Nonlinear technological functions for aquifers whose transmissivities vary with drawdown

In this paper, some cases of wave-like equation have been solved by modified new iterative method as an infinite power series but it is impossible to compute the infinite series, therefore, the truncated power series was approximated by Pade approximation. Pade approximation approximates a truncated power series as ratio of two polynomials to reduce calculations and shorten the power series while maintaining accuracy. These cases are shown the successful use of solution approximation by Pade approximation compared to power series expansion.

<p>The Ambartsumian delay differential equation with a variable coefficient is considered in this paper. An effective transformation is produced to convert the extended Ambartsumian equation to the pantograph model. Two kinds of analytical solutions are determined. The first solution is expressed as an exponential function multiplied by an infinite power series. The second solution is obtained as an infinite series in terms of exponential functions. Several exact solutions are established for different forms of the extended Ambartsumian equation under specific relations. In addition, the convergence analysis is addressed theoretically. Moreover, numeric calculations are conducted to estimate the accuracy. The results reveal that the present analysis is efficient and accurate and can be further applied to similar delay models in a straightforward manner.</p>

Mityagin posed the problem, whether complemented subspaces of nuclear infinite type power series spaces have a basis. A related more general question was asked by Pełczyński. It is well known for a complemented subspace $E$ of a nuclear infinite type power series space, that its diametral dimension can be represented by $\Delta E = \Delta {\Lambda _\infty }(\alpha )$ for a suitable sequence $\alpha$ with ${\alpha _j} \geq \ln (j + 1)$. In this article we prove the existence of a basis for $E$ in case that ${\alpha _j} \geq j$ and $\sup \tfrac {{{\alpha _{2j}}}}{{{\alpha _j}}} < \infty$.

Low Prandtl number convection in porous media is relevant to modern applications of transport phenomena in porous media such as the process of solidification of binary alloys. The transition from steady convection to chaos is analysed by using Adomian's decomposition method to obtain an analytical solution in terms of infinite power series. The practical need to evaluate the solution and obtain numerical values from the infinite power series, the consequent series truncation, and the practical procedure to accomplish this task, transform the analytical results into a computational solution evaluated up to a finite accuracy. The solution shows a transition from steady convection to chaos via a Hopf bifurcation producing a 'solitary limit cycle’ which may be associated with an homoclinic explosion. This occurs at a slightly subcritical value of Rayleigh number, the critical value being associated with the loss of linear stability of the steady convection solution. Periodic windows within the broad band of parameter regime where the chaotic solution persists are identified and analysed. It is evident that the further transition from chaos to a high Rayleigh number periodic convection occurs via a period halving sequence of bifurcations.

(NOTE: Every chapter ends with Questions to Guide Your Review, Practice Exercises, and Additional Exercises.) P. Preliminaries. Real Numbers and the Real Line. Coordinates, Lines, and Increments. Functions. Shifting Graphs. Trigonometric Functions. 1. Limits and Continuity. Rates of Change and Limits. Rules for Finding Limits. Target Values and Formal Definitions of Limits. Extensions of the Limit Concept. Continuity. Tangent Lines. 2. Derivatives. The Derivative of a Function. Differentiation Rules. Rates of Change. Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions. The Chain Rule. Implicit Differentiation and Rational Exponents. Related Rates of Change. 3. Applications of Derivatives. Extreme Values of Functions. The Mean Value Theorem. The First Derivative Test for Local Extreme Values. Graphing with y e and y . Limits as x a a, Asymptotes, and Dominant Terms. Optimization. Linearization and Differentials. Newton's Method. 4. Integration. Indefinite Integrals. Differential Equations, Initial Value Problems, and Mathematical Modeling. Integration by Substitution--Running the Chain Rule Backward. Estimating with Finite Sums. Riemann Sums and Definite Integrals. Properties, Area, and the Mean Value Theorem. Substitution in Definite Integrals. Numerical Integration. 5. Applications of Integrals. Areas Between Curves. Finding Volumes by Slicing. Volumes of Solids of Revolution--Disks and Washers. Cylindrical Shells. Lengths of Plan Curves. Areas of Surfaces of Revolution. Moments and Centers of Mass. Work. Fluid Pressures and Forces. The Basic Pattern and Other Modeling Applications. 6. Transcendental Functions. Inverse Functions and Their Derivatives. Natural Logarithms. The Exponential Function. ax and logax. Growth and Decay. L'Hopital's Rule. Relative Rates of Growth. Inverse Trigonomic Functions. Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions Integrals. Hyperbolic Functions. First Order Differential Equations. Euler's Numerical Method Slope Fields. 7. Techniques of Integration. Basic Integration Formulas. Integration by Parts. Partial Fractions. Trigonometric Substitutions. Integral Tables and CAS. Improper Integrals. 8. Infinite Series. Limits of Sequences of Numbers. Theorems for Calculating Limits of Sequences. Infinite Series. The Integral Test for Series of Nonnegative Terms. Comparison Tests for Series of Nonnegative Terms. The Ratio and Root Tests for Series of Nonnegative Terms. Alternating Series, Absolute and Conditional Convergence. Power Series. Taylor and Maclaurin Series. Convergence of Taylor Series Error Estimates. Applications of Power Series. 9. Conic Sections, Parametrized Curves, and Polar Coordinates. Conic Sections and Quadratic Equations. Classifying Conic Sections by Eccentricity. Quadratic Equations and Rotations. Parametrizations of Plan Curves. Calculus with Parametrized Curves. Polar Coordinates. Graphing in Polar Coordinates. Polar Equations for Conic Sections. Integration in Polar Coordinates. 10. Vectors and Analytic Geometry in Space. Vectors in the Plane. Cartesian (Rectangular) Coordinates and Vectors in Space. Dot Products. Cross Products. Lines and Planes in Space. Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces. Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates. 11. Vector-Valued Functions and Motion in Space. Vector-Valued Functions and Space Curves. Modeling Projectile Motion. Arc Length and the Unit Tangent Vector T. Curvature, Torison, and the TNB Frame. Planetary Motion and Satellites. 12. Multivariable Functions and Partial Derivatives. Functions of Several Variables. Limits and Continuity. Partial Derivatives. Differentiability, Linearization, and Differentials. The Chain Rule. Partial Derivatives with Constrained Variables. Directional Derivatives, Gradient Vectors, and Tangent Planes. Extreme Values and Saddle Points. Lagrange Multipliers. Taylor's Formula. 13. Multiple Integrals. Double Integrals. Areas, Moments, and Centers of Mass. Double Integrals in Polar Form. Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates. Masses and Moments in Three Dimensions. Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates. Substitutions in Multiple Integrals. 14. Integration in Vector Fields. Line Integrals. Vector Fields, Work, Circulation, and Flux. Path Independence, Potential Functions, and Conservative Fields. Green's Theorem in the Plane. Surface Area and Surface Integrals. Parametrized Surfaces. Stokes's Theorem. The Divergence Theorem and a Unified Theory. Appendices. Mathematical Induction. Proofs of Limit Theorems in Section 1.2. Complex Numbers. Simpson's One-Third Rule. Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem and the Stronger Form of L'Hopital's Rule. Limits that Arise Frequently. The Distributive Law for Vector Cross Products. Determinants and Cramer's Rule. Euler's Theorem and the Increment Theorem.

