NFDI4Ing Conference 2022 - Conference Contributions

The NFDI4Ing Conference 2022 took place online on 26 and 27 October 2022. The authors would like to thank the Federal Government and the Heads of Government of the Länder, as well as the Joint Science Conference (GWK), for their funding and support within the framework of the NFDI4Ing consortium. Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) - project number 442146713.<br> If not stated otherwise within the respective document, the files go by CC-BY 4.0 license.<br> Please refer to the license comments in the resprective slide decks.

Fourth-generation light sources present novel challenges for detector technology, particularly when a continuous-wave x-ray source is leveraged. Mixed-signal readout channels must simultaneously minimise noise, achieve low power consumption, and support high frame rates, requiring significant advances in both analog and digital design. The pFREYA16 ASIC is a readout channel optimised for pixelated detectors in continuous-wave x-ray applications, such as x-ray ptychography. Fabricated in a commercial 65 nm CMOS process, pFREYA offers single-photon sensitivity at 5,9,18, and 25 keV, with a power budget of 220 uW, and a pixel size of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$150 \text{um} \times 150 \text{um}$</tex>. The architecture features 2-bit selectable peaking times for signal-to-noise ratio optimisation, signal-over-threshold detection for efficient zero-suppression, and 10-bit per channel analog-to-digital conversion. This summary details the first results from the characterisation of the analog channel including the signal-over-threshold detection. The conference contribution will add on the sample and hold performance and the SAR ADC.

Scientific conferences are of immense importance to scientists, but the resulting benefits are only available to those scientists who can actually attend scientific meetings. So far, research at scientific conferences is mostly presented and discussed by researchers from the Global North, while researchers from the Global South are largely excluded due to various reasons. Over the past 70 years, the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (IUSSI), which is organized in 11 sections based on geography, has organized 19 international congresses. We reveal a non-equitable distribution of members with researchers from Asia and Africa being under-represented among IUSSI members. During the period from 1952 to 2022 conference contributions at IUSSI conferences came from 79 countries across the globe with members from the African and the South American continent being under-represented. Furthermore, we reveal that it does matter where a conference takes place, as contributions from authors with an affiliation to a particular continent always increase when the conference takes place on that continent. The findings suggest a notable lack of representations from certain regions in key scientific gatherings, highlighting the need for greater inclusivity in the academic community.

The Radio-Magnetotelluric (RMT) method is a geophysical near-surface imaging technique with a broad range of possible applications. In 2020, the GFZ Potsdam has acquired a newly developed horizontal magnetic dipole transmitter that allows the application of the RMT method even in regions with an insufficient coverage of radio transmitters which normally serve as source signal. First controlled-source RMT measurements were conducted at three different locations in Chile in 2020. Further measurements were recently conducted in Ireland.&amp;#160; As we are able to store the raw time series, we have full control over the subsequent data processing. The processing tools at GFZ include the modular processing suite EMERALD, which was originally designed for MT processing, but has recently been adapted to process RMT data. One main difference is that in RMT the transmitter data is considered as signal, while in natural source MT this would be regarded as electromagnetic noise that needs to be removed using automated robust statistical approaches. However, processing the entire time series in an automated manner has a large drawback: The different emitted frequencies are transmitted in a sweep implying that only a smaller fraction of the time series contains the required signal for a particular target frequency and leading to an unfavourable signal-to-noise ratio. Since it is technically impossible to have the same time base for the data logger and the transmitter with an accuracy of a few nanoseconds, an automated detection scheme is required to find time segments that contain the transmitter signal. Usually, several Gigabytes of raw time series are collected during field measurements, making manual editing and supervision of the time series virtually impossible. However, a careful selection of appropriate time segments is essential for the success of the data processing. To address the challenge, machine learning algorithms have a high potential to solve both problems. Initial experience was gained with a recurrent neural network approach in order to identify suitable time segments (Patzer &amp; Weckmann, EMTF 2021 &amp;#8211; conference contribution and personal communication). However, many questions remained open, e.g. if other machine learning algorithms can result in better performances, which machine learning algorithms are in principle suitable for the characteristics and properties of RMT time series and which parameters should be used as input variables (features) for the algorithms. A large number of machine learning algorithms exist, which can be divided into different groups according to their operating principle and their activity fields. We will test unsupervised methods, especially for clustering the data, to identify a set of suitable input variables. Subsequently, we will use these features to train supervised algorithms as logistic regression, support vector machine and different kinds of neural networks to find the best performing algorithm. We will mainly use the RMT data from Chile within the training process. Furthermore, we will test if the trained algorithm is applicable to other new data sets measured at different locations (e.g. Ireland) and/or with different equipment.

