Ontology-Driven Conceptual Modelling

This chapter describes what is meant by semantic interoperability of geographic information, the elements involved in semantic interoperability of geographic information, and how semantic interoperability of geographic information has been addressed in spatial data infrastructures (SDIs), standards, and in the Semantic Web. It is formed of ten sections. Semantics is a term used frequently in many contexts. Section 15.2 is dedicated to the description of semantics. Cognition is an area of study about the abstraction of phenomena by human beings. It is significantly related to semantics. Section 15.3 introduces basic notions of cognition related to semantics. Ontology is a well-grounded notion in the study of semantic interoperability and in the Semantic Web. Section 15.4 explains what ontology is about. This will lead to the description, in Sect. 15.5, of semantic interoperability in the context of geographic information, i.e., geosemantic interoperability. A spatial data infrastructure is the typical way in which interoperability of geographic information is implemented. Section 15.6 addresses geosemantic interoperability with respect to spatial data infrastructures. Standards underpin interoperability for geographic information and spatial data infrastructures. Section 15.7 provides an overview of the current contribution of standards bodies with respect to geosemantic interoperability. The Semantic Web makes an important contribution to semantic interoperability. Section 15.8 gives an account of the Semantic Web and its development. The Geospatial Semantic Web brings together the effort of geosemantic interoperability with the effort of the Semantic Web, as presented in Sect. 15.9. Section 15.10 provides concluding remarks on the chapter.

This research aims to find out the implementation of the human resource information system at SD Laboratorium UNG. The purpose of the information system is to help organize all functional areas of human resource management efficiently. SD Laboratorium UNG is a school that has been accredited as superior. This mini-research was conducted using a qualitative approach and data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation, and data presentation was carried out using a descriptive approach, in the form of words, writing, or oral from the subjects observed, namely the principal and teachers. Based on the mini research that has been carried out, the results show that the implementation of the Human Resource Management System at SD Laboratorium UNG has been carried out, but it has not been carried out optimally, but the school has been able to utilize the development of information and communication technology for the progress of the school towards a better direction. The applications used at SD Laboratorium UNG are Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Email, Zoom, Google Drive, WhatsApp, Ms.Word, Ms.Exel, and JunioSmart.

Enterprise information systems (IS) implementation is often part of an organization's strategic IT initiatives and requires a large investment of organizational resources, yet may fail due to inadequate management of critical success factors (CSF). Using a revelatory case study of a multi-partner COTS implementation process by a large Canadian government organization, this research investigates successful management of CSF through optimal stakeholder engagement and a balancing of control configurations. This research identifies four distinct project orientations related to stakeholder engagements—strategic, responsibility, harmony, and persuasion—that can be of significant value in managing CSF and other challenges during implementation and post-implementation phases. In addition to the identification of a need for control balancing in a multi-partner IS implementation, three key drivers responsible for triggering control balancing are identified: (a) shared understanding, (b) negative anticipation, and (c) deviation of expectations. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects people with real‐world objects to exchange data. It is performed using services and devices present in the user's activities based on the IoT. Based on a common vocabulary or mappings, knowledge and information can be exchanged by different agents, services, and devices in this scenario. The heterogeneous sources can be represented and integrated by an ontology. The Semantic Web offers semantic interoperability that facilitates communication between heterogeneous devices and technology platforms. The state‐of‐the‐art of IoT semantic interoperability is assessed and reviewed in this work. The importance and challenges of interoperability are discussed in detail with an in‐depth analysis of the requirements. IoT based semantic interoperability model is discussed with semantic annotations of data required for heterogeneous IoT devices. Additionally, it has been presented which Semantic Web technologies are incorporated, and the challenges have been studied in this research area. Agriculture is a domain where IoT applications have a lot of potentials. The market is filled with several devices that collect data from the farms and send it to the cloud. Semantic Web technology for applications in agriculture has been discussed in detail with data integration. Semantic resources for agriculture have been enlisted with linked data hubs and semantic data standards. The article aims to address the need and requirement of IoT with semantic interoperability in the field of agriculture. The use of IoT interoperability in agriculture can bring long term benefits to the farmers and increase productivity while reducing the overall costs incurred.

