Ontology-Based Nutritional Recommender System

In this article, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) framework based on Apache Spark big data processing technology is proposed for real‐time analysis of health data obtained from wireless body area networks (WBANs), which is one of the most important components of IoMT. The proposed framework consists of four layers: data source, data collection, data analytics and visualization. In addition, the proposed IoMT framework is presented with two different disease prediction scenarios, diabetes and heart disease. Diabetes and heart disease prediction processes are carried out using the random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms belonging to the Apache Spark machine learning library (MLlib). The analysis of health data generated in WBANs takes place in real‐time in the Apache Spark‐based data analytics layer. In this study, the performances of MLlib algorithms in the real‐time model developed for heart and diabetes disease are examined. The SVM algorithm with an accuracy rate of 93.33% for heart disease and the LR algorithm with an accuracy rate of 78.89% for diabetes are found to provide the best performances.

Abundant evidence indicted that P2X7 receptor show a essential role in human health and some human diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, pulmonary inflammation, tuberculosis infection, psychiatric disorders, and cancer. P2X7 receptor also has an important role in some central nervous system diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, more research suggested that P2X7 receptor also plays a crucial role in bone and joint diseases. But the effect of P2X7 receptor on skeletal and joint diseases has not been systematically reviewed. In this article, the role of P2X7 receptor in skeletal and joint diseases is elaborated. The activation of P2X7 receptor can ameliorate osteoporosis by inducing a fine balance between osteoclastic resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. The activation of P2X7 receptor can relieve the stress fracture injury by increasing the response to mechanical loading and inducing osteogenesis. But the activation of P2X7 receptor mediates the cell growth and cell proliferation in bone cancer. In addition, the activation of P2X7 receptor can aggravate the process of some joint diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute gouty arthritis. The inhibition of P2X7 receptor can alleviate the pathological process of joint disease to some extent. In conclusion, P2X7 receptor may be a critical regulator and therapeutic target for bone and joint diseases.

247. Gene Therapy with a Retroviral Vector Expressing Canine β-Glucuronidase to Juvenile (7 Week Old ) Dogs Improves the Biochemical Manifestations of MPS VII

In India, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for nearly 62% of all deaths in 2016. Four NCDs - high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease - together accounted for over 34% of these deaths. Using data from two rounds of the India Human Development Surveys (IHDSs), levels and changes in the prevalence rates of the four NCDs (based on diagnosed cases) among adults aged 15-69 years in India between 2004-05 and 2011-12 were examined by socioeconomic and demographic factors and for five broad occupation categories. The socioeconomic and demographic risk factors for each of these NCDs were determined using multiple linear logistic regression analysis of pooled data from two rounds of the IHDS. The results showed that while urban residence, age, female sex and education were associated with higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, household economic status was associated with higher odds for all four NCDs. Furthermore, increased higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease were found for the legislator/senior official/professional occupation group compared with non-workers. Skilled agricultural/elementary workers had lower odds of high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease. Craft/machine-related trade workers had higher odds of high blood pressure and diabetes, and reduced odds of asthma and heart disease. Compared with non-workers, the odds ratios for asthma were lower for all other occupational categories. During the two study decades, the Government of India implemented several programmes designed to improve the health and well-being of its people. However, more focused attention on the adult population is needed, and special attention should be paid to the issue of the occupational health of the working population through the strict implementation of work place safety protocols and the removal of potential health hazards.

Nanomedicine is the application of nanobiotechnologies to medicine. This article starts with the basics of nanobiotechnology, followed by its applications in molecular diagnostics, nanodiagnostics, and improvements in the discovery, design and delivery of drugs, including nanopharmaceuticals. It will improve biological therapies such as vaccination, cell therapy and gene therapy. Nanobiotechnology forms the basis of many new devices being developed for medicine and surgery such as nanorobots. It has applications in practically every branch of medicine and examples are presented of those concerning cancer (nanooncology), neurological disorders (nanoneurology), cardiovascular disorders (nanocardiology), diseases of bones and joints (nanoorthopedics), diseases of the eye (nanoophthalmology), and infectious diseases. Safety issues of in vivo use of nanomaterials are also discussed. Nanobiotechnology will facilitate the integration of diagnostics with therapeutics and facilitate the development of personalized medicine, i.e. prescription of specific therapeutics best suited for an individual. Many of the developments have already started and within a decade a definite impact will be felt in the practice of medicine.