In this conference contribution, we discuss the influence of gluon-bremsstrahlung damping in hot, absorptive QCD matter on the heavy-quark radiation spectra. Within our Monte-Carlo implementation for the description of the heavy-quark in-medium propagation we demonstrate that as a consequence of gluon damping the quenching of heavy quarks becomes significantly affected at higher transverse momenta.

The annual international conference Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies (FM&NT) was started in 2006 by scientists from the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia. The warm welcome and open atmosphere of this scientific conference has turned it into an event where people from different countries and different fields come and meet under the shared umbrella of functional materials and nanotechnology. It is particularly important for early stage scientists who are looking for new knowledge and contacts with people from various fields to build their own network. Our Latvian colleagues, with their success in internationalization, made us neighbouring Estonians so jealous that we could not help but propose organising the conference every second year in Estonia.In a way, this conference is a continuation of the idea of the famous Baltic seminars which took place over several decades in the last century. Due to political constraints, these seminars were only open to scientists of former Eastern Europe countries, but had a great popularity and attendance from over the whole Soviet Union. Many collaborations started from the initial personal contact between scientists at these twice yearly seminars, held alternately in Latvia and Estonia.At the FM&NT 2012 conference, the decision was made that Institute of Physics, University of Tartu would organise the next event in Tartu in 2013. FM&NT-2013 was hence held in Tartu (Estonia) from 21–24 April 2013 at the Dorpat Conference Centre.The main selected topics of the conference were: (i) multifunctional materials, (ii) nanomaterials, (iii) materials for sustainable energy applications and (vi) theory. Additionally, the focus in this conference was on studies with the help of synchrotron radiation and other novel light sources such as free electron lasers.The conference provided an opportunity for 300 scientists from 21 countries to meet, establish contacts, exchange knowledge and discuss their research. During the three days of the conference, 14 invited talks were given, 45 oral and five commercial talks by companies were delivered and more than 200 posters were presented and discussed.As an outcome of the conference, 14 contributions were selected as regular papers to be submitted as a special section in Physica Scripta , and they are published in this issue. Additionally, 62 papers submitted based on the conference contributions, were included in IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering and are available at http://iopscience.iop.org/1757-899X/49/1. Additional information about FM&NT-2013 is available at its homepage http://fmnt.ut.ee/. Future information regarding the conference will be published on the website.Photograph. Participants of FM&NT-2013, the photo was taken in front of the Science Centre AHHAA on 23 April 2013.AcknowledgementThe Organizing Committee would like to thank all the speakers, contributors, session chairs and other staff involved for their personal efforts in making FM&NT-2013 successful and memorable. We express our thanks to all the authors for their research contribution presented in this issue. We express our gratitude to all of the reviewers and editors with special thanks to the Editor-in-Chief of Physica Scripta Dr Suzy Lidström, who took part of the conference with an invited talk. The efforts of members of the IOP Publishing team, especially the publisher Yasmin McGlashan, and the guest editor from the local organizing committee Dr Rainer Pärna, are also gratefully acknowledged.We would like to acknowledge financial support by Tartu University Development Fund, Estonian national projects supporting Materials Science, Science Internationalisation and Centre of Excellence programs based on the contribution of the European Structural Funds and Estonian national funding. Also, the graduate school on ‘Functional Materials and Technologies’ supported by the European Social Fund has given a generous contribution to assist in the participation of our early stage researchers. This support is gratefully acknowledged. We also would like to acknowledge and thank all the sponsors, companies (Raith, Bruker, Vistec Lithography, Saint-Tech, The Doma Group, Armgate and American Elements) who create conditions for our everyday research in the Baltics. We hope that the continuation of the tradition introduced with this conference will strengthen the international cooperation of scientists from Baltic states with researchers from other countries. In particular, we very much value the communication between new generations of researches which takes place, ensuring the fruitful development of science in our countries.The Organizing Committee hopes that the conference FM&NT-2013 gave the participants good insight into recent progress in nanotechnology, sustainable energetics, the processing and modelling of multifunctional materials and research enabled by the use of synchrotron radiation or other novel light sources such as free electron lasers. We sincerely hope that the conference has provided support for the circulation of information and brought together many young and experienced scientists from different fields, leading to fruitful discussions. We hope that all of the participants had an ejoyable and memorable time in Tartu. We welcome you back in the future.

