Objectively measured physical activity of hospital shift workers.

Most research support positive relationships between physical activity and mental health. However, possible moderating variables of these relationships have also been identified, such as age, gender, level of physical activity, and the scope of physical activity. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between physical activity and mental health levels in undergraduate students, assessing whether these associations can change depending on the level of physical activity (low, medium, or high) and the setting (occupational, commuting, or leisure time physical activity) in which it was performed. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample comprised 847 undergraduate students. Physical activity and mental health were measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQv2) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We found relationships between students' physical activity level and their mental health status. The higher the total physical activity, the better their mental health scores. High levels of commuting and leisure time physical activity is also associated with better mental health, while only moderate levels of occupational physical activity are associated with better mental health status. Regarding the possible associations between physical activity and vulnerability to mental health problems, with the fully adjusted regression model, leisure time and occupational physical activity remain protective of a poor state of mental health. Leisure time physical activity, performed at a high level, and moderate occupational physical activity seems to be the best combination of physical activity to reduce students' vulnerability to potential mental health problems.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate associations between occupational physical activity patterns (physical work demands linked to job title) and leisure time physical activity (assessed by questionnaire) with cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed...

Leisure-time physical activity can reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes, but the potential effect of different types of physical activity is still uncertain. This study is to examine the relationship of occupational, commuting and leisure-time physical activity with the incidence of Type 2 diabetes. We prospectively followed 6898 Finnish men and 7392 women of 35 to 64 years of age without a history of stroke, coronary heart disease, or diabetes at baseline. Hazards ratios of incidence of Type 2 diabetes were estimated by levels of occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity. During a mean follow-up of 12 years, there were 373 incident cases of Type 2 diabetes. In both men and women combined, the hazards ratios of diabetes associated with light, moderate and active work were 1.00, 0.70 and 0.74 (p=0.020 for trend) after adjustment for confounding factors (age, study year, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, education, the two other types of physical activity and BMI). The multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios of diabetes with none, 1 to 29, and more than 30 min of walking or cycling to and from work were 1.00, 0.96, and 0.64 (p=0.048 for trend). The multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios of diabetes for low, moderate, high levels of leisure-time physical activity were 1.00, 0.67, and 0.61 (p=0.001 for trend); after additional adjustment for BMI, the hazards ratio was no longer significant. Moderate and high occupational, commuting or leisure-time physical activity independently and significantly reduces risk of Type 2 diabetes among the middle-aged general population.

BackgroundShift work has been related to adverse health outcomes that can partially be attributed to physical inactivity. However, our knowledge of the influence of shift work on physical activity and sedentary behavior is inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess physical activity levels among shift and non-shift workers among a sample of Iranian adults.MethodsBaseline data of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study were used. All participants of RaNCD except those excluded due to unemployment or considerable disability were included in the study. We evaluated participants’ physical activity levels using the PERSIAN cohort questionnaire and examined its associations with being a shift worker.ResultsA total of 4695 participants with a mean age of 46.1 (SD = 7.74) were included in the study. In total, 1108 (23.6%) participants were shift workers, 1420 (30.2%) had insufficient physical activity levels, and 4283 (91.2%) were male. The prevalence of physical inactivity was significantly lower among shift workers compared to non-shift workers (21% vs. 33.1%, p < 0.001). Multiple backward stepwise binary logistic regression tests indicated that being a shift worker was significantly associated with a lower chance of having insufficient physical activity levels (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65–0.92, p = 0.003).ConclusionsThe prevalence of insufficient physical activity was higher among non-shift workers than shift workers in our study. By providing the factors associated with insufficient physical activity among the workers in a region of Iran, the current study findings might help policymakers target groups at higher risk of physical activity in Iran and design interventions to improve physical activity, especially among non-shift workers.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the extent to which physical activity performed during work and leisure is associated with systemic inflammation.MethodsData regarding job history and high-sensitivity C...

