Nonlinear readout signal processing using the DataWave video signal processor

A comparative study between two types of tool wear monitoring systems for milling processes is introduced in this paper. The suggested sensory fusion approach includes the implementation of an infrared camera, in addition to force, vibration, sound and acoustic emission sensors. The majority of the research work available in literature and industry focuses on using one dimensional signals, such as force, vibration. Two dimensional data, such as infrared and visual images, are limited in literature in relation to machining operations. This work compares between one dimensional and two dimensional data for the development of a tool condition monitoring system for milling processes. The paper presents a comparative study between the performance of signal and image processing algorithms using neural networks. Fourier Transformation and Wavelets analysis are used to process one dimensional and Two dimensional data respectively. The results indicate that two dimensional data obtained from infrared images has significant capability in comparison to one dimensional data for the detection of tool wear for the selected image and signal processing algorithms.

The author outlines the performance assessment process currently used for development of Jindalee Australia Air Force over-the-horizon radar signal processing and tracking algorithm. The associated software tools provide an automated testing facility for new signal processing algorithms with numerical figure-of-merit output. Users can automatically test new algorithms over a large standard set of input replay tapes to assess the performance of the signal processing sequence over a large set of environmental and target conditions. >

Real-time applications often analyze data coming from sensor networks using relational and domain-specific operations such as signal processing and machine learning algorithms. To support such increasingly important scenarios, many data management systems integrate with numerical frameworks like R. Such solutions, however, incur significant performance penalties as relational engines and numerical tools operate on fundamentally different data models with expensive inter-communication mechanisms. In addition, none of these solutions supports efficient real-time and incremental analysis. In this work, we advocate a deep integration of domain-specific operations into general-purpose query processors with the goal of providing unified query and data models for both online and offline processing. Our proof-of-concept system tightly integrates relational and digital signal processing operations and achieves orders of magnitude better performance than existing loosely-coupled data management systems.

This paper describes an investigation of the discrimination of heavy and light space objects based on infrared (IR) multi-spectral surveillance data. A time-sequence model of sensor measurements was used to produce test data, upon which the signal processing and discrimination algorithms were to be tested. The signal processing algorithms are based primarily on the estimation of the sinusoid that modulates the signal in the three IR bands, this frequency being one useful discrimination feature. Both frequency domain and novel-time domain techniques were investigated. The time domain technique employs binary median filtering of the original time sequence of measurements with its quadratically modeled trend removed. A second feature for discrimination is also proposed, based upon the quality of fit of the estimated sinusoid to the original time sequence. This combination of features from multiple IR bands was fused using the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and the polynomial neural network (PNN), which were shown to provide excellent discrimination of the two target classes of interest.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

In the past decade, the proliferation of mobile devices has increased at a spectacular rate. There are now more than 3.3 billion active cell phones in the world-a device that we now all depend on in our daily lives. The current generation of devices employs a combination of general-purpose processors, digital signal processors, and hardwired accelerators to provide giga-operations-per-second performance on milliWatt power budgets. Such heterogeneous organizations are inefficient to build and maintain, as well as waste silicon area and power. Looking forward to the next generation of mobile computing, computation requirements will increase by one to three orders of magnitude due to higher data rates, increased complexity algorithms, and greater computation diversity but the power requirements will be just as stringent. Scaling of existing approaches will not suffice instead the inherent computational efficiency, programmability, and adaptability of the hardware must change. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes an example architecture, referred to as AnySP, for the next generation mobile signal processing. AnySP uses a co-design approach where the next generation wireless signal processing and high-definition video algorithms are analyzed to create a domain specific programmable architecture. At the heart of AnySP is a configurable single-instruction multiple-data datapath that is capable of processing wide vectors or multiple narrow vectors simultaneously. In addition, deeper computation subgraphs can be pipelined across the single-instruction multiple-data lanes. These three operating modes provide high throughput across varying application types. Results show that AnySP is capable of sustaining 4G wireless processing and high-definition video throughput rates, and will approach the 1000 Mops/mW efficiency barrier when scaled to 45nm.