John Edmond Walsh

Most lattice studies of hot and dense QCD matter rely on extrapolation from zero or imaginary chemical potentials. The ill-posedness of numerical analytic continuation puts severe limitations on the reliability of such methods. We studied the QCD chiral transition at finite real baryon density with the more direct sign reweighting approach. We simulate up to a baryochemical potential-temperature ratio of \mu_B/T=2.7μB/T=2.7, covering the RHIC Beam Energy Scan range, and penetrating the region where methods based on analytic continuation are unpredictive. This opens up a new window to study QCD matter at finite \mu_BμB from first principles. This conference contribution is based on Ref. [1].

HintergrundWissenschaft-Praxis-Kooperationen im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD) bieten das Potenzial, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in die Praxis und praxisbezogene Fragestellungen in die Forschung zu integrieren. Bestehende Kooperationen können Einblicke in strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen liefern. Bislang existiert in Deutschland jedoch keine systematische Erhebung. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, Wissenschaft-Praxis-Kooperationen im ÖGD systematisch zu identifizieren und zu analysieren.MethodikIn einem strukturierten Screeningprozess wurden verschiedene Datenquellen aus dem Zeitraum von 2015–2024 systematisch durchsucht: (i) Google™, (ii) Kongress--Bände, (iii) wissenschaftliche Datenbanken, (iv) Datenbanken für graue Literatur, ergänzt um eine (v) Online-Umfrage, ein (vi) Snowballing und (vii) den Einbezug des Netzwerks des EvidenzÖGD-Projektkonsortiums. Die identifizierten Kooperationen wurden anhand verschiedener Strukturmerkmale kategorisiert und deskriptiv mittels nach Subgruppen aufgeschlüsselter Häufigkeitsanalysen ausgewertet.ErgebnisseEs wurden insgesamt 611 Wissenschaft-Praxis-Kooperationen im ÖGD identifiziert – vor allem über Kongressbeiträge. Im betrachteten Zeitraum zeigt sich eine Zunahme an Kooperationen. Viele bezogen sich thematisch auf klassische ÖGD-Handlungsfelder und wurden meist auf kommunaler Ebene umgesetzt. Die Koordination war zwischen wissenschaftlichen und ÖGD-Institutionen fast gleich verteilt, während die geografische Umsetzung durch westliche Flächenländer geprägt war.FazitDiese Übersicht über Wissenschaft-Praxis-Kooperationen ermöglicht umfassende Einblicke in eine komplexe und vielschichtige Kooperationslandschaft. Aufbauend bietet sich viel Potenzial für tiefergehende Analysen, z. B. zur Untersuchung förderlicher wie hinderlicher Faktoren der Zusammenarbeit sowie zum besseren Verständnis räumlicher und thematischer Cluster.Zusatzmaterial onlineZusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00103-025-04161-y) enthalten.

