OLAP with a Database Cluster

In this paper we describe the development of Internet-based approaches to public participation and on-line spatial decision support systems in particular. Two case studies in developing web-based public participation GIS (PPGIS), one local and one regional, are described in detail. Results from the live testing of these systems are shown. These are discussed in the light of recent developments in ‘cyberdemocracy’ and conclusions are drawn about principles of on-line PPGIS and problems associated with public participation, user interaction, and familiarity with IT, copyright issues, access to the Internet, and relevant political structures.

The Decision support system that audits social insurance funds on-line based on data warehouse plays an important role in increasing audit efficiency and providing decision-making information to improve the social insurance system. In the paper the on-line auditing decision support system is introduced. Based on the data warehouse technology and on-line auditing, the system's architecture is given. The function of the system as data transmitting, data collecting, data auditing, data searching and decision analysis etc are analyzed in detail. Finally the design and the on-line analysis of the data warehouse are discussed in the paper.

With the integration of large scale wind power, the characteristics of power system operation has been changing, and, some problems come forth. On-line security assessment and control decision support system provides the stability and security state message for dispatcher in time, and, some suggestions to improve the level of power system stability and security. To suit the requirements of large amount wind power integrated power system, the technology of on-line security assessment and control decision support must be modified. This paper focuses on the technology of on-line security assessment and control decision for operation of power system with large scale wind power and designing the support system. In the paper, the study and application of on-line security assessment and control decision support technology in China are introduced. Considering the wind power in China having some distinct characteristics such as large scale, centralized development, long-distance and high voltage transportation, the new requirements to on-line security assessment and control decision support are analyzed. They includes need for new information, on-line modelling with large scale wind farm, transfer limitation calculation under the constraint condition of wind power integration requirement, auxiliary preventive control decision based on the forecasting and adjustment properties of wind power output, coordinated emergency control wind power with hydraulic and thermal power. On the basis of technical rule for connecting wind farm into power grid and the interaction between wind power and power grid, the advices on engineering application of on-line security assessment and control decision support technology for large amount wind power integrated power system, are proposed, for example, with respect to the standard of security assessment and selection of pre-contingency sets. (7 pages)

In previous work, a class of cluster-based multiprocessor systems was introduced and analyzed. The analysis was based on an approximate probabilistic model and assumed circuit-switching methodology. It showed that for a higher rate of favourite requests the cluster-based system performs fairly close to the crossbar system and outperforms the typical multiple-bus system (with buses equal to half the number of processors). In this paper we first simulate the cluster-based system based on the analytical model assumptions presented in our earlier work. We then develop a simulation model that relaxes two unrealistic assumptions of the analytical model. The results obtained from the simulation models are compared with those obtained from the approximate analytical model for the cluster-based, crossbar, and multiple-bus systems. We then introduce a packet-switched cluster-based system. The system uses packet-switched single-shared buses to increase the bus utilization and hence the system throughput. A simulation model based on the event-scheduling approach is developed to evaluate the performance of the packet-switched cluster- based system in terms of delay and throughput. The simulation results of the packet-switched cluster-based system are compared with those obtained for the crossbar and multiple-bus systems for both uniform and favourite reference models.

This paper describes the process and methodology of designing and developing a clinical decision support system for home healthcare system for multi user that classify the patients into proper health level and handle the on-line monitoring, a reaction of the classification result. H2MRC Center is home healthcare system that acquires fundamental patient’s important 8 health parameters and monitors the patient’s information and classifies befitting health level and responses in health level. H2MRC have 8 important key health information, 8 parameters that classified A. the sap of life, B. Respiratory, C. Cardiovascular, D. Endocrines, and So, it needs a fast the classification of health level result, automatic classification, reliability of the result. But many users participate in H2MRC program and 8 parameters each have complicated relations so hard to monitor by a physician. So we design XML based SDSS for home healthcare. It helps fast classified by health level using these acquired 8 parameters, and suggests the proper diagnosis and provides proper medical information that helps patient’s Diagnosis. Also it helps the physician’s effectiveness of on-line decision support using large volumes of data that has complicated relation.

SummaryThe use of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can improve the overall safety and quality of health care delivery, but may also introduce machine-related errors. Recent concerns about the potential for CDSS to harm patients have generated much debate, but there is little research available to identify the nature of such errors, or quantify their frequency or clinical impact.A review of recent literature into electronic prescribing systems, as well as related literature in decision support.There seems to be some evidence for variation in the outcomes of using CDSS, most likely reflecting variations in clinical setting, culture, training and organizational process, independent of technical variables. There is also preliminary evidence that poorly implemented CDSS can lead to increased mortality in some settings. Studies in the US, UK and Australia have found commercial prescribing systems often fail to uniformly detect significant drug interactions, probably because of errors in their knowledge base. Electronic medication management systems may generate new types of error because of user-interface design, but al so because of events in the workplace such as distraction affecting the actions of system users. Another potential source of CDSS influenced errors are automation biases, including errors of omission where individuals miss important data because the system does not prompt them to notice them, and errors of commission where individuals do what the decision aid tells to do, even when this contradicts their training and other available data. Errors of dismissal occur when relevant alerts are ignored. On-line decision support systems may also result in errors where clinicians come to an incorrect assessment of the evidence, possibly shaped in part by cognitive decision biases.The effectiveness of decision support systems, like all other health IT, cannot be assessed purely by evaluating the usability and performance of the software, but is the outcome of a complex set of cognitive and socio-technical interactions. A deeper understanding of these issues can result in the design of systems which are not just intrinsically ‘safe’ but which also result in safe outcomes in the hands of busy or poorly resourced clinicians.

8 - Multidimensional clustering

The paper presents several aspects believed to be relevant for the integration in the decision support systems for the management of radiological emergencies, of assessment tools addressing surface water contamination. Three exemplary cases are discussed in the context-the CONVEX 2005 international alert exercise, AXIOPOLIS 09, a national drill targeting a CANDU reactor at Cernavoda nuclear power plant in Romania, and Oltenia 07-a nation-wide drill around a scenario, involving trans-border effects of a virtual accident at a VVER reactor at Kozloduy, Bulgaria. The capability of different analytic tools were tested, including public deliverables like real-time, online decision support system's HDM module and model-based computerised system for management support to identify optimal remedial strategies for restoring radionuclide-contaminated aquatic ecosystems and drainage areas, as well as research-grade, home-made facilities, in order to identify and sort out merits and issues of interest in steering their effective utilisation.

CPOE in Iran—A viable prospect?: Physicians’ opinions on using CPOE in an Iranian teaching hospital

Database applications such as online transaction processing (OLTP) and decision support systems (DSS) constitute the largest and fastest-growing segment of the market for multiprocessor servers. However, most current system designs have been optimized to perform well on scientific and engineering workloads. Given the radically different behavior of database workloads (especially OLTP), it is important to re-evaluate key system design decisions in the context of this important class of applications.This paper examines the behavior of database workloads on shared-memory multiprocessors with aggressive out-of-order processors, and considers simple optimizations that can provide further performance improvements. Our study is based on detailed simulations of the Oracle commercial database engine. The results show that the combination of out-of-order execution and multiple instruction issue is indeed effective in improving performance of database workloads, providing gains of 1.5 and 2.6 times over an in-order single-issue processor for OLTP and DSS, respectively. In addition, speculative techniques enable optimized implementations of memory consistency models that significantly improve the performance of stricter consistency models, bringing the performance to within 10--15% of the performance of more relaxed models.The second part of our study focuses on the more challenging OLTP workload. We show that an instruction stream buffer is effective in reducing the remaining instruction stalls in OLTP, providing a 17% reduction in execution time (approaching a perfect instruction cache to within 15%). Furthermore, our characterization shows that a large fraction of the data communication misses in OLTP exhibit migratory behavior; our preliminary results show that software prefetch and writeback/flush hints can be used for this data to further reduce execution time by 12%.

The inference process in many existing artificially intelligent embedded systems is mostly based on a snapshot of incoming input data. It may sometimes be inappropriate to make a decision based on these current input data. The ability to suspend the current inference process and reactivate it upon specified conditions is crucial in many real-time applications. The objective of this research is to design and implement a decision support system that will detect time-related events. This system allows a representation of temporal conditions and actions so that temporal inference invocation, suspension and reactivation are possible.This decision support system consists of three major modules: the Development Engine (DE), the Knowledge Base Manager (KBM), and the Time Sensitive Inference Engine (TSIE).The development engine module allows experts to specify their knowledge in terms of rules, especially with temporal conditions; for example, “If water level is below 10 after the valve B is turned on for 2 minutes, state is warning”, and “If state is warning and the temperature of the reactor is above 1000 degree for 30 seconds, state is alarm and turn on the water pump”The user interface in this development Engine module is completely interactive, and decision tables are the tool used for rule specification. These rules will be automatically checked for inconsistency, redundancy and then stored in the knowledge base for later use by the time sensitive inference engine.A DBMS and a data base which contains historical data are required for analysis purposes. Existing database packages can be used for this.The knowledge base manager module is used to maintain and monitor the created knowledge base. The KBM also plays a role as an interface between the DBMS and the TSIE, which accesses the data base through function calls to the DBMS program. This makes the data base acceptable to TSIE.The time sensitive inference engine performs the inference and control processes on the on-line process data. These processes may be activated, suspended, and reactivated depending on the rules set by the expert. Two major sub-modules of the time sensitive inference engine are the Event Manager and the Action Executive. The event manager is responsible for periodically checking the event list, which keeps both historical and predicted events. The action executive monitors the on-line control of the system.The system is being developed on IBM personal computer. It is intended to support experts in building up knowledge bases and to support realtime process control. If users are involved in the inference process, it can be expanded with a user interface, which of course requires some kind of checking function against incomplete requests or contradictory input data. Applications of such a system would include manufacture automation systems, air traffic monitoring systems, financial market analysis and investment systems, etc.

The objective of this research is to design a decision support system to guide the executives of small enterprise in developing a strategic plan for using information systems in a computer business. The development of the system begins with a conceptual model for planning strategic information systems. This conceptual modelwas then transformed into an easy to use software running on web browser incorporating analysis tools and frameworks such as PEST, SWOT, Competitive Five Forces, TOWS matrix, Critical Success Factors, and Application portfolio. The completed decision support system software was tested to ensure that the design output meets the users’ requirements and Its objectives. A case study of one company in the personal computer industry was used to illustrate the application of this decision support system. The sales manager and marketing manager of the case company were asked to use it in a trial run. The defined business need in this case is to be the most customer-focused, competitive, efficient, and innovative computer business in Bangkok by the year 2008. The outcome of the trial run is the specification of possible IS applications to support the defined business need. These applications are then classified into 4 sets: strategic, high potential, key operational, and support in the application portfolio to be managed according to their business contribution now and in the future. The identified possible IS applications include Internet ordering, financial decision systems, marketing forecasting systems, Network ordering and purchasing systems, production planning and control systems, product quality control systems, and database management systems. From the case study, it may be concluded that the users are able to link business needs to IS application required to create competitive advantage for the company. The IS applications are derived correspondingly with a business mission and business strategy, thus ensuring that these applications are developed properly to respond to both opportunities and threats based on the company resources, reasonably. Most of the IS applications can also be traced back to the business goals and business strategies. However, the decision support system itself also has some noticeable drawbacks that cause some difficulties to the users and need to be corrected. Help systems and information support are somewhat inadequate in this version of the decision support system, especially for users with no experience in strategy formulation or SIS planning. Therefore, with further improvement, this decision support system should better serve the intended users in strategic planning of information systems.

Automated design of multidimensional clustering tables for relational databases

CADOES: An interactive machine-learning approach for sex estimation with the pelvis

With the ever more rapid development of information technology, computer and network infrastructures have become an indispensable part of modern life and work. In this evolving context, the importance of computer-assisted information analysis is increasingly evident, highlighting the need for a solid framework to support its further development. This paper attempts to establish a comprehensive, multi-dimensional technological framework to improve capacity in this crucial area. The proposed framework covers core technology areas such as databases, data warehouses, online transaction processing (OLTP), business intelligence (BI), online analytical processing (OLAP) and decision support systems (ss). By combining these fundamentals with cutting-edge technologies, including data extraction, social network analysis, and massive data analysis and advanced online analytical processing, the framework aims to create a holistic system for computer-aided information analysis. The system aims not only to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of data processing and analysis, but also to promote innovation in the way information is used for decision-making and strategic planning, contributing to the continued development and impact of all industries.