Observing algorithmic marketplaces in-the-wild

Encouraging compliance with graduated driver licensing restrictions

El impacto de la fijación dinámica de precios en las percepciones de los clientes de restaurantes y en el sentimiento hacia los preciosResumenPropósitoEste estudio examina cómo la fijación dinámica de precios impacta en las percepciones de los clientes de los restaurantes y en el sentimiento hacia los precios a través de métricas de reputación en línea. Además, para profundizar en el debate sobre la fijación dinámica de precios, se propone una definición novedosa explorando las formas específicas de discriminación que pueden manifestarse en diferentes industrias.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueUtilizando un conjunto de datos exhaustivo de reseñas de restaurantes obtenidas de TripAdvisor, el estudio se centra en los restaurantes afiliados a uno de los mayores grupos de restaurantes en España. Empleamos un método cuasiexperimental (diferencias en diferencias) para estudiar cómo las estrategias de precios dinámicos influyen en las percepciones de valor de los clientes basándonos en las calificaciones numéricas. Mientras tanto, empleamos un modelo BERT en el componente textual de las reseñas para desentrañar los matices emocionales de la fijación dinámica de precios.HallazgosLos resultados no revelaron un impacto causal de las estrategias de precios dinámicos en las percepciones de los clientes. Además, el análisis de sentimiento no muestra una visión negativa aumentada después de introducir la fijación dinámica de precios en los restaurantes en comparación con el grupo de control. Contrariamente a lo que sugiere la literatura previa, nuestros hallazgos indican que la implementación de precios dinámicos no afecta negativamente las percepciones o los sentimientos de los clientes respecto a los precios en los restaurantes.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaciónLa configuración cuasiexperimental del estudio presenta desafíos inherentes para establecer la causalidad que requieren una investigación más profunda utilizando entornos experimentales controlados. Sin embargo, nuestro estudio revela que los clientes de restaurantes no perciben la fijación de precios dinámica como injusta. Este hallazgo es crítico para los gerentes de restaurantes al considerar la implementación de la fijación de precios dinámica y estrategias de gestión de ingresos. Además, nuestro estudio resalta la importancia de considerar no solo las calificaciones numéricas sino también el análisis del sentimiento del cliente. Este enfoque más holístico para evaluar el impacto de las estrategias de precios puede dar a los gerentes de restaurantes una comprensión más profunda de las reacciones de los clientes. Además, se proporciona una definición de fijación de precios dinámica más rigurosa, aclarando su naturaleza y su distinción en el uso de diferentes discriminaciones de precios.Originalidad/valorEste estudio contribuye a la comprensión en evolución del impacto de las estrategias de fijación de precios dinámicos en las percepciones y sentimientos de los clientes en la industria restaurantera. Su objetivo es llenar el vacío en la comprensión de las reacciones de los clientes a los precios determinados algorítmicamente (a través de sistemas de gestión de ingresos (RMS) como DynamEat) en esta industria. La combinación de inferencia causal y análisis de sentimientos ofrece una perspectiva novedosa, arrojando luz sobre las conexiones matizadas entre la implementación de la fijación de precios dinámicos y las emociones de los clientes.

Peak reduction in decentralised electricity systems : Markets and prices for flexible planning

Assessing the effect of long-automated driving operation, repeated take-over requests, and driver’s characteristics on commercial motor vehicle drivers’ driving behavior and reaction time in highly automated vehicles

Understanding the mechanism of traffic hysteresis and traffic oscillations through the change in task difficulty level

Drivers have an increased crash or incident risk when driving on freeway interchange ramps compared with the other interchange-related segments. Directional rumble strips (DRS), a pattern similar to the traditional traversable rumble strip, were developed as a low-cost traffic control device to deter wrong-way driving, meanwhile reducing right-way traffic speeds and changing driver behavior on off-ramps. This paper presents the impact of DRS on vehicle speed and driver behavior based on the two case studies at southbound off-ramps at Exits 208 and 284 on Interstate-65 (I-65) in Alabama. Three DRS patterns (D3, C, and E2) were implemented at different locations on off-ramps. Pattern D3 was installed at the off-ramp terminal near the stop bar or yield line. Pattern C was implemented at the segment between the terminal and ramp curve. Pattern E2 was placed on the tangent part before the ramp curve. A total of 1,344 h traffic speed data before and after the implementation were collected using magnetic sensors. Driver behavior was monitored for 576 h using video cameras. Before-and-after studies evaluated the impact of three DRS patterns on traffic speed on these two off-ramps. The results revealed that DRS can significantly reduce the mean, 85th percentile, and standard deviations (SDs) of off-ramp traffic speeds. In addition, DRS can help to mitigate aggressive driver behavior (e.g., exceeding the ramp speed limit) and guide turning traffics at ramp terminals.

Bangka Belitung Province is one of the provinces implementing ETLE to reduce the number of traffic violations. The implementation of ETLE in Bangka Belitung Province has been applied since March 2022 which has given an impact on changes in driver behavior. Driving behavior can be said to be the reaction of the driver/ rider to the environment when driving a vehicle. Based on previous research, it is known that driving behavior can be measured through the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). Therefore, this study adopts DBQ to measure changes in driving behavior due to the implementation of ETLE in Pangkalpinang. This study aims to find out how the behavior of driver using the road after the application of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) at signalized intersections in Pangkalpinang. The result indicates that driver/ rider “have almost never committed a violation by not wearing a safety belt while driving” and “have almost never using a cell phone while driving or when the vehicle is stopped at an intersection when the traffic light is red since the implementation of ETLE”. It can be concluded that the results of the analysis of violations recorded on ETLE are in line with the results of the analysis of driving behavior. However, further analysis is needed to determine the significant impact of implementing ETLE on driving behavior. The application of ETLE is expected to reduce violations that can trigger traffic accidents. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used as a basis for determining policies related to the transportation sector, especially improving traffic safety.

Dynamic pricing strategies for efficient inventory management with auto-correlative stochastic demand forecasting using exponential smoothing method

This study attempts to identify the major factors that have contributed to traffic safety in the past, with a view to help identify which approaches are likely to be most fruitful in the future. The study builds upon the author's 1987 study which addressed similarly broad questions that require judgmental synthesis rather than analysis. In the earlier paper all factors were classified into what were defined as 'human infrastructure' and 'engineering infrastructure'. Although components of the engineering infrastructure (roadway, traffic engineering, vehicles) were demonstrated to make important contributions, it was concluded that the human infrastructure component was of even greater importance, with social norms making the largest contribution. The present paper examines traffic fatality rates for 12 countries over a 19-year period, and for the United States over a 68-year period. The observation that variations over time and country appear larger than can be attributed exclusively to engineering improvements suggests again that behavioral factors, especially social norms, are playing a large role. The major changes in public health that have resulted from collective behavior changes in smoking, exercise, diet and alcohol use suggest that further progress in traffic safety might be made by similar collective changes in driver behavior. The following items are judged worthy of additional study as possible stimulants to changing social norms in directions more conducive to traffic safety, and away from directions which are inimical to safety: (i) the effect of fictional television and movie portrayals of the life-threatening use of motor vehicles as heroic or humorous, (ii) the effect of encouraging increased courtesy on the road, and (iii) the effect of social norms relating to alcohol, and the forces that shape such social norms.(A)

Assessing distracted driving crash severities at New York City urban roads: A temporal analysis using random parameters logit model

Adapting ISA system warnings to enhance user acceptance

The study examined the effect of pricing strategies on the revenue of maize marketers in Benue State, Nigeria. A multistage and purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 400 registered maize Marketers in six Local Government Areas of the State. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that majority (91.7%) applied cost plus pricing strategy in marketing of maize; (87.0%) used competitive pricing strategy, while (57.1%) used value based pricing strategy. The results also showed that 56.1% adopted bundle pricing strategy; (49.4%) applied geographical pricing strategy; few marketers used dynamic pricing (16.4%), psychological pricing (6.5%), premium pricing (2.6%), penetration pricing (1.6%), and price skimming (0.5%) respectively. The findings revealed that marketers who used dynamic pricing strategy made the highest sales revenue of ₦122,484.803, marketers that used penetration pricing recorded the least sales revenue of ₦104,333.33. Evidence from the study shows that dynamic pricing strategy enhance sales revenue of maize marketers by ₦15,104.32. It was recommended that government should enhance maize marketer’s access to extension services in the state by conducting training sessions focusing on enlightening maize marketers on more profitable pricing strategies to adopt. The government should also encourage continued education among maize marketers in the state through workshops so as to enable them make informed marketing decisions.

Based on the STCA model, an improved two-lane traffic CA model considering turn signals is proposed. The model designs driver behavior changes because of the effect of turn light of front vehicle,and introduces rules of changing lanes, cutting lanes and yielding the right of way for the rear vehicle. Through computer numerical simulations, this study has presented curve diagrams of relationship between turning rate and energy consumption and also analyzed the effects of driver behavior of the rear vehicles on traffic flow. The results indicate that increased probability of lane change make more turning rate and energy consumption. When probability of lane change is from 0.5 to 1.0, turning rate increases 13.23% and energy consumption increases 22.15% . Compared with the traditional model, STCA model can depict more complex traffic situations and reproduce driver behaviors and more realistic process of traffic.

This paper examines the economic effects of a dynamic pricing strategy for the airline industry. It is shown that a seat on a specific flight is a typical perishable good, appropriate to be dynamically priced. The application of a dynamic pricing strategy has a neutral or a positive effect on revenues, depending on competitors' revenue management strategy. Furthermore, a dynamic pricing strategy not only influences revenue but also affects the cost structure of an airline and, hence, leads directly to a decrease in process complexity and transaction cost. Therefore, dynamic pricing proves to be the starting point for an efficient pull strategy. It follows that a dynamic pricing strategy can probably lead to a new business model for the airline industry.

Reasonable price strategy is of great significance to the safe and economic operation of a microgrid. To reduce the power exchange fluctuation between the main grid and a microgrid and to enhance the profit of a microgrid, a dynamic price strategy based on modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. Then, a multi-objective optimization model considering the income of a microgrid and load fluctuation of distribution network is presented. To validate the proposed price strategy and the optimization model, a series of numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate their effect on the power exchange fluctuation and the profit of the microgrid. The result shows that the proposed dynamic price strategy markedly increases the profit of the microgrid and strengthen the effect on power peak shaving and valley filling compared with time-of-use(TOU) price strategy and the fixed electricity price strategy.