Chapter 8 - A research review on semantic interoperability issues in electronic health record systems in medical healthcare

Information systems are widely acknowledged to be of central importance in contemporary organizations. The transfer of information systems designed for other places that are different from the implementation context has been part of the global-local debate. In this article, it is argued that the local context should be considered in the implementation of such information systems (IS) and that local stakeholders should be involved in the entire process. This article attempts to explore the issue of interaction between the social and technical sides of the IS. I use actor network theory (ANT) to analyze and to understand how an invoice information system, called Galatee, designed by an international team and implemented in the Mozambican Electricity Company (EDM) has been adopted in practice. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The lack of implementation of modern information systems in manufacturing SMEs is discussed. The problem is investigated by consulting relevant publications, reviewing the commercial software available to SMEs and by carrying out a series of interviews with local companies. On the basis of the results, a comprehensive programme is outlined which aims to assist SMEs with the specification and implementation of information systems appropriate to their needs.

Passenger information aims at improving the user-friendliness of public transport systems while influencing passenger route choices to satisfy transit user’s travel requirements. The integration of transit information from multiple agencies is a major challenge in implementation of multi-modal passenger information systems. The problem of information sharing is further compounded by the multi-lingual and multi-cultural population of developing countries such as India. Ontology, by explicit specification of conceptualisation, not only addresses the issues pertaining to syntactic interoperability arising due to widely varied system architectures and software used by different agencies, but also ensures semantic interoperability caused by cognitive and naming heterogeneity. This paper develops a domain-specific ontology for public transport systems, which is further integrated with the domain-ontology of urban features with an objective of supporting multi-modal public transport information retrieval. The ontology thus developed is formalised using Web Ontology Language. In order to evaluate the capability of ontology in passenger information retrieval, the proposed ontology is implemented for five regular bus service routes and one bus rapid transit route in Ahmedabad city. The study defines 1336 named individuals (instances of concepts in ontology) including 293 instances of urban features and 1043 instances of public transport features. The capability of ontology in supporting general service information queries, itinerary planning, and multimodal trip planning have also been demonstrated. The study concludes that the domain-specific public transport ontology when integrated with urban features ontology, not only enables sharing of data across multiple transit agencies, but also expands the search space for passenger route choices by sharing the meaning of information.

La quete du Web semantique s'inscrit dans le prolongement de la recherche historique du sens dans le langage, avec notamment l'elaboration de systemes de classification et de catalogage. Dublin Core, en permettant la connexion de ressources heterogenes, constitue la reponse la plus elaboree aux nouveaux defis poses par l'internet. La realisation du Web semantique requiert une interoperabilite aux niveaux syntaxique et semantique. Mais l'interoperabilite semantique exige bien plus qu'un simple accord sur la signification d'un terme. Il s'agit de creer de nouveaux systemes d'organisation des connaissances pour identifier et connecter les differents niveaux d'accord requis (local, regional, national et international). L'utilisation de la logique propositionnelle, plutot que des systemes de concepts, et la reorganisation des connaissances ouvrent la voie au Web semantique en tenant compte de toute la richesse culturelle et historique et de toute la complexite du langage.

The vision of the Semantic Web is to reduce manual discovery and usage of Web resources (documents and services) and to allow software agents to automatically identify these Web resources, integrate them and execute them for achieving the intended goals of the user. Such a composed Web service may be represented as a workflow, called service flow. Current studies of Web services are not sufficient for automatic composition. This paper presents different types of compositional knowledge required for Web service discovery and composition: syntactic, semantic and pragmatic knowledge. As a proof of concept, we have implemented our framework in a cardiovascular domain which requires advanced service discovery and composition across heterogeneous platforms of multiple organizations. Within this framework, we describe (1) How to represent the compositional knowledge, which plays a role in service discovery and composition, in DAML-S; (2) How heterogeneous medical services intemperate in a composed medical service flow. (3) To solve this knowledge level integration, we build on an ontology integration method called SEMIO (Semantic Interoperability).