A digital course on signal processing has been developed and has run during the months March and April of this year. The educational model underlying the project focused on issues like: Information, Communication and Interactivity. Special attention was paid to communication by supplying the student ample abilities for shared workspaces and other tools for group collaboration. Templates for several kinds of assignments and tests have been developed.Object technology and browser technology have been extensively used in completing the course. Part of the object model is described in this paper. The pedagogical results of the course in comparison with a more traditional approach were evaluated. The results are presented in the conference contribution.

There is now a small but growing scientific literature on what are nowadays called ‘supermax’ or ‘control unit’ prisons to which Lorna Rhodes’s book has provided a timely and scholarly addition. Although Rhodes eschews the use of ‘supermax’ in favour of the more mundane maximum security prison in the title, she gives us an ethnographic account of life within facilities whose primary purpose is the administrative control of prisoners routinely and blithely, though by no means uncontroversially, described by American correctional officials and their political masters as the ‘worst of the worst’. The book arises as a result of a Mental Health Collaboration between the Washington State Department of Corrections, who funded the research, and the School of Nursing at the University of Washington under the direction of David Allen. That collaboration followed the recognition that large and growing numbers of mentally ill persons were entering the prison system. Other papers and conference contributions from Rhodes and her colleagues, particularly on who lives in supermax custody and the boundaries between prison and health authorities in dealing with disturbed offenders, already form part of the literature. Not surprisingly, Rhodes, an anthropologist who had previously studied the state mental hospital, focuses her attention—as the subtitle implies—on ‘the links and tensions between madness (psychiatric and otherwise) and reason (the presumed rationality of people and systems) as they are contained and expressed in conditions of total confinement’ (p. xii). Given the current concerns in England and Wales about the care and management of persons with so-called Dangerous Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD), all those concerned with current policy and practice in that area would do well to read this book, as would other students of prison society.

This paper discusses the following topics: meson spectroscopy; hybrid search; mesons with unusual quantum numbers; hadronic jets; high mass dimuons; DO collider detector; High Resolution Spectrometer; B factory; Mark II Z/degree/ physics; and SLAC polarization.

This book is a collection of papers, written by specialists in the field, on advanced topics of nuclear fusion diagnostics. The 78 contributions were originally presented at the International Conference on Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion held at Villa Monastero, Italy in September 2001. Both magnetically confined and inertial fusion programmes are quite extensively covered, with more emphasis given to the former scheme. In the case of magnetic confinement, since the present international programme is strongly focused on next-step devices, particular attention is devoted to techniques and technologies viable in an environment with strong neutron fluxes. Indeed, in the first section, the various methods are considered in the perspective of performing the measurements of the relevant parameters in conditions approaching a burning plasma, mainly in the Tokamak configuration. The most demanding requirements, like the implications of the use of tritium and radiation resistance, are reviewed and the most challenging open issues, which require further research and development, are also clearly mentioned.The following three sections are devoted to some of the most recent developments in plasma diagnostics, which are grouped according to the following classification: `Neutron and particle diagnostics', `Optical and x-ray diagnostics' and `Interferometry, Polarimetry and Thomson Scattering'. In these chapters, several of the most recent results are given, covering measurements taken on the most advanced experiments around the world. Here the developments described deal more with the requirements imposed by the physical issues to be studied. They are therefore more focused on the approaches adopted to increase the spatial and time resolution of the diagnostics, on some methods to improve the characterisation of the turbulence and on fast particles. Good coverage is given to neutron diagnostics, which are assuming increasing relevance as the plasma parameters approach ignition. Spectroscopic systems and their recent developments are well represented, whereas edge diagnostics are somewhat thin on the ground. A dedicated section is devoted to the latest tests on radiation effects and technological issues. The problems of damage to optical components and the difficulties presented by the determination of the tritium inventory are described.In the last part, the new diagnostic systems of the most recent experiments (under construction or recently operated) are reported. Various aspects of some diagnostics not included in the three previous sections are also covered, with particular emphasis on microwaves and infrared diagnostics.The book is well suited for specialists and, more generally, for people involved in nuclear fusion, who need information about the most recent developments in the field of plasma diagnostics. The papers cover many aspects of the challenges and possible solutions for performing measurements in fusion machines approaching reactor conditions. On the other hand, the contributions are in general quite advanced and would be challenging for people without a significant background in plasma diagnostics and nuclear fusion. The quality of the paper is more than satisfactory both from the point of view of clarity and of graphics. Moreover, at the beginning of the book, several papers make a considerable effort to put diagnostic issues in the wider context of present day nuclear fusion research. For those topics, which are too involved to be completely described in a conference contribution, in general adequate references are provided for deeper investigation.A MurariApproximately one third of the papers included in this volume deal with diagnostics related to inertial confinement fusion plasmas (i.e., laser-produced plasmas and pulsed-power). These papers discuss recent developments in charged particle diagnostics, neutron diagnostics, optical and x-ray measurements along with laser and particle probing diagnostics. The resulting collection of papers is comprehensive and wide-ranging and all of the major laboratories in Europe, the US, and Japan are represented. There is important discussion on the development of diagnostics for the National Ignition Facility, LMJ, and future ultra-high intensity laser experiments as well as papers on wire array z-pinch experiments. It is especially useful to have the contributions from inertial confinement fusion experiments intermingled with those from magnetic confinement fusion. The separation between these two approaches to fusion is often unfortunately large, so one of the pleasing things about this book is that it is very easy for readers familiar with experimental research in one area to compare `state of the art' plasma diagnostics in the other area. Hopefully this will facilitate the development of new ideas in both areas. This book is a conference proceedings and as such, almost all of the papers included are quite brief and are highly technical. Consequently, the book is not particularly pedagogical and would be most useful to researchers already working in this area of physics. For these readers, however, Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Confinement Fusion is an excellent overview of the present status of fusion plasma diagnostics.K Krushelnick

