challenging working conditions (isolation, lack of expertise and job losses in worst cases) and the satisfaction that comes from the social contribution of their reporting. In order to interpret the results, we consider the theory of valuation as a framework to understand the attachment of journalists to their work and how they practise it.

Poverty is a problem that cannot be solved in a short time, this is because poverty is a complex problem that is caused from many dimensions (economic dimension, the dimension of education, health, social political dimension, etc). The purpose of this research is to know the influence of variable income per capita, the unemployment rate, the human development index, and population growth against the number of poor population in Central Java. This research used the method of survey and is a descriptive research. Analytical tools used in this research are a model and test panel data regression elasticity. Based on capita income results showed a negative and significant effect against the number of poor population in Central Java, the open unemployment rate is positive and significant effect against the number of poor population in Central Java, the human development index and significant negative effect against the number of poor population in Central Java, and influential population growth is negative but not significant. Of the three variables, which have a significant coefficient of per-capita income is, so the income per capita is the most elastic against poor population. The implications of the above conclusions, to increase the per-capita income one of them by holding the program right on target that operates on the poor through developing a cottage industry. To lower the unemployment rate open one of the efforts that the Government can do that is by lowering the interest rate benchmark, so that hopefully will spur producers to do lending to business expansion. To improve the human development index, the effort can do Government provides services in the education sector for free especially for the poor, while in the field of health can be conducted free health care clinics in particular, reproduce on poor villagers and left behind. As for population growth, although it has no effect against a significant number of inhabitants of the poor, Governments still need to pay attention to the rate of population growth especially in the counties (rural areas).

This true-experimental design research study investigated the effect of prelistening relaxation and self-affirmation exercises on the listening comprehension test scores of 70 learners of English in the English Language Teaching department of a state university in Turkey. Participants in the experimental group completed relaxation and self-affirmation exercises before six listening comprehension practice tests while those in the control group took the same tests without exposure to such exercises. The t-test results did not reveal any significant difference, indicating that pre-listening exercises had no significant effect on listening comprehension test performance. Anxiety levels were tested through the Test Influence Inventory (TII). Pre TII results did not show any relationship between participants’ self-perceived test anxiety levels and listening comprehension test scores and groups did not differ significantly in terms of anxiety levels, although there was a significant gender difference. However, post TII results using an independent samples t-test revealed a significant difference, indicating that the pre-listening relaxation and self-affirmation exercises had a positive effect on the reported test anxiety levels of learners in the experimental group. ANOVA analysis revealed a significant main effect on the anxiety levels of the time that TII was administered, that is when it was given before versus after the experiment, as well as significant effects between time and gender, time and group, and time, gender and group. Tests of between-subject effects also revealed a significant main effect of group on TII scores.

The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) sector is an academic and professional field with high gender disparity figures despite being a field with a low unemployment rate. The “Questionnaire with University Students on STEM Studies in Higher Education” (QSTEMHE) was designed to determine the opinion of the Spanish university population on all branches of knowledge about gender stereotypes in STEM studies. This validated instrument was applied to a university sample of 2101 people from different Spanish universities. A quantitative methodology and the non-experimental ex-post-facto method were used, employing a simple random sampling technique. This study aims to analyse the relationship established between the models and references that university students have had and their manifestation of gender stereotypes on the ability to perform in STEM higher education studies. Among the main results, gender stereotypes about STEM degrees persist, considering them masculinised and male-oriented. Furthermore, the study confirms that models and references taken into account when choosing higher education studies impact the perception of men and women regarding stereotypes in STEM. The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) sector is an academic and professional field with high gender disparity figures despite being a field with a low unemployment rate. The “Questionnaire with University Students on STEM Studies in Higher Education” (QSTEMHE) was designed to determine the opinion of the Spanish university population on all branches of knowledge about gender stereotypes in STEM studies. This validated instrument was applied to a university sample of 2101 people from different Spanish universities. A quantitative methodology and the non-experimental ex-post-facto method were used, employing a simple random sampling technique. This study aims to analyse the relationship established between the models and references that university students have had and their manifestation of gender stereotypes on the ability to perform in STEM higher education studies. Among the main results, gender stereotypes about STEM degrees persist, considering them masculinised and male-oriented. Furthermore, the study confirms that models and references taken into account when choosing higher education studies impact the perception of men and women regarding stereotypes in STEM.