Integrating semantic dimension into openEHR archetypes for the management of cerebral palsy electronic medical records

After the implementation of information system will bring a series of changes to the enterprise, the staff's work content and business processes will also change. Based on the theory of job embeddedness and social network, this study focuses on relationship between employee's behavior and job performance after the implementation of information system. The job embeddedness will affect the employee performance. And the implementation of information system will bring more information exchange among employees, it will form lots of networks, and staff embedded in relationship between these networks will affect the work performance. Besides, there are three dimensions of job embeddedness: job connection, job fit and job sacrifice. Job performance is divided into two dimensions: task performance and relationship performance. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between job embeddedness and job performance, and to explore the regulate effect of relationship embeddedness between job embeddedness and job performance.

The failure rate of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) implementations is estimated to be greater than 65%. Lowering the failure rate and supporting the success of information systems (IS) are the ultimate goals of IS practitioners and researchers. However, most previous research in the area has focused on identifying factors such as critical success factors (CSFs) that are correlated with IS success. There has been little research on how IS implementation may lead to successful results. The state of knowledge in IS implementation may be likened to cooking with a list of ingredients but not the recipe. Drawing on process theory, this study examines the process of IS implementation by explaining how factors of IS implementation influence each other and how interactions among them produce results. Based on one successful case and two unsuccessful cases, we develop the process model of IS implementation, by which the process of IS implementation and the dynamics of IS success can be explained. The proposed model facilitates an understanding of how repeating patterns of IS failure can be reversed, and could serve to guide new IS implementation projects.

The ISO/HL7 27931:2009 standard intends to establish a global interoperability framework for healthcare applications. However, being a messaging related protocol, it lacks a semantic foundation for interoperability at a machine treatable level intended through the Semantic Web. There is no alignment between the HL7 V2.xml message payloads and a meaning service like a suitable ontology. Careful application of Semantic Web tools and concepts can ease the path to the fundamental concept of Shared Semantics. In this chapter, the Semantic Web and Artificial Intelligence tools and techniques that allow aligned ontology population are presented and their applicability discussed. The authors present the coverage of HL7 RIM inadequacy for ontology mapping and how to circumvent it, NLP techniques for semi-automated ontology population, and the current trends about knowledge representation and reasoning that concur to the proposed achievement.

Background SIMRS is a communication information technology system that processes and integrates the entire flow of hospital service processes in forms of coordination network, reporting and administrative procedures to obtain precise and accurate information and is part of the Health Information System. The purpose of this study was to identify how to implement computer-based administrative information systems to improve service quality performance in hospitals. The method applied in this study was a literature study to examine journal articles regarding the Implementation of Computer-Based Administrative Information Systems to Improve Service Quality Performance in Hospitals, data collection used was secondary data. The results of 20 literature journal articles study showed that the implementation of SIMRS has not run efficiently or has problems. This is because the SIMRS implemented by the hospital was considered less attention by related parties and they have not properly prepared all related to SIMRS (i.e. many officers do not understand because there are no support, supervision and evaluation from the management and technology that has not been running maximally). Conclusion, based on the Literature Review on the Implementation of Computer-Based Administrative Information Systems to Improve Service Quality Performance in Hospitals were found there were obstacles in implementing computer-based information systems, including lack of personnel, less skilled, less disciplined and less responsible personnel, facilities and infrastructure constraints (less stable Wi-Fi network and crashed system) and obstacles from the management (no training and proper SOP). To deal with these problems, IT knowledge training to the employees, improving the system and applying proper SOP should be applied so that information systems can be implemented and used in order to help simplify the work and improve service quality in hospitals in the future.