Recently, we have suggested a scale-invariant model for a nano-transistor. In agreement with experiments a close-to-linear thresh-old trace was found in the calculated ID - VD-traces separating the regimes of classically allowed transport and tunneling transport. In this conference contribution, the relevant physical quantities in our model and its range of applicability are discussed in more detail. Extending the temperature range of our studies it is shown that a close-to-linear thresh-old trace results at room temperatures as well. In qualitative agreement with the experiments the ID - VG-traces for small drain voltages show thermally activated transport below the threshold gate voltage. In contrast, at large drain voltages the gate-voltage dependence is weaker. As can be expected in our relatively simple model, the theoretical drain current is larger than the experimental one by a little less than a decade.

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) should, on the one hand, provide theoretical and practical knowledge to students and, on the other hand, make valuable contributions to theoretical knowledge and provide new insights by means of research. However, HEIs have to face changing and increasing demands with respect to what they are expected to achieve. Education and research issues are no longer enough, what matters today is the so called “third mission”. A specific example for implementing a third mission is the cooperation between HEIs and business incubators. With this in mind, a local consortium consisting of regional HEIs, e.g. Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, as well as public and private institutions and partners initiated and established an incubator hub for the region Bonn/Rhein-Sieg in 2016, called “Digital Hub Region Bonn”. This conference contribution reports on our experience with regards to this cooperation approach resulting from the above- mentioned case. Furthermore the pros and cons as well as some issues of this kind of cooperation will be discussed. Last but not least this paper initiates the opportunity to share and compare the experiences of other university business incubators in Africa as well as in Germany. As we will describe, the financial investment of HEIs in a joint-incubator with other public as well as private partners offers substantial benefits, such as mutual know-how transfer from HEIs to the economy and vice versa. This strengthens entrepreneurial mindsets and activities and contributes to the development and growth of the local economy. Consequently, this cooperation sometimes creates challenges at various levels, for example due to differing interests between HEIs and business partners. This conference contribution offers approaches to solve these issues and to support private public partnership in business incubation. Published In: Munyoki, Bode (Eds.): Universities, Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development in Africa - Conference Proceedings 2017. Nairobi, Kenya, 19. July 2017