On the effective and automatic enumeration of polynomial permutation classes

A link between two classes of permutation polynomials

Major index distribution over permutation classes

Enumerating Permutation Polynomials I: Permutations with Non-Maximal Degree

A permutation class is a set of permutations closed under taking subpermutations. We study two aspects of permutation classes: enumeration and packing. <br><br> Our work on enumeration consists of two campaigns. First, we enumerate all juxtaposition classes of the form “Av(abc) next to Av(xy)”, where abc and xy are permutations of lengths three and two, respectively. We represent elements from such a juxtaposition class by Dyck paths decorated with sequences of points. Context-free grammars are then used to enumerate these decorated Dyck paths. Second, we classify as algebraic the generating functions of 1×m permutation grid classes where one cell is context-free and the remaining cells are monotone. We rely on properties of combinatorial specifications of context-free classes and use operators to express juxtapositions. Repeated application of operators resolves cases for m &gt; 2. We provide examples to re-prove known results and give new ones. Our methods are algorithmic and could be implemented on a PC. <br><br> Our work on packing consolidates current knowledge about packing densities of 4-point permutations. We also improve the lower bounds for the packing densities of 1324 and 1342 and provide rigorous upper bounds for the packing densities of 1324, 1342, and 2413. All our bounds are within 10^-4 of the true packing densities. Together with the known bounds, we have a fairly complete picture of 4-point packing densities. Additionally, we obtain several bounds (lower and upper) for permutations of length at least five. Our main tool for the upper bounds is the framework of flag algebras introduced by Razborov in 2007. We also present Permpack — a flag algebra package for permutations.

We introduce some new classes of words and permutations characterized by the second difference condition $\pi(i-1) + \pi(i+1) - 2\pi(i) \leq k$, which we call the $k$-convexity condition. We demonstrate that for any sized alphabet and convexity parameter $k$, we may find a generating function which counts $k$-convex words of length $n$. We also determine a formula for the number of 0-convex words on any fixed-size alphabet for sufficiently large $n$ by exhibiting a connection to integer partitions. For permutations, we give an explicit solution in the case $k = 0$ and show that the number of 1-convex and 2-convex permutations of length $n$ are $\Theta(C_1^n)$ and $\Theta(C_2^n)$, respectively, and use the transfer matrix method to give tight bounds on the constants $C_1$ and $C_2$. We also providing generating functions similar to the the continued fraction generating functions studied by Odlyzko and Wilf in the "coins in a fountain" problem.

This paper enumerates all juxtaposition classes of the form "$\mathrm{Av}(abc)$ next to $\mathrm{Av}(xy)$", where $abc$ is a permutation of length three and $xy$ is a permutation of length two. We use Dyck paths decorated by sequences of points to represent elements from such a juxtaposition class. Context free grammars are then used to enumerate these decorated Dyck paths.

We study sorting operators $\textrm{A}$ on permutations that are obtained composing Knuth's stack sorting operator \textrmS and the reverse operator $\textrm{R}$, as many times as desired. For any such operator $\textrm{A}$, we provide a bijection between the set of permutations sorted by $\textrm{S} \circ \textrm{A}$ and the set of those sorted by $\textrm{S} \circ \textrm{R} \circ \textrm{A}$, proving that these sets are enumerated by the same sequence, but also that many classical permutation statistics are equidistributed across these two sets. The description of this family of bijections is based on an apparently novel bijection between the set of permutations avoiding the pattern $231$ and the set of those avoiding $132$ which preserves many permutation statistics. We also present other properties of this bijection, in particular for finding families of Wilf-equivalent permutation classes.

Supercritical sequences, and the nonrationality of most principal permutation classes

Carnap (in [1], p. 566) has remarked that his measure function m* is fitting for finite languages using a fixed number of one-place predicates, i.e., for any sentence i, m*(i) is the same in all such restricted finite languages in which i occurs. The main purpose of this brief note is to show by means of a counter-example that m* does not have the intuitively desirable property of fittingness when we consider languages using two-place predicates.We first state for finite languages a general theorem (related to the results in [2]) which guides the construction of large numbers of counter-examples.Theorem. Let be the symmetric group of n letters. In a language which consists of a finite number of predicates and n individual names, the number of state descriptions in a structure description is equal to the index of some subgroup G in .Proof. Let Σ be a structure description (of a language satisfying our hypothesis) and let S be an arbitrary state description in Σ. Let π be a permutation in , and let π*S be the state description which results from S by applying the permutation π to the individual names of . It is easily verified that for every π in π*S ∊ Σ. Also, for π, ψ in ,We define the set G of permutations as follows :.

The results of investigation of the extended and broken symmetry substitution groups for elements of finite number sets are presented, with examples of the corresponding abstract structures, their computer visualization, and application in description of real structures. When studying the tables of binary transformations with broken symmetry in a computer experiment, transformation subsets (“evolutionary trees”) with convergent and divergent properties of structure oriented graph have been revealed.