A thin plate of exponentially varying thickness is loaded axisymmetrically and is minimized for volume satisfying two constraints. In addition, the material is homogeneous and isotropic. Thus, minimum volume yields minimum weight. Only uniform load is considered. Such a combination of constraints may be required for pressure-sensitive devices and where clearances are tight. The state of stress in the plate remains everywehre elastic. A major contention of this paper is that volume minimization of thin plates should be considered in terms of certain classes of diametral shapes. Starting with the differential equation of equilibrium and von Mises' yield equation, the necessary mathematics is developed to effect the minimization process, and the resulting equations, containing infinite power series, are solved on the digital computer. A few representative design curves are plotted for wide ranges of values of the variables for the plate simply supported at the boundary. Sample calculations are given.

BFT Hamiltonian embedding of non-Abelian self-dual model

Free axisymmetric vibrations of circular plates of linearly varying thickness have been studied on the basis of classical theory of plates. The differential equation governing the motion of such plates have been solved by Frobenius method. The transverse displacement has been expressed as an infinite power series in the radial coordinate. Frequency parameters have been computed for the first three modes of vibration for clamped as well as simply supported circular plates corresponding to different values of taper constant.

Analytical investigating of the patterns of relaxation (volume-charge) polarization in dielectric materials class hydrogen bonded crystals (HBC) in the wide range of temperature (11500 K) and polarizing field strengths (100 kV/m100 MV/m) in alternating field at frequencies of about 1 kHz10 MHz is made. The generalized nonlinear by the polarizing field the semi-classical kinetic equation of proton relaxation, having (in this model) sense the protons current continuity equation solving by method of successive approximation by decomposition in infinite power series in comparison parameter is built. It is established that in the range of low fields (1001000 kV/m) and high temperatures (100250 K) the generalized kinetic equation is converted to the linearized Fokker-Planck equation and at low (70100 K) and sufficiently high (250450 K) temperatures are showed the nonlinear polarization effects caused respectively by proton tunneling and volume charge relaxation. With ultra - low (110 K) and ultra-high (5001500 K) temperatures in the range of high fields (10 MV/m100 MV/m) the contribution of such effects to the polarization is amplified. The influence of the non-linearities to relaxation times for microscopic acts of transitions protons through the potential barrier is studied.

