Nursing Theory and Nursing Process

BackgroundThe nursing process is a systematic method of planning, delivering, and evaluating individualized care for clients in any state of health or illness. Many countries have adopted the nursing process as the standard of care to guide nursing practice; however, the problem is its implementation. If nurses fail to carry out the necessary nursing care through the nursing process; the effectiveness of patient progress may be compromised and can lead to preventable adverse events. This study was aimed to assess the implementation of nursing process and associated factors among nurses working in selected hospitals of central and northwest zones of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2015.MethodA cross sectional observational study design was utilized. Data was collected from 200 participants using structured self-administered questionnaire which was contextually adapted from standardized, reliable and validated measures. The data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Data were summarized and described using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationship of independent and dependent variable. Then, finally, data were presented in tables, graphs, frequency percentage of different variables.ResultSeventy (35%) of participants have implemented nursing process. Different factors showed significant association. Nurses who worked in a stressful atmosphere of the workplace were 99% less likely to implement the nursing process than nurses who worked at a very good atmosphere. The nurses with an educational level of BSc. Degree were 6.972 times more likely to implement the nursing process than those who were diploma qualified. Nurses with no consistent material supply to use the nursing process were 95.1% less likely to implement the nursing process than nurses with consistent material supply.ConclusionThe majority of the participants were not implementing the nursing process properly. There are many factors that hinder them from applying the nursing process of which level of education, knowledge of nurses, skill of nurses, atmosphere of the work place, shortage of material supply to use the nursing process and high number of patient load were scientifically significant for the association test.

The nursing process is a problem-solving framework that enables the nursing staff to plan their care for (COVID-19) patients. Aim: this study aims to evaluate the effect of adapting (NANDA) nursing process as an approach of Care on nurses’ performance for COVID-19 Isolated patients. Design: Quasi experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: Isolation departments at Aswan University Hospital. Subjects: All nurses who are workers with (COVID-19) (17 males and 29 females) during the period from the beginning of April 1st 2020 to September 30th 2020. Tools :two tools used to collect the study data, Demographic data, nurses knowledge about COVID-19 and nursing' process application for nursing workers with (COVID-19) patients. Results: More than half of study sample’s age group between 26 < 30 years, females, no training on application of nursing process and half of them have institute education, three quarters of the study sample had satisfactory level of knowledge pre Adapting nursing process, while all study sample had satisfactory post application, highly significant results for total component of nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation) between pre/post Adapting application of nursing process for COVID-19 isolated patients. Also there are positive significant correlation between total component of nursing process and total knowledge post adapting application of nursing process for COVID-19 isolated patients. Conclusions: Results denotes that, improved level of nurses’ knowledge post caring for COVID-19 Isolated patients by using steps of nursing process with highly statistical significant deference’s for total components of nursing process pre/post application. Recommendations: The nursing staff and health care team must be continue educate on the application of the nursing process to emergency situation, nursing administration should develop effective departmental policies and procedures for staff nurses related to application (NANDA) nursing process as an approach of Care for COVID-19 Isolated patients.

This study aims to implement nursing care in a non-hemorrhagic stroke case in an inpatient setting, using Dorothea Orem's nursing model theory. The focus of this case study is to provide comprehensive nursing care to Mr. S based on Orem's conceptual framework. The research method used is a case study with a nursing care approach based on Orem's theory. Data were collected through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and using an assessment format adapted to Orem's nursing theory.The initial assessment of Mr. S revealed a blood pressure of 180/100 mmHg, a pulse rate of 80 beats/min, SpO2 of 95% with 3 lpm of oxygen, and a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min. From this data, two primary nursing problems were identified: the risk of decreased cerebral tissue perfusion and an ineffective breathing pattern. Nursing interventions aligned with the Indonesian Nursing Outcome Standards (SLKI). After three days of nursing care for Mr. S, it was concluded that both nursing interventions had partially resolved the problem. This study recommends that nurses consistently implement and improve the quality of nursing care using Dorothea Orem's self-care theory.

Objective To discuss the risk assessment and nursing prevention of venous thrombosis based on the related materials in domestic and international, and explore the risk assessment and prevention of venous thrombus nursing process in order to provide the guidance for nurse′s clinical work. Methods A total of 7 clinical nursing experts were interviewed by the focus topics interview method at the time of January and May 2013 in one level-three class-A hospital in Beijing. Results After two rounds focus topics interview, the nursing process had been established about venous thrombus risk assessment and prevention including the contents of nursing staffs′ training, thrombus risk assessment, thrombus bleeding assessment and relative equipment use, and so on. Conclusions To draw lessons of the venous thrombosis risk assessment from domestic and international, we establish the nursing prevention process conforming to the situation of China and provide the evidence for the venous thrombosis risk assessment in clinical. Key words: Venous thrombosis; Prevention; Nursing risk assessment; Focus topics interview group

Introduction: Infertility, defined as a woman's inability to conceive and carry a pregnancy, is a significant health concern requiring careful attention and treatment. This study aims to describe the nursing process for a patient with infertility using King's goal attainment model. Case Presentation: The case involves a patient with infertility who has undergone six unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts and declined surrogate uterus transplantation. Following each IVF attempt, the patient experienced renal complications, resulting in three hospitalizations. Data were collected through observations, interviews with the patient and her family, and paraclinical tests and documents. The nursing process was customized according to the patient's preferences. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that the patient was able to interact with nurses but did not adhere to health-promoting behaviors and treatments. The analysis led to eight nursing diagnoses and 25 care goals, with the patient managing to act according to her prioritized goals through the nursing process utilizing King's goal attainment model. These findings underscore the importance of a systematic and structured approach, such as King's goal attainment model, in providing effective nursing care for patients with infertility.

