Open complex computer systems are no silver bullet

A research on open CNC system based on architecture/component software reuse technology

The recent development of open computer systems has led to new challenges for the management of computer resources and their efficient utilization [1,2]. Interconnected heterogeneous computer systems, operating in a highly parallel manner, are very different in their behaviour to those conventional computational resources operating in an isolated and non-interconnected manner. The management of these systems requires a new approach aimed at an efficient distribution of computational requirements in an environment subject to continuous change and evolution.

We strongly believe that agent-oriented approaches to system development come with a natural level of abstraction and therefore have something valuable to offer. However, in doing so, any comprehensive agent-oriented methodology necessarily has to be grounded in issues and solutions of relevance in contemporary research and development areas such as Grid computing and autonomic computing - in order to realize the visions of ambient intelligence. Current efforts of AOSE, however, mostly focus on traditional methods of software development, provides implementations of stand-alone agent systems, or isolated experimental platforms. These efforts are, of course, worthwhile in themselves but have clear limitations when it comes to their contribution and fulfillment of visions such as ambient intelligence. Consequently, in this chapter we introduce the methodological approach of online engineering. As such, this methodology has explicitly been designed to meet what we conceive as the major challenges and limitations in contemporary approaches of AOSE. In fact, we argue that these limitations primarily are due to a strong focus on current practice in software engineering, rather than on engineering of grounded open computational systems. In this respect, online engineering provides us with the models, methods, and tools to facilitate the necessary transition from programming of abstract machines towards development of grounded physical systems, e.g., from software engineering to engineering of open computational systems.

Radiofrequency (RF) energy has many advantages in thermal tumor ablation protocols. With the recent development of open MRI systems, interventional MRI procedures, including thermal ablation, have become the focus of great research interest. However, the significant interference between RF generators and MR imagers has prevented simultaneous imaging and RF ablation and, until now, has limited the role of RF-based thermal therapy in interventional MRI. Here, a simple switching circuit designed with consideration of patient safety provides compatibility between open MRI systems and RF thermal lesion generators. The experimental results show that the switching circuit allows imaging during RF ablation and opens new opportunity for MR-guided thermal therapy.

With the development of society, big data technology has been integrated into people’s production and life. The reliability of software (or components) for big data systems has received attention from people. So far, there has been relatively little research on reliability modeling and assessment of the software for big data systems. Considering the notable rise in the quantity of errors found in the later phases of testing of open source big data system software during the software development and test, this paper proposes a software reliability model based on a Weibull–Weibull distribution. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed model and the accuracy of predicting remaining faults in the software. The model proposed in this study can help developers to assess software reliability during the development of open source big data systems.

The systems engineering discipline has made great strides in developing a manageable approach to system development. This is predicated on thoroughly articulating the stakeholder requirements. However, in some engineering environments, requirements are changing faster than they can be captured and realized, making this ‘traditional' form of systems engineering less tenable. An iterative system refinement approach, characterized by open systems developments, may be a more appropriate and timely response for fast-changing needs. The open systems development approach has been utilized in a number of domains including open source software, Wikipedia®, and open innovation in manufacturing. However, open systems development appears difficult to recreate successfully, and while domain tradecraft advice is often available, no engineering management methodology has emerged to improve the likelihood of success. The authors discuss the essential features of openness in these three domains and use them to propose a conceptual framework for the further exploration of the effect of governance in determining success in such open endeavors. It is the authors' hope that further research to apply this conceptual framework to open source software projects may reveal some rudimentary elements of a management methodology for environments where requirements are highly uncertain, volatile, or ‘traditional' systems engineering is otherwise sub-optimal.

The article presents a conceptual framework for a risk-oriented approach to the development of an industrial enterprise as an element of an open socio-economic system. The authors investigate the dynamic operational environment of modern enterprises, marked by high uncertainty, growing economic risks, globalisation challenges, innovation pressure, and external instability. In this context, risk is viewed not only as a threat but also as a catalyst for change, driving adaptation, transformation, and strategic development. The article explores the dialectical interconnection of the categories of development, sustainability, and risk, arguing that economic progress is inherently linked to destabilising factors that trigger internal changes and improvement processes. Contemporary approaches to risk management are analysed, with a focus on integrating risk factors into strategic planning and highlighting innovation as both a risk enhancer and a source of strategic advantage. Particular emphasis is placed on the synergetic approach, where the enterprise is conceptualised as an open, dynamic system undergoing constant evolution due to internal and external contradictions. These contradictions – between stability and variability, between functioning and development, and between the goals of the system and its components – are seen as the core drivers of transformation, generating internal tension and enabling the transition to higher efficiency states. The authors propose a conceptual model of risk-oriented enterprise development, based on adaptive management, balanced integration of endogenous and exogenous risks, and dynamic equilibrium between continuity and change. Risk is considered a vital component of innovation capacity and long-term competitiveness. The study offers a rethinking of sustainable development as a process of continuous rebalancing through strategic contradiction management and adaptation mechanisms. Thus, risk emerges as not merely a hazard but a functional and integral force of enterprise evolution, necessitating new approaches to strategic planning and sustainable development in open systems.

A completely open source based computing system for computer generation of Fourier holograms

Low-cost conditioned place preference setup including video recording and analysis of behaviour

We studied the trends in the development of an open education system. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to develop an open education system in the context of improving Internet technologies, as well as from the standpoint of changing pedagogical views on learning technologies, taking into account new forms of socialization of young people in the Internet space. We examine the development trends of the open education system in the context of changing the elements of the pedagogical paradigm in the conditions of the information society and the dynamics of the development of information technologies themselves. Both contexts have a significant impact on the development of an open education system and allow us to come to the formulation of its new development tendencies: personification of educational environments according to professionally-oriented needs; development of methods for the natural retention of students in the environment of educational content; integration of different environments for learning purposes; inclusion in the content of the tasks of the formation of new competencies of specialists in high-tech industries for the innovation economy; orientation on innovative joint project activities. The studied development trends of the open education system of the educational process are considered as characteristic trends in the emergence of new opportunities in the field of education at the present stage of development of society.

ATALK: A decentralized agent platform for engineering open and dynamic organizations

Next generation test system tends to be more dependent on open architecture, in order to address reusability and interoperability of test solutions. This paper provides a framework of open-architecture test systems, not only realizing the fundamental modularization and integration in a general open-architecture, but also reinforcing the interchangeability of TPS & instruments, as well as parallel development of test software by ATE software technologies. Basic structure, realization details, and a case study are presented in this paper to demonstrate its feasibility and prospective for a wide range of applications.

SUMMARY Although code clones (i.e. code fragments that have similar or identical code fragments in the source code) are regarded as a factor that increases the complexity of software maintenance, tools for supporting clone refactoring (i.e. merging a set of code clones into a single method or function) are not commonly used. To promote the development of refactoring tools that can be more widely utilized, we present an investigation of clone refactoring carried out in the development of open source software systems. In the investigation, we identified the most frequently used refactoring patterns and discovered how merged code clone token sequences and

Health system strengthening in Cambodia—A case study of health policy response to social transition

New aspects of the Davies weak coupling theory of quantum relaxation