Physical activity (PA) has been consistently associated with enhanced quality of life. The tight schedule of duty of health care workers may predispose them to physical inactivity and psychosocial morbidities which most of them tend to ignore while rendering services to others. The prevalence of depression among Nigerian health care workers and its association with PA is not known. This study investigated the levels of leisure-time and occupational PA and their association with depression among health care providers in a Nigerian tertiary hospital setting. The research was a cross-sectional survey of 734 health care providers. The Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale were used to assess leisure-time PA, occupational PA and depression respectively. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at α= 0.05. The mean age of participants was 39.6 ± 9.4 years (range 22-57 years). Nearly half of the health care providers (46.2%) reported low participation or insufficient leisure-time PA that could provide substantial health benefits, while 20.2% participated in leisure-time PA that could give some health benefits and 33.7% participated in leisure-time PA that could give substantial health benefits. Sitting/standing were the main occupational PAs of the majority (96.2%) of the health workers. The overall prevalence for depression was 11.4%. There was a significant association between leisure-time PA and depression (χ 2 =18.9, p= 0.016). There was no significant association between occupational PA and depression. There is low participation in leisure-time PA among health care workers and this is linked with depression. Efforts to improve participation in leisure-time PA among workers may help to relieve their depression symptoms. KEY WORDS : leisure time, occupation, physical activity, depression

Objective Physical inactivity has been hypothesized as an underlying factor for the association between shift work and adverse health outcomes. We compared leisure-time and occupational physical activity and sedentary behavior between day, night, and non-night shift workers. Methods We identified 612 day workers, 139 night shift workers and 61 non-night shift workers aged 18-65 years (54% men) in two Danish studies: the New method for Objective Measurements of physical Activity in Daily living (NOMAD) and the Danish Physical ACTivity cohort with Objective measurements (DPhacto) between 2011-2013. Sedentary behavior, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were measured using an accelerometer. Physical activity was expressed as percentage of leisure and work time spent in each activity. Linear regression analyses were used to test differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior between day, night, and non-night shift workers. Results No differences in leisure-time sedentary behavior and physical activity were observed between day and shift workers (P>0.05). Non-night shift workers spent 7.2% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.3-12.1) more time in occupational sedentary behavior than day workers and 5.9% (95% CI -10.1- -1.7) and 1.9% (95% CI -3.7- -0.2) less time in occupational light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, respectively. Compared to day workers, night shift workers spent 4.3% (95% CI 2.4-6.1) more time at work in uninterrupted sedentary periods of ≥30 minutes. Conclusions Shift workers had similar leisure-time physical activity patterns as day workers, but were more sedentary at work. Future research should elucidate whether occupational physical inactivity and sedentary behavior contributes to shift work-related adverse health effects.

One of the factors distinguishing non-Latino blacks (NLB) and Latinos from non-Latino whites (NLW) is higher rates of occupational physical activity (OPA) and less participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA). We examined participation in OPA and LTPA among employed individuals and the relationship between OPA and LTPA across select racial or ethnic groups and Latino subgroups. We pooled data from 2000 to 2003 of the National Health Interview Survey. We divided the survey participants into three groups: 1) those with no LTPA, 2) those who reported some LTPA but not for sufficient time and intensity to meet recommended guidelines, and 3) those who reported LTPA at levels that met or exceeded recommendations. We used ordinal logistic regression to examine whether NLB and Latinos or Latino subgroups were less likely to report LTPA than NLW while controlling for social, economic, and demographic factors that may have accounted for group differences. We further examined the prevalence of OPA and the relationship between LTPA and OPA. Among employed individuals, NLB and Latinos had significantly more individuals reporting no LTPA compared with NLW. Latinos had the greatest proportion of individuals reporting no LTPA. Furthermore, it was found that significantly more Latinos had physically active occupations compared with NLB and NLB compared with NLW, respectively. Among employed Latinos, Cubans and Dominicans were most likely to report no LTPA, and Mexicans had the greatest percentage of workers with a physically active occupation. LTPA was not significantly associated with having a physically active occupation across races and Latino subgroups. Participation in LTPA among ethnic or racial minorities is lower than that of NLW, and the OPA rates are higher. OPA does not significantly impact participation in LTPA in employed adults.