The object of the study is the procedures for automated design and analysis of digital signal processing algorithms on the SoC technology platform. The subject of the study is models, methods and procedures for designing and optimal selection of SoC components for the implementation of digital signal processing algorithms for audio spectrum. The aim of the study is to develop models and procedures for determining the possibilities of a compromise distribution of signal processing algorithm computations in the cycle of computer-aided design on the SoC technology platform in terms of performance and the feasibility of using hardware and software algorithms realization. The article solves the following tasks: consideration of the procedures for interacting the processor core with programmable logic as part of system-on-chip systems; development of procedures for computer-aided design and analysis of signal processing systems using programming languages and hardware description languages for the implementation of embedded systems. The following methods are being used: implementation of digital signal processing algorithms in the C programming language and high-level synthesis tools for realizing IP blocks, diagnostic experiment by generating test signal patterns, and analysis of the processing results at the system output. The results achieved. Based on the analysis of the procedures for the interaction of the processor core and programmable logic on the selected SoC platform, a model of the audio spectrum signal processing system is designed. The practical implementation was performed based on the Vivado/Vitis/Vitis HLS CAD tool stack. The proposed model was verified using a programmable test signal generator and analyzing the obtained characteristics of digital filters at the system output. Conclusions. The article analyzes the principles of designing embedded information processing systems implemented in system-on-chip. The principles of building and analyzing digital signal processing systems based on system-on-chip containing programmable logic and processor parts are considered. The developed methods have been tested on the algorithms of CIC and FIR filters on the technological platform of SoC FPGA of the ZYNQ-7000 family of Xilinx company.

The fastest programmable DSP processors are unable to meet the speed requirements of many advanced signal processing applications. SlMD machines have been a preferred solution in such applications because of their inherent spatial parallelism. In such machines, a control unit (CU) broadcasts simple machine instructions simultaneously to a number of processing elements (PEs) executing the same instruction on different data The performance of such architectures can be vastly enhanced if the PEs can execute at the level of signal processing function rather than low level machine instruction. This can be made possible if the PEs are so designed that they can receive and execute functional level instruction from the CU instead of simple machine level instruction. FPGAs have emerged as high performance flexible hardware for many signal processing applications but they are not optimised for any particular application. Hence, they can not offer highest possible performance at lowest silicon cost for a given signal processing algorithm. This paper addresses these issues by introducing a new reconfigurable DSP processor, "single function multiple data (SFMD)" which eliminates the drawbacks of conventional SIMD machines and offers a balance between flexibility, reconfiguration latency and performance

This paper proposes an approach to the classification of respiration states based on a neural network model by visualizing respiratory signals using a spectrogram. The analysis and processing of human biosignals are still considered some of the most crucial and fundamental research areas in both signal processing and medical applications. Recently, learning-based algorithms in signal and image processing for medical applications have shown significant improvement from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Human respiration is still considered an important factor for diagnosis, and it plays a key role in preventing fatal diseases in practice. This paper chiefly deals with a contactless-based approach for the acquisition of respiration data using an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar sensor because it is simple and easy for use in an experimental setup and shows high accuracy in distance estimation. This paper proposes the classification of respiratory states by using a feature visualization scheme, a spectrogram, and a neural network model. The proposed method shows competitive and promising results in the classification of respiratory states. The experimental results also show that the method provides better accuracy (precision: 0.86 and specificity: 0.90) than conventional methods that use expensive equipment for respiration measurement.

Identification of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) sites is crucial for the development of new AF ablation strategies. CFAE may represent the electrophysiological substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF). Progress in signal processing algorithms is the key part of this task. Algorithm for automated description of atrial electrograms (A-EGMs) fractionation based on wavelet transform and several feature extraction methods and statistical pattern recognition was proposed and methodology of A-EGM processing was designed and tested. The algorithms for signal processing, description and classification were developed and validated using a representative set of 1:5 s A-EGMs (n = 113) ranked by 3 independent experts into 4 classes of fractionation: 1 – organized atrial activity; 2 – mild; 3 – intermediate; 4 – high degree of fractionation. The optimization algorithms for finding new feature extraction and classification algorithms are used and tested here. The performance of the optimization to find useful setup of A-EGM signal processing and classification is documented and showed. Mean classification error over all classes by more different algorithms varied from ~ 4 to ~ 8 %. Such fully automatic setups of algorithms for A-EGMs complexity description that do not need operator interaction may be easily incorporated into mapping systems to assist and guide AF substrate ablation.KeywordsAtrial fibrillationcatheter ablationcomplex fractionated atrial electrogramsclassificationoptimization