It has been known that uniformization of a beam with a Gaussian profile is possible utilizing odd-order nonlinear focusing in the beam transport system, and this has recently been employed for uniform beam irradiation. Here, we have theoretically studied uniformization of the transverse beam profile using nonlinear-focusing forces produced by multipole magnets in detail. In the case where the nonlinear field of the multipole magnet is given by an infinite power series, all the odd-order multipole strengths required for uniformization of a Gaussian beam and the extent of the resultant uniform region have been expressed using the Twiss parameters. We have shown the principle of uniformization using even-order nonlinear fields. We have also actually demonstrated the transformation of a beam with an asymmetric distribution into one with a uniform distribution by utilizing nonlinear focusing, especially with the sextupole and octupole fields. The validity of the formulas presented here was confirmed through particle-tracking simulations. A practical method to realize a uniform profile using beam collimation and octupole focusing is also presented.

We develop an asymptotic analysis of target fluxes in the three-dimensional (3D) narrow capture problem. The latter concerns a diffusive search process in which the targets are much smaller than the size of the search domain. The small target assumption allows us to use matched asymptotic expansions and Green's functions to solve the diffusion equation in Laplace space. In particular, we derive an asymptotic expansion of the Laplace transformed flux into each target in powers of the nondimensionalized target size $\epsilon$. One major advantage of working directly with fluxes is that one can generate statistical quantities, such as splitting probabilities and conditional first passage time moments, without having to solve a separate boundary value problem in each case. However, in order to derive asymptotic expansions of these quantities, it is necessary to eliminate Green's function singularities that arise in the limit $s\rightarrow 0$, where $s$ is the Laplace variable. We achieve this by considering a triple expansion in $\epsilon$, $s$, and $\Lambda\sim \epsilon /s$. This allows us to perform partial summations over infinite power series in $\Lambda$, which leads to multiplicative factors of the form $\Lambda^n/(1+\Lambda)^n $. Since $\Lambda^n/(1+\Lambda)^n \rightarrow 1$ as $s\rightarrow 0$, the singularities in $s$ are eliminated. We then show how corresponding asymptotic expansions of the splitting probabilities and conditional mean first passage times (MFPTs) can be derived in the small-$s$ limit. The resulting expressions agree with previous asymptotic expansions derived by solving a separate boundary value problem for each statistical quantity, although each expansion was only carried out to second order in the expansions. Here we also determine the third order contributions, which are $O(\epsilon^2)$ and $O(\epsilon)$ in the cases of the splitting probabilities and conditional (MFPTs), respectively. Finally, we illustrate the theory by considering a pair of targets in a spherical search domain, for which the Green's functions can be calculated explicitly.

Free Vibration Analysis Of Two-Layered Shells Of Revolution

We first consider a summation procedure for some trigonometric series in terms of the Riemann zeta and related functions. In some cases these series can be brought in closed form, which means that the infinite series are represented by finite sums. Afterwards, we show some applications of our results to the summation of series involving Bessel or Struve functions. Further, relying on results from the previous sections, we obtain sums of series involving a Bessel or Struve integral. These series are also represented as series in terms of the Riemann zeta and related functions of reciprocal powers and can be brought in closed form in certain cases as well. By replacing the function appearing in a Bessel and Struve integral with particular functions, we find sums of new series.

Obtaining exact solutions of the spherically symmetric general relativistic gravitational field equations describing the interior structure of an isotropic fluid sphere is a long standing problem in theoretical and mathematical physics. The usual approach to this problem consists mainly in the numerical investigation of the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff and of the mass continuity equations, which describes the hydrostatic stability of the dense stars. In the present paper we introduce an alternative approach for the study of the relativistic fluid sphere, based on the relativistic mass equation, obtained by eliminating the energy density in the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation. Despite its apparent complexity, the relativistic mass equation can be solved exactly by using a power series representation for the mass, and the Cauchy convolution for infinite power series. We obtain exact series solutions for general relativistic dense astrophysical objects described by the linear barotropic and the polytropic equations of state, respectively. For the polytropic case we obtain the exact power series solution corresponding to arbitrary values of the polytropic index $n$. The explicit form of the solution is presented for the polytropic index $n=1$, and for the indexes $n=1/2$ and $n=1/5$, respectively. The case of $n=3$ is also considered. In each case the exact power series solution is compared with the exact numerical solutions, which are reproduced by the power series solutions truncated to seven terms only. The power series representations of the geometric and physical properties of the linear barotropic and polytropic stars are also obtained.

A unified framework is presented for nonlinear (and, in particular, linear) system and signal analysis, whereby a number of problems involving approximation and inversion of nonlinear functions, nonlinear functionals, and nonlinear operators, are cast in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) setting, and solved by orthogonal projection methods. The RKHS's used for the above purpose are the "arbitrarily weighted Fock spaces" introduced by de Figueiredo and Dwyer in II] and called in the present paper "generalized Fock (GF) spaces". These spaces consist of polynomials or power series in one or more scalar variables, or of finite (polynomic case) or infinite Volterra functional series in one or more functions, or of finite or infinite Volterra operator series in one or more functions. In each case, the space is equipped with an appropriate weighted inner product, with the option of making the choice of weights depend on the particular problem under consideration. These developments are illustrated by means of various applications, in particular, the modeling of semiconductor device characteristics, best approximation of nonlinear systems, and cancellation of large nonlinear distortion in signals propagating through electronic equipment.