This is an excellent review of the development of self-care deficit theory and the use of self-care in nursing practice. Explanations of the various theories and theory terms are well done and written at a level that novice theorists can relate to. The authors demonstrate how self-care science can be fiscally and effectively applied to the care of patients/clients.--Doody's Medical Reviews Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory has been used as a foundation for nursing practice in healthcare institutions and as the basis of curricula in nursing schools for decades. This book explores the high-level theory of the application of Orem's Self-Care Theory, and how it can improve patient outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness of nursing care delivery. Written for nursing theorists, researchers, administrators, and graduate students, the text addresses the relationship of self-care theory and evidence-based care in nursing, and provides a solution to improving contemporary healthcare outcomes. The book is divided into three sections. Section one discusses the reason for the existence of the nursing profession, and identifies the performance of self-care. Section two covers three nursing practice sciences-wholly compensatory nursing, partly compensatory nursing, and supportive educative nursing. Section three offer suggestions on how health care organizations can incorporate this broadened perspective of what constitutes evidence based practice and on-going research methodology into every-day delivery of nursing services. Key Features: Includes case examples to illustrate the application of theory to nursing practice Provides a current, cost-effective resource for implementing Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory for effective evidence-based practice Builds the link between the application of Orem's Self Care Theory and improved patient and fiscal healthcare outcomes

Objective: to unveil nurses' perceptions about the development of care technology to operationalize the nursing process. Methods: qualitative study, developed with seven intensive care nurses, through a focus group, based on a semi-structured script. The content analysis technique was used to interpret the data, in the light of the Best Practices framework. Results: the content of the focus group was organized into two categories of a priori analysis: Applying resolutive knowledge in the development of care technology for the nursing process and development of technology focused on the nursing process, based on the rational use of resources. Conclusion: nurses conceived care technology as best practice, considering that it was based on scientific evidence. It has developed collaboratively, with rational use of resources, based on a partnership with higher education institutions, and customized according to local context and needs.

The relationship of self-concept and self-care in children with cancer

BackgroundCareer mapping is an effective strategy for providing nurses with a clear direction and a realistic time scale for achieving their career goals. The purpose of this research is to investigate career mapping for nurses at a new hospital in Jakarta.MethodThe study design is qualitative and implements a focussed case study approach. Data were collected from focus group discussions (FGDs) with two groups: one group consisted of eight staff nurses and the other consisted of six nurse managers. An inductive content analysis of all transcripts from the FGDs and of field notes was conducted independently.ResultThis research produced seven themes that together portray the entire career mapping process. In Hospital X, the career map for a particular nurse is based on the level of formal education, the length and nature of their work experience and a competency assessment. A self-assessment process and considerations related to competence in all aspects of nursing have been included in the process for nurses at Hospital X. The idea that nurses should be positioned in a working environment that matches their level of competency is a fundamental principle for nursing managers.ConclusionAs a new hospital, Hospital X has implemented nurse career mapping and striven for accreditation. Career developments not only become the responsibility of an organisation but also the responsibility of individuals to develop themselves and their careers.

This article evaluates three nursing theories that can be used to provide a framework for holistic pediatric oncology nursing practice: the Roy Adaptation Model, the Neuman Systems Model, and the Orem General Theory of Nursing. Each theory is compared in terms of its view of man, health, environment, nursing, and the nursing process. Critique of each theory is presented. The decision of which theorist to use as a basis for practice is left to the individual nurse. This article explicates the similarities and differences in the three theories.

El estudio de caso; determina el grado de comodidad de la persona hospitalizada y cómo la familia aplica medidas necesarias para que está se lleve a cabo en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN) para que el paciente con daño neurológico tenga confort, la muestra esta constituida por una persona con diagnóstico de meningioma grado I. Se utilizó instrumento validado de la teoría de mediano rango, cuestionario general de comodidad (GCQ), desarrollado por la doctora Katharine Kolcaba, se determinaron las necesidades después de la intervención de la familia, quiénes fueron orientado hacia las medidas que podían realizar sin poner en peligro la vida del PE. Altos grados de comodidad fueron encontrados, después de la intervención. Material y métodos: proceso enfermero. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la familia está en capacidad de asumir determinadas responsabilidad en el cuidado del paciente, ayudándolo a afrontar su crisis de enfermedad y favoreciendo de esta manera un cuidado más humano y holístico en los hospitales, siendo un apoyo indispensable para fortalecer el cuidado y mejor evolución del tratamiento.