Welders demonstrate a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), as indicated by high rates of illness-related absenteeism. Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) could be a preventive strategy. However, little is known about LTPA prevalence and its association with MSDs among welders. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of MSD and LTPA levels among welders and to identify risk factors for the main disorder of low back pain (LBP). The following data were collected from 145 welders from 34 companies in the German steel industry: individual factors (demographics, health behaviour), job-related factors (welding process, welding hours per day, employment years, shift work, ergonomic tools) and MSD (Nordic questionnaire). LTPA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) was calculated to determine the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) per week as an objective measure of energy expenditure. Prevalence and multivariate regression analysis were calculated to determine odds ratios (ORs). The 12-month prevalence of LBP was 71%, for neck pain 61% and for shoulder pain 55%. Forty-two per cent of the participants accumulated <600 MET/week. The multivariate regression model revealed LTPA <600 MET/week (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.05-10.85) and neck pain in the previous 12 months (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.02-13.56) to be significantly associated with LBP. The results show a high prevalence of MSDs and thus a strong requirement for intervention. Therefore, LTPA should be prioritized and employers should encourage access to regular activity.

Secular trends in AMI rates were analyzed in relation to physical activity levels. The population attributable risk of physical inactivity was calculated. Participants were randomly selected subjects from a suburb of Copenhagen, Denmark, screened during the years 1964-1991. Occupational physical activity and in leisure time were assessed 1964, 1974, 1976, 1982, 1987 and 1991 by self-administered questionnaire along with smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Blood pressure, weight, height and serum lipids were measured according to WHO-standards. Mortality data were obtained from death certificates, from hospital records or autopsies. Acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) 1964-1994 were included. 13.925 men and women aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years, were drawn as random samples from a background population of 300.000 inhabitants. A cohort born in 1914 was examined in 1964 and 1974, a cohort born in 1936, was examined in 1976 and 1987; Monica (Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular diseases) I cohort were examined in 1982 and 1987; MONICA II in 1986, and MONICA III in 1991. Mean physical activity level at leisure adjusted for age and sex increased over time (P < 0001). 25% of the men were sedentary, and more women reported a sedentary lifestyle than men. The overall trend was from 1964 to 1992 a decline in physical activity at work (P < 0001) in both gender and all age groups. The difference in AMI incidence rates between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) levels increased over time. No change was found in AMI rates comparing sedentary in different time periods. A remarkable decrease over time in the AMI incidence rate was found in physically active during leisure time. Population attributable risk (PAR) exceeded 40% in both genders in the late 1980s. In conclusion the difference in AMI rates between LTPA subgroups has increased over time. The low AMI rates observed among the most physically active reveal a substantial potential for the prevention of AMI through physical activity. A population attributable risk of more than 40% for physical inactivity suggests a potential for primary prevention through increased physical activity.

IntroductionShift work is known to reduce productivity and safety at work. Previous studies have suggested that a variety of interrelated factors, such as mood, cognition, and sleep, can affect the performance of shift workers. This study aimed to identify potential pathways from depression, sleep, and cognition to work performance in shift and non-shift workers.Material and methodsOnline survey including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), as well as two items representing work mistakes were administered to 4,561 shift workers and 2,093 non-shift workers. A multi-group structural equation model (SEM) was used to explore differences in the paths to work mistakes between shift and non-shift workers.ResultsShift workers had higher PSQI, CES-D, and CFQ scores, and made more mistakes at work than non-shift workers. The SEM revealed that PSQI, CES-D, and CFQ scores were significantly related to mistakes at work, with the CFQ being a mediating variable. There were significant differences in the path coefficients of the PSQI and CES-D between shift and non-shift workers. The direct effects of sleep disturbances on mistakes at work were greater in shift workers, while direct effects of depressive symptoms were found only in non-shift workers.DiscussionThe present study found that shift workers made more mistakes at work than non-shift workers, probably because of depressed mood, poor sleep quality, and cognitive inefficiency. Sleep influences work performance in shift workers more directly compared to non-shift workers.

