Optimal La3⁺ window in Pb₁₋ₓLaₓTiO₃: balancing structural, microstructural, dielectric, and optical properties

In this work, the optical and dielectric properties of Co doped SnO2 nanoparticles were studied using a.c. impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the Co doped SnO2 powder samples have the same tetragonal structure as pure SnO2 nanoparticles. The structural, surface morphological studies, compositional analyses and optical energy band gap were investigated by XRD, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), and UV–Vis Spectroscopy. It is evident from the XRD result that annealed SnO2 samples exhibits tetragonal crystal structure with crystallite size ranging from 8 to 12 nm. The optical band gaps value of doped SnO2 nanoparticles were calculated to be in the range 5.33–5.8 eV. Impedance spectroscopy was carried out at room temperature in the frequency range of 100 kHz–14 MHz to explore the electrical properties of Sn1−xCoxO2 nanoparticles. For all the Co doped SnO2 samples prepared with Co content x ≤ 0.04, the SnO2 lattice contracts with the increasing dopant concentration. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and a.c. electrical conductivity decrease with the increase in Co doping concentration. The decrease of dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the nanomaterial with respect to increasing frequency suggests that this nanomaterial can be employed in the fabrication of devices used at high-frequencies.

ULTEM® polyetherimide (PEI) resins have been used in opto-electronic markets since the optical properties of these materials enable the design of critical components under tight tolerances. PEI resins are the material of choice for injection molded integrated lens applications due to good dimensional stability, near infrared (IR) optical transparency, low moisture uptake and high heat performance. In most applications, parts must be produced consistently with minimal deviations to insure compatibility throughout the lifetime of the part. