Nursing theory made practical.

Objective To define the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing core knowledge and practical ability which nurses should be equipped with when carrying out TCM service so as to provide a reference for the training of nursing talents of TCM at home and abroad. Methods On the basis of establishing a research group, a questionnaire was formed based on literature research, university research, brain storm and expert interviews. A total of 76 TCM nursing experts from universities and hospitals at home and abroad of TCM were investigated with the questionnaire to form an expert consensus. Results A total of 76 questionnaires were issued in this survey, of which 64 were valid.This study formed the core knowledge and practical ability training standard including three course modules of basic courses of TCM, basic courses of TCM nursing and specialized courses of TCM nursing, and 9 courses of basic theory of TCM, diagnosis of TCM, science of Chinese materia medica, pharmacology of TCM, fundamental of TCM nursing, TCM diet therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion and nursing, TCM nursing skill operation, TCM nursing clinical practice. Conclusions The standard could provide a basis for the standardized teaching of TCM nursing, establishment of training module, formulation of training plan and evaluation of talent training quality. Key words: Traditional Chinese medicine nursing; Core knowledge; Practical ability; Training standard; Expert consensus

General objective: To understand the perspective on the relationship between healthcare and teaching activities among the teachers of the nurse discipline from the first three years of the bachelor’s degree in nursing of the National University of Santiago del Estero (Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero) and of those nurses from the Independence Hospital (Hospital Independencia) where then students learn the practical approach of the degree course. Progress report: An exploratory study with qualitative methodology. Information gathering techniques: Key informants and semi structured interviews with directed questions. Preliminary results: On the one hand, some nurses believe there is integration “in spite of staff and resources shortages. We communicate with each other and we try to work in the best way possible”. “There is respect between the institutions”. On the other hand, other nurses said that “there is no integration and that nurse teachers just impart theoretical knowledge without taking into consideration the reality of hospitals”. Nurse teachers said that “there is good predisposition from hospital nurses but that cannot be considered integration” “there should be an agreement”. The nurses admitted that “the good predisposition of students is very beneficial since they are constantly updating themselves and looking for information on the internet”. Nurse teachers believe that “it is beneficial the staff and authorities good predisposition because that makes our job easier”. As regards the staff from the hospital, they say that “the lack of experience of students hold up the work as well as the shortage of resources and staff”. The obstacles, say the nurse teachers, are “staff shortages and few teachers”. Expectations: The nurses said they hope to “achieve greater organization between teachers and the chiefs of the hospitals”, “we do not like to be treated as if we were still students”. Nurse teachers hope to “institutionalize joint work and research and to plan activities”. Conclusion: Investigation still in progress.

Objective To explore the influence of fragment training on nursing teaching quality. Methods 150 nursing interns taking nursing teaching by formulated teaching plan and fragment training method at our hospital in 2016 were set as an observation group and 148 nursing interns taking routine nursing teaching at our hospital in 2015 a control group. The interns' learning needs were investigated. The effects were evaluated in two ways. The observation group was adopted fragment training. At last, the theoretical and practical performances and the satisfaction to the teachers and departments were compared between these two groups. Results The average of the nursing interns’ examination results increased from 90.70 to 92.49, with a statistical difference (P<0.01). The average of nursing interns’ evaluation to the teachers increased from 93.76 to 95.91, with a statistical difference (P<0.01). The average of nursing interns’ evaluation to the clinical departments increased from 91.05 to 94.02, with a statistical difference (P<0.01). The average of nursing interns’ satisfaction to clinical departments increased from 91.72% to 94.78%, with a statistical difference (P<0.01). Conclusions Fragment training method can culture nursing interns’ ability of identifying, analyzing, and solving problems. It’s easier for them to master professional knowledge and skills. It can improve the quality of clinical nursing teaching. Key words: Fragment training; Nursing care; Teaching quality; Effect evaluation

Objective To explore the effect of solution focused approach on the job burnout of nursing interns, and provide theoretical and practical basis for the post-intervention practices. Methods From September 2014 to May 2016 in a level three class A general hospital of Beijing, fresh nursing graduates who interned in hospital were selected as study objects. A total of 40 nursing interns were divided into control group from June 2014 to March 2015, using the nursing core competency-based education model for teaching, while 42 students were selected to the observation group from June 2015 to March 2016, based on control group teaching model added solution focused approach. Before and after the internship, nursing burnout scale, turnover intention scale, graduation comprehensive skills assessment scores were used to evaluated all interns in two groups. Results The differences had no statistical significance in gender, age, educational background, job burnout, intention of turnover, scores of theory and skill operation before internship (P>0.05). After internship, the job burnout and turnover intention of observation group was lower than that of control group, but the students comprehensive examination scores was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Solution focused approach as a model of psychological intervention can reduce the job burnout and turnover intention and improve the quality of intern practice. Key words: Nursing intern; Solution focused approach; Job burnout; Turnover intention