Frailty Trajectories and Its Associated Factors in Japanese Older Adults.

Bone Disease in Kidney Failure: Diagnosis and Management

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that is caused by many factors, among others; allergic reactions, infections, genetics, and because of the aging process of a person. The disease that is often experienced by the elderly is a joint disease or osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis ranks first chronic diseases suffered by older people (44%), followed by hypertension (39%), reduced hearing or deafness (28%) and heart disease (27%). This is common in the joints of the body weight retention (knee and hip), the joints in the fingers and spine. This study aimed to identify the effect of ginger compress to decrease the level of pain in osteoarthritis patients at health center UPT Guluk-guluk. This research is pre-experiment is one group prepost test design, with sampling purposive technique. The population in this study were 58 people with a total sample of 41 people. Data analysis in this study using the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study previously conducted before the pain level in patients given ginger compress majority of respondents experienced a level of moderate pain (73.2%) and the level of pain in patients after given a ginger compress majority of respondents experienced a level of moderate pain (58.5%). Analysis test the effect of ginger compress to decrease the level of pain in osteoarthritis patients was measured using the Wilcoxon test showed p = 0.000 (<0.05). The conclusions of this study showed that there is an effect of ginger compress on the level of pain in osteoarthritis patients at health center UPT Guluk -guluk. It is advisable in future studies in order to conduct research using other variables that influence the reduction of pain in osteoarthritis patients.

BackgroundEvidence suggests familial aggregation and intergenerational associations for individual cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics. Over a 53‐year life course, we examined trends and association of CVH between parents and their offspring at similar mean ages.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a series of cross‐sectional analyses of the FHS (Framingham Heart Study). Parent‐offspring pairs were assessed at exams where their mean age distributions were similar. Ideal CVH was defined using 5 CVH metrics: blood pressure (<120/<80 mm Hg), fasting blood glucose (<100 mg/dL), blood cholesterol (<200 mg/dL), body mass index (<25 kg/m2), and non‐smoking. Joinpoint regression and Chi‐squared test were used to assess linear trend; proportional‐odds regression was used to examine the association between parents and offspring CVH. A total of 2637 parents were paired with 3119 biological offspring throughout 6 exam cycles. Similar patterns of declining ideal CVH with advancing age were observed in parents and offspring. Small proportions of parents (4%) and offspring (17%) achieved 5 CVH metrics at ideal levels (P‐trend <0.001). Offspring of parents with poor CVH had more than twice the odds of having poor CVH (pooled odds ratio, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.98–3.40). Over time, elevated glucose levels and obesity doubled among the offspring and were the main drivers for declining ideal CVH trends.ConclusionsParental CVH was positively associated with offspring CVH. However, intergenerational CVH gains from declining smoking rates, cholesterol, and blood pressure were offset by rising offspring obesity and elevated glucose levels. This suggests an intergenerational phenotypic shift of risk factors and the need for a family‐centered approach to cardiovascular care.

Pediatric or childhood obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder among children and adolescents worldwide. Approximately 43 million individuals are obese, 21–24% children and adolescents are overweight, and 16–18% of individuals have abdominal obesity. The prevalence of obesity is highest among specific ethnic groups. Obesity increases the risk of heart diseases in children and adults. Childhood obesity predisposes the individual to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver and kidney diseases and causes reproductive dysfunction in adults. Obesity in children is a major health concern of the developed world. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey has reported that the prevalence of obesity is on the increase in all the pediatric age groups, in males and females, and in various ethnic and racial groups. Factors, such as eating habits, genetics, environment, metabolism, and lifestyle play an important role in the development of obesity. Over 90% of obesity cases are idiopathic and less than 10% are associated with genetic and hormonal causes. Obesity occurs when the body consumes more calories than it burns, through overeating and underexercising. The symptoms of obesity include breathing disorders, sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, certain types of cancer such as prostate, bowel, breast and uterine, coronary heart disease, diabetes (type 2 in children), depression, liver and gallbladder problems, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, stroke, and joint diseases such as osteoarthritis, pain in knees and lower back. Environmental, behavioral such as consumption of convenience foods, genetic, and family factors contribute to pediatric obesity. Obesity can be countered through lower calorie consumption, weight loss and diet programs, as well as increased physical activity. A number of endogenous molecules including leptin, hypothalamic melanocortin 4 receptor, and mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, are known to affect body weight. These molecules serve as potential targets for the pharmacological manipulation of obesity. Sibutramine and orlistat are primariliy used for the treatment of adult obesity, which produces modest weight loss, of 3–8% compared to placebo. For children and obese adolescents, metformin is used in the case of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Octreotide is used for hypothalamic obesity. Bariatric surgery is performed for the treatment of severe childhood obesity. The causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity are described in the present review.