This paper gives an overview of the majorization-minimization (MM) algorithmic framework, which can provide guidance in deriving problem-driven algorithms with low computational cost. A general introduction of MM is presented, including a description of the basic principle and its convergence results. The extensions, acceleration schemes, and connection to other algorithmic frameworks are also covered. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, upperbounds for a large number of basic functions, derived based on the Taylor expansion, convexity, and special inequalities, are provided as ingredients for constructing surrogate functions. With the pre-requisites established, the way of applying MM to solving specific problems is elaborated by a wide range of applications in signal processing, communications, and machine learning.

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a Monte Carlo-based implementation of the Kalman filter (KF) for extremely high-dimensional, possibly nonlinear, and non-Gaussian state estimation problems. Its ability to handle state dimensions in the order of millions has made the EnKF a popular algorithm in different geoscientific disciplines. Despite a similarly vital need for scalable algorithms in signal processing, e.g., to make sense of the ever increasing amount of sensor data, the EnKF is hardly discussed in our field.This self-contained review is aimed at signal processing researchers and provides all the knowledge to get started with the EnKF. The algorithm is derived in a KF framework, without the often encountered geoscientific terminology. Algorithmic challenges and required extensions of the EnKF are provided, as well as relations to sigma point KF and particle filters. The relevant EnKF literature is summarized in an extensive survey and unique simulation examples, including popular benchmark problems, complement the theory with practical insights. The signal processing perspective highlights new directions of research and facilitates the exchange of potentially beneficial ideas, both for the EnKF and high-dimensional nonlinear and non-Gaussian filtering in general.

Applying numerical linear algebra techniques to analyzing algorithms in signal processing

Data acquisition and Signal Processing is an important part of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system. In recent year P2ET-LIPI was developing FMCW navigation radar system in portable size. The main component of data acquisition for navigation radar is highspeed Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) USB-2020 board and signal processing algorithm has been developed using Visual C# 2015 Community Edition. USB-2020 board has two channel ADC on board with 12 bits resolution and operated in a burst-io mode to get maximum sampling rate at 20 MS/s. A timing generator for synchronization between ADC and linear frequency modulation (LFM) chirp generator is developed using Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) Max II series based on VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL). Signal processing unit consists of windowing function to reduce side- lobe suppression, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) function to get range information and adaptive threshold using three algorithms of Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR): Cell Averaging (CA), Order Statistic (OS) and Variable Index (VI) CFAR. The experiment shows that the data acquisition module can capture In-phase and Quadrature (I/Q) beat signal and signal processing algorithm can detect object/target from the noise.

The PLDSP is a reconfigurable computing and signal processing architecture. It uses FPGA technology to allow custom signal processing functions to be implemented which can run at rates comparable to real-time dedicated hardware but with easy software-based reconfiguration. Using this methodology, some kinds of algorithms can be made to perform at speeds many times faster than a general purpose computer or even a DSP chip. Depending on the amount of parallelism, processing speeds can easily be in the range of billions of operations per second. It may also be used for rapid prototyping and development of IP which may eventually be implemented in custom ASIC devices. This paper describes the key features of the PLDSP board and several plug in modules. Several applications from signal and image processing are described and their implementation, performance, and resource usage are reviewed.

A new adaptive algorithm for system identification and adaptive signal processing has been proposed in this paper. The algorithm can be viewed as a combination of the output-error type and the equation-error type of identifier (that is, a combination of the IIR adaptive filter and the FIR adaptive filter in signal-processing applications). It has been shown both mathematically and by computer simulation that the proposed algorithm can guarantee the globally asymptotical stability. The transient behaviour of the algorithm is better than the conventional output-error type of identifier, especially in the case where the system (signal model) has its eigenvalues on the unit circle. Under certain conditions on the system model (signal model), no moving average (MA) smoothing of the generalized error is needed for the strictly positive realness (SPR) conditions.