Objective To evaluate the role of evidence-based nursing in clinical ophthalmology teaching. Methods Fifty nursing interns in department of ophthalmology in Southwest Hospital were randomized into control group and observation group in accordance with the principle of equal number of junior college students and undergraduates. Traditional teaching was applied in control group while clinical ophthalmology teaching combined with traditional teaching was used in observation group. Teaching effect was evaluated at the end of internship by questionnaire and examination. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 using χ2 test and independent sample t test（taking students with score ≥60 as effective indicator）. P〈0.05 indicated significant difference. Results Scores of questionnaire and examination were higher in observation group than in control group, with statistically significant differ-ence（ χ2=6.818, P=0.018）. Theoretical exam score was 67.12±11.53 in control group and 84.96± 9.27 in observation group; practical score was 65.68±8.0 in control group and 80.28±10.65 in observation group with significant differences between two groups （P=0.000）. Conclusions Adoption of evidence-based nursing intervention in ophthalmic clinical teaching help students learn to think, consult literature and use critical thinking to raise questions during the internship. It also makes stu-dents regard the results of scientific research and personal experience as the basis for mastering pro-fessional and scientific expertise, thereby enhancing the ability of nursing practice. Key words: Department of ophthalmology; Evidence-based nursing; Clinical teaching

Objective To carry on the theoretical research of nursing outcomes and indicators of hospitalized patients with coronary heart diease (CHD). Methods Self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted according to the Nursing Outcomes Classification, and then using it among 14 cardiology nursing experts. Results After experts questionnaire,determined 13 nursing outcomes, 63 major indicators and 38 secondary indicators, while eliminated 9 indicators. Conclusion Formation of nursing outcomes and indicators of hospitalized patients with CHD is practical, professional, systemic and simplicity, it can be used as a tool to guide the clinical nursing practice. Key words: Coronary artery disease; Nursing care; Outcome assessment

With the increasing prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the extremely high mortality, disability, symptom burden and dysfunction, as well as the need for continuous drug management and care and increased rehospitalization rate, it brings patients, families and even society huge economic burden. The transitional care model provides non-drug treatment method to help patients get through the transition period safely and steadily, it also improves patients' self-care ability, quality of life and reduce hospital readmission. This review will start from the concept of disease management in transitional period, elaborate on the problems and core elements of transitional caring, then discuss the application of advanced practice nurse-dominated transitional caring mode in COPD, so as to provide theoretical and practical basis for improving the quality of chronic diseases management in China. Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Transitional care; Advanced practice nurse; Rate of hospitalization

Objective To provide insights into the evaluation index and evaluation methods of clinical thinking of nursing staff. Methods 14 nursing experts in Heilongjiang province were interviewed by a half- structured in-depth outline with 8 questions. Themes were obtained by phenomenological data analysis method, including coding, classification, explanation of phenomena and significance, refining essence and elements. Results Two themes of evaluation approach of clinical thinking of nursing staff was obtained： evaluation index and evaluation method. Basic theoretical knowledge, basic practical skills, strain capacity, communication ability, originality of thinking and critical thinking are subthemes of the evaluation index. The best way of evaluating methods is combining multiple evaluations. Conclusions Cultivation of clinical thinking of nursing staff requires efforts from schools and hospitals to establish a scientific, rigorous evaluation approach. Key words: Nursing staff; Clinical thinking ability; Evaluation approaches; Qualitative research

Balancing it out: the process by which midwifery students provide care to women following stillbirth in Papua New Guinea

Objective To improve the comprehensive nursing abilities in the practice process in the practice base, to adapt to the needs of the development of community nursing. Methods Convenient sampling was adopted, 83 nurses were divided into the experimental group (43 nurses) and the control group (40 nurses),who interned in the practice base in the years 2008 and 2009, the control group received con-ventional teachings, and the experimental group was given the teaching method and modes which were targeted at and focusing on the training of ability. The practice result was compared between the two groups.- Results Based on the teachers, the assessment and mixed capability were higher in the experimental group, by the employers' evaluation, all of the indicators were higher than the control group, and it is statistically significant. Conclusions It can improve various nursing abilities of the community nurses by the teaching method and modes which are targeted and focusing on the training of capability. Key words: Community nurses; Practice ability; Community practice base