When and what you eat can be linked to circadian preference (i.e., chronotype) and occupation (e.g., shift worker). Evening chronotypes, with a later circadian preference, tend to have meals later, distribute energy intake toward the end of the day(1), and more unhealthy eating habits than morning chronotypes(2); whereas night shift work is associated with later mealtimes and poor diet quality as a result of circadian disruption due to their work(3). What is unclear is whether chronotype influences the occupation-induced dietary patterns observed in shift workers. This study aimed to investigate associations between chronotype, temporal patterns of eating and diet composition in shift and non-shift workers. Adults from shift (SW) and non-shift (N-SW) populations were recruited. A Chrononutrition Questionnaire captured chronotype, duration of eating window (DEW), time of first eating occasion (FEO) and last eating occasion (LEO) while diet composition (energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, fibre, alcohol) was extracted from 7-day food diaries. Associations between chronotype and DEW/FEO/LEO, and between DEW/FEO/LEO and diet composition were determined by Spearman Rank Coefficients. 95 participants were enrolled (N-SW: n = 39; SW: n = 56); predominantly female (71%), morning chronotype (37%), on average 40.46 ± 15.08 years with BMI of 27.04 ± 5.77kg/m2. 84 returned food diaries. Later chronotype was positively associated with later times of FEO (N-SW: r = ,50, SW: r = ,69) and LEO (N-SW: r = ,63, SW: r = ,54) on free (non-work) days (p≤.002), and longer DEW (r = ,42) and later LEO (r = ,60) on workdays for non-shift workers (p&lt;.01). However, there were no significant differences in diet composition by day/shift type between chronotypes across the study population. On afternoon shifts, longer DEW was associated with greater energy (r = ,60) and total fat intake (r = ,60) and later LEO with greater alcohol intake (r = ,59) (p&lt;.05). On night shifts, a longer DEW was associated with lower alcohol intake (r=-.45, p&lt;.05). Amongst non-shift workers, later FEO was associated with lower fibre intake on workdays (r=-.58, p&lt;.001). Additionally, non-shift workers who were later chronotypes had later LEO, which on workdays associated with lower fibre (r=-.45) and alcohol intake (r=-.43); and on work-free days, associated with lower alcohol intake (r=-.45) (p&lt;.05). Not surprisingly, evening chronotypes across the study population had longer and/or later eating windows on work-free days (i.e., free of constraints), as did non-shift workers on workdays, while the influence of chronotype on DEW, FEO, and LEO across shifts were less clear. Hence, for shift workers, occupation appeared to be a greater driver of temporal eating patterns than chronotype. Additionally, later eating times of evening chronotypes was not associated with negative diet composition. The exception was lower fibre intake amongst non-shift workers; but regardless of chronotype, shift workers may benefit from having a shorter and earlier DEW on afternoon shifts to minimise energy, fat, and alcohol intake.

Aim:To describe changes in leisure time and occupational physical activity status in an urban Mediterranean population-based cohort, and to evaluate sociodemographic, health-related and lifestyle correlates of such changes.Methods:Data for this...

We evaluated the effects of a community-based intervention, the Academia da Cidade program (ACP), on increasing leisure-time physical activity among residents of Recife, Brazil. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess leisure-time physical activity and transport physical activity (i.e., activities involved in traveling from place to place) levels in a random sample of 2047 Recife residents surveyed in 2007. We also examined factors related to exposure to ACP (participation in the intervention, residing near an intervention site, hearing about or seeing intervention activities). We estimated prevalence odds ratios (ORs) of moderate to high leisure-time and transport physical activity levels via intervention exposures adjusted for sociodemographic, health, and environmental variables. Prevalence ORs for moderate to high levels of leisure-time physical activity were higher among former (prevalence OR=2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.0, 3.9) and current (prevalence OR=11.3; 95% CI=3.5, 35.9) intervention participants and those who had heard about or seen an intervention activity (prevalence OR=1.8; 95% CI=1.3, 2.5). Transport physical activity levels were inversely associated with residing near an ACP site. The ACP program appears to be an effective public health strategy to increase population-level physical activity in urban developing settings.

This study aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship of total physical activity (TPA), leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and occupational physical activity (OPA) with the risk of stroke. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to collect relevant studies on PA and stroke risk up to December 2024, and cohort research was considered to include. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Egger's test and sensitive analysis were conducted. Dose-response meta-analysis and methodological quality evaluation were performed. A total of 23, 15, and 10 studies assessed the relationship between TPA, LTPA, and OPA with stroke. Meta-analyses results showed that higher levels of TPA, LTPA, and OPA were associated with a lower stroke risk. A nonmonotonic non-linear dose-response relationship was detected between TPA and the risk of total, hemorrhagic, and ischemic stroke. An inverse linear dose-response relationship between LTPA and the risk of total, hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic stroke. Stroke risk is significantly reduced with increasing levels of TPA when it is lower, and has an inverse linear dose-response relationship with LTPA. A higher level of OPA is associated with lower stroke risk, but inconsistent data result in high heterogeneity.