In order to evaluate the burden of disease in bone and joint diseases, DALY (Disability-adjusted Life Year) values were calculated by using existing medical database. DALY value of rheumatoid arthritis was calculated to 76,038, and the value of arthritis was calculated to 86,783. The sum of value of DALY of these diseases is about half of diabetes mellitus and very large.

This study, conducted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, analyzed the prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions affecting the pelvic limb using radiographic data from 1989 to 2019. A total of 646 radiographs were reviewed, revealing bone and joint diseases in 203 cases (31.4%), fractures in 236 cases (36.5%), and no pathological findings in 207 cases (32.1%). Among bone and joint diseases, hip dysplasia (101 cases, 49.8%) and osteoarthritis (72 cases, 35.5%) were most common, while bone tumors (10 cases, 3.7%), tenosynovitis (18 cases, 6.7%), and panosteitis (2 cases, 0.7%) were less frequent. Pelvic fractures were predominantly ilio-ischiatic (42 cases, 57.5%), followed by pubic bone (15 cases, 20.5%), iliac wing (10 cases, 13.7%), and ilium (6 cases, 8.2%) fractures. Among long bone fractures, femoral body fractures were most prevalent (74 cases, 47.4%), followed by tibial (40 cases, 25.6%), femoral head (25 cases, 16.0%), femoral head luxation (12 cases, 7.7%), and fibular fractures (5 cases, 3.2%). The high incidence of hind limb fractures highlights the vulnerability of animals to trauma, likely due to accidents or collisions common in this region. Further research is essential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and refine management strategies for bone and joint diseases across species.

BackgroundIn Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), abnormal cardiac function is typically preceded by a decade of skeletal muscle disease. Molecular reasons for differences in onset and progression of these muscle groups are unknown. Human biomarkers are lacking.MethodsWe analyzed cardiac and skeletal muscle microarrays from normal and golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs (ages 6, 12, or 47+ months) to gain insight into muscle dysfunction and to identify putative DMD biomarkers. These biomarkers were then measured using human DMD blood samples.ResultsWe identified GRMD candidate genes that might contribute to the disparity between cardiac and skeletal muscle disease, focusing on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and osteopontin (OPN/SPP1). BDNF was elevated in cardiac muscle of younger GRMD but was unaltered in skeletal muscle, while SPP1 was increased only in GRMD skeletal muscle. In human DMD, circulating levels of BDNF were inversely correlated with ventricular function and fibrosis, while SPP1 levels correlated with skeletal muscle function.ConclusionThese results highlight gene expression patterns that could account for differences in cardiac and skeletal disease in GRMD. Most notably, animal model-derived data were translated to DMD and support use of BDNF and SPP1 as biomarkers for cardiac and skeletal muscle involvement, respectively.

In today's world, the enormous information in health care is to be processed in order to identify, diagnose, detect and prevent the various diseases. Big data analysis is the challenging one because big data contain large amount of records. It is proposed to develop a centralized patient monitoring system using big data. In the proposed system, large set of medical records are taken as input. From this medical dataset, it is aimed to extract the needed information from the record of heart patients using map reduce technique. Heart disease is a major health problem and it is the leading causes of death throughout the world. Early detection of heart disease has become an important issue in the medical research fields. For heart disease detection, some features are analyzed such as RR interval, QRS interval and QT interval. The classification process states whether the patient is normal or abnormal and in the detection step using map reduce technique to detect the disease and reduce the dataset. Thus, the proposed system helps to classify a large and complex medical dataset and detect the heart disease.

Microvascular complications of diabetes: the role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors Proceedings of a Round Table Meeting, June 1999, San Diego, USA