Objective To compare the evaluation of care behaviors among inpatients and nurses, in order to know the implementation of caring behavior from different perspectives, and to provide evidence for better humanistic care in hospitals. Methods The nurses' humanistic practice ability scale and the caring behavior scale were used to investigate 160 nurses and inpatients respectively in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University. Results The total score of nurses' self rating for caring behavior was (4.15 ± 0.58) points, while the score of self-management ability was lowest, which was (3.84 ± 0.67) points; and the total score of nurses' caring behaviors was (3.49 ± 0.92) points, while the lowest scoring dimensions were respect and connection (3.42 ± 0.95) points. Nurses and patients both feel better at basic care (such as meeting basic needs, providing good environment), psychological care (such as giving support and) and professional care (such as health education), but both of them think that nurses did not do good enough in the provision of high-level emotional needs (such as diversified care, spiritual sustenance)and participation in nursing programmes. Conclusions The evaluation of nursing caring behavior is in the middle and upper level, which shown that the nurses have certain humanistic care and practical ability in clinical practice, and have been recognized by patients, but there is still a lot of room for improvement, and suggested that nursing administrators should give nurses enough respect and consideration while considering patients. Key words: Nurses; Inpatients; Caring behavior; Two-way evaluation

Objective Summarized the Continuous nursing care for cardiac rehabilitation of a patient with frequent ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular aneurysm Methods A comprehensive systematic evaluation of a patient with frequent myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular aneurysm and ventricular tachycardia was conducted to develop an individualized continuous care plan, and continued supervision and management after discharge to ensure that the plan was implemented on time and timely. Results After standardized follow-up care, there was no chest tightness, palpitations, shortness of breath, etc. in the daily activities of the patient, no ventricular tachycardia, and no further hospitalization until June 2018. Conclusions The continuous nursing of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular aneurysm and frequent ventricular tachycardia can improve the prognosis of the disease, improve the quality of life, and provide theoretical basis and practical experience for clinical nursing work. Key words: Myocardial infarction; Ventricular tachycardia; Cardiac rehabilitation; Continuing nursing care

Objective To explore the application effects of Flipped Classroom based on micro-lecture in the teaching practice of health assessment for nursing undergraduates. Methods Nursing undergraduates in the natural class of grade 2016 in Xi'an Creation College of Yan'an Universitywas randomly selected as the control group. A total of 55 students, with an average age of (20.22±1.13) years, were enrolled in the study. Another nat-ural class was chosen as the observation group, with a total of 54 students, with an average age of (20.37±1.21) years. Results At the end of the course, the students of the two groups received the course examination. The training scores of the control group were (80.13±1.73) and the observation group (90.67±1.53), while total score was (76.36±2.05) and (84.21±1.66) respectively. There were significant differences in the training results and the total score between the two groups (P<0.01). Comparing the results of teacher-student satisfaction test, 89.09% of the teachers were satisfied, 98.15% of the observation group while 94.55% of the students were satisfied, and 98.15% of the observation group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). The satisfaction of teachers and students in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the questionnaire survey showed that more than 90% of the students in the observation group were satisfied with the teaching effect. Conclusion The Flipped Classroom teaching based on micro-lecture could promote the students' mastery of the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the health assessment course. Key words: Micro-lecture; Flipped Classroom; Health assessment; Practical teaching

Objective To study the outpatients need for nursing service using the marketing theory of 4Cs so as to improve nursing service process and largely motivate nurse work passion and quality enhancement.Methods We used marketing theory of 4Cs and carried out nurses management from the perspective of service marketing.Then,the nurses' technical operation,professional knowledge,doctors' satisfaction for nursing were compared before and after implemented the 4Cs management.Results Before and after the application of 4C marketing theory,indexes were changed,nurses' technical level and professional knowledge examination pass rate was improved from 88.89％ to 100％,and the difference was statistically significant ( x2 =4.04,P ＜ 0.05) ;doctors' satisfaction for nursing was improved from 68.8％ to 86.4％,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.81,P ＜0.05 ) ; patients' satisfaction on nurses' job was improved from 79.7％ to 95％,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.816,P ＜0.05 ).Patients for nursing care the complaint rate decreased from 3％ to 0％,before and after the application of 4C marketing theory.Conclusions Marketing theory of 4Cs applying in outpatient nursing management play a important role in improving nurses' motivation and nursing ability,improving the nurse-doctor and nurse-patient relationship.It can promote to provide high quality and humanization of outpatient nursing services for patients. Key words: Nursing administration research; Satisfaction of patients; Marketing theory of 4Cs

Objective To understand the experiences and suggestions for clinical practice training of emergency nurses in suburb of Shanghai City,and to provide theoretical basis for further improving clinical practice training of nurses in emergency department.Methods Using the phenomenological methods and Colaizzi 7 step analysis method to refine the theme,11 interviews were conducted.Results Respondents believed emergency nurses in clinical practice training was important; Training content should follow the training outline and needed appropriate extension according with the demand of the regional students,and help to improve the students' practical ability to work.The students hoped to gain more knowledge.PBL teaching method and situational simulation assessment mode were used.The teachers' solid professional knowledge,skills,and teaching ability and professional dedication were strong.Conclusions We should listen to the voices of training students,adopt relevant suggestions,and gradually improve the clinical practice training of emergency nurses mode. Key words: Emergency department; Specialist nurse; Practical training; Qualitative research