Ovarian neoplasms are one of the gynecological disorders that are often diagnosed at an advanced stage because the symptoms are not specific. This condition causes various nursing problems ranging from pain, risk of infection, risk of bleeding, to nutritional disorders. This study aims to describe the nursing care process for a post-operative patient diagnosed with cystic ovarian neoplasm. The design used was a case study with a nursing process approach. The research subject was a 44-year-old woman who was treated in the gynecological surgery ward and complained of abdominal enlargement, nausea and vomiting, pain scale 5, leukocytosis, anemia, and poor nutritional status. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and medical record reviews. Four main nursing diagnoses were established, namely acute pain, risk of bleeding, risk of infection, and risk of nutritional deficiency. Interventions included pain management, bleeding prevention, infection prevention, and nutritional management, supported by the collaboration of analgesic and antibiotic administration, as well as nutritional consultation. The results showed a decrease in pain from a scale of 5 to 4, a decrease in drainage from 600 cc to 300 cc, a decrease in leukocytes from 25,660/mm³ to 17,700/mm³, and an increase in food intake, which resulted in an increase in body mass index from 15 to 16.9 kg/m². These findings indicate that nursing interventions can improve patient conditions, although pain management still requires additional interventions to achieve optimal results. The results of this study reinforce the importance of a holistic approach in the care of ovarian cancer patients, especially in the postoperative phase.

Objective To sum up the observation points and nursing measures for patients with subclavian steal syndrome after stent implantation,improve the predictive nursing and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications. Methods Reviewed and summarized the nursing process and experience of 19 cases after stent implantation. Included prevention from complication, discharge guidance,the close observation of vital signs and the changes of disease. Results All 19 patients were cured after stent implantation and no serious complication occurred. Conclusions Endovascular stenting is an effective way for the treatment of subclavian steal syndrome. meticulous nursing and prevention of complications can ensure the success of surgery in the process of treatment. Key words: Nursing care; Subclavian steal syndrome; Stent

RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar o perfil diagnóstico de usuários acometidos pela hanseníase, levantando diagnósticos de enfermagem, com foco no problema conforme a taxonomia II da NANDA-I 2015-2017, à luz do construto do autocuidado de Orem. Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo de delineamento transversal, realizado entre os meses de janeiro a março de 2016, e contemplou uma amostra por conveniência de 40 indivíduos acometidos pela hanseníase atendidos em um ambulatório especializado em hanseníase. Resultados: evidenciados os diagnósticos de Enfermagem com foco no problema, a saber: Dor crônica, Proteção ineficaz, Estilo de vida sedentário, Atividade de recreação deficiente e Fadiga. Conclusão: Em suma evidenciou-se a relevância dos diagnósticos de enfermagem para o planejamento, implementação e avaliação do processo de cuidar em enfermagem à luz da Teoria do Autocuidado de Orem em indivíduos acometidos pela hanseníase.

Pasta is a traditional wheat-based food, whose popularity, indisputable in Italy and progressive in Europe as well as in America and in the East, is essentially due to the nutritional and sensory qualities that have made it an attractive source of carbohydrates, enviable and difficult to replace in a healthy and balanced diet. The overall pasta quality is highly influenced by raw materials and production technologies. As far as the raw material, the protein content and the gluten quality of semolina are crucial factors in achieving good texture and cooking performance of the final product. Among the technological processes, the drying step is the most delicate and important The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of raw material, technological processes and cooking methods on pasta quality. The work is split into three cases study. The object of first case study was to evaluate the effect of semolina from both mono-varietal and commercial mix durum wheat on qualitative characteristics of dry pasta; moreover, for each semolina was conducted a study on the effects of high and very high drying temperature on final product in order to assess if and how drying method could affect pasta. Six monovarietal semolina and two commercial mix were used to produce spaghetti than subjected to drying according to two different drying cycles: high temperature (75 ° C) and very high temperature (90 ° C) drying cycles thus obtaining a total of sixteen samples, two for each semolina sample. In the second case study, was evaluated the cooking quality of alternative cooked pasta with the purpose to understand which may be the best (reducing time and /or energy) alternatives to traditional cooking. Four different hollow shapes coming from the same production lot were used; pasta sample were than underwent to passive cooking and microwave cooking. Pasta quality was evaluated by means of sensory, physical and structural analysis by using traditional cooking as reference Finally the third study aimed to asses the influence of chickpea flour and microwave drying operation on starch digestibility and glycemic index of composite legume-wheat pasta. A substitution of 20% chickpea flour was made with respect to the reference sample (100% semolina). Six pasta samples were prepared from 100% semolina, semolina (80%) and raw chickpea flour (20%), semolina (80%) and cooked chickpea flour; each sample was than subjected to traditional drying (40°C; RH 80%) and an optimized microwave drying.. The results showed that chemical, physical, and sensory analysis were all very sensitive to changes in pasta quality. Raw material, process operations and cooking influenced the qualitative characteristics of pasta. The addition of different ingredients in pasta improved the nutritional characteristics of final product. The use of new technologies of drying brought advantages in terms of reduction of time and cost.