Ocean negative carbon emissions: A new UN Decade program

Addressing climate change is a formidable challenge for humanity, and achieving the temperature control goals of the Paris Agreement cannot rely solely on greenhouse gas emission reductions—negative emissions are an inevitable solution. The ocean, as the planet’s largest active carbon reservoir, holds immense potential for negative emissions, yet there is no internationally recognized pathway to realize it. The UNESCO-IOC international program of Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE) builds on the original theory of the microbial carbon pump (MCP) and integrates known ocean carbon sequestration mechanisms BCMS (standing for biological carbon pump, carbonate counter pump, MCP, solubility carbon pump) to propose feasible, scientifically sound, and legally compliant technical solutions. It establishes practical, reliable, and promising implementation pathways, forming a cohesive “theory–methodology–technical standards–application” framework. On this basis, the ONCE program proposes the “Triple REAL” visions, encompassing technical solutions (3R: realistic, reliable-ISO-certified, reproducible), implementation principles (3E: ecological, ethical, with equity), expected goals (3A: ambitious, actionable, achievable), and a governance framework (3L: legal, by London Protocol, with liability). This vision creates a systematic and actionable governance structure, develops a carbon credit foundational logic over the conventional “MRV principle” (monitoring, reporting, verification), and paves the way for incorporating ocean carbon credit into the global carbon market, supporting global climate governance.

Eco-engineering approaches for ocean negative carbon emission

Evaluating sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis: The role of muscle function

Next-Generation Sequencing Identified a Novel Crizotinib-Sensitive PLB1-ALK Rearrangement in Lung Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Joint statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Vascular Medicine focuses on patients with peripheral arterial disease

Global decline in capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services

Enteric involvement in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 outside Wuhan

Prediction analysis of porcine AXL protein as a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2

The European Commission's Farm to Fork (F2F) strategy, under the European Green Deal, acknowledges that innovative techniques, including biotechnology, may play a role in increasing sustainability. At the same time, organic farming will be promoted, and at least 25% of the EU's agricultural land shall be under organic farming by 2030. How can both biotechnology and organic farming be developed and promoted simultaneously to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? We illustrate that achieving the SDGs benefits from the inclusion of recent innovations in biotechnology in organic farming. This requires a change in the law. Otherwise, the planned increase of organic production in the F2F strategy may result in less sustainable, not more sustainable, food systems.

Underprotected Marine Protected Areas in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot

Characteristics of deaths amongst health workers in China during the outbreak of COVID-19 infection

The public health concern of Pasteurella multocida should not be ignored

Adapting ecosystem restoration for sustainable development in a changing world

Abstract. Future climate projections from Earth system models (ESMs) typically focus on the timescale of this century. We use a set of five ESMs and one Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC) to explore the dynamics of the Earth's climate and carbon cycles under contrasting emissions trajectories beyond this century to the year 2300. The trajectories include a very-high-emissions, unmitigated fossil-fuel-driven scenario, as well as a mitigation scenario that diverges from the first scenario after 2040 and features an “overshoot”, followed by a decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations by means of large net negative CO2 emissions. In both scenarios and for all models considered here, the terrestrial system switches from being a net sink to either a neutral state or a net source of carbon, though for different reasons and centered in different geographic regions, depending on both the model and the scenario. The ocean carbon system remains a sink, albeit weakened by carbon cycle feedbacks, in all models under the high-emissions scenario and switches from sink to source in the overshoot scenario. The global mean temperature anomaly is generally proportional to cumulative carbon emissions, with a deviation from proportionality in the overshoot scenario that is governed by the zero emissions commitment. Additionally, 23rd century warming continues after the cessation of carbon emissions in several models in the high-emissions scenario and in one model in the overshoot scenario. While ocean carbon cycle responses qualitatively agree in both globally integrated and zonal mean dynamics in both scenarios, the land models qualitatively disagree in zonal mean dynamics, in the relative roles of vegetation and soil in driving C fluxes, in the response of the sink to CO2, and in the timing of the sink–source transition, particularly in the high-emissions scenario. The lack of agreement among land models on the mechanisms and geographic patterns of carbon cycle feedbacks, alongside the potential for lagged physical climate dynamics to cause warming long after CO2 concentrations have stabilized, points to the possibility of surprises in the climate system beyond the 21st century time horizon, even under relatively mitigated global warming scenarios, which should be taken into consideration when setting global climate policy.

Plastics in blue carbon ecosystems: a call for global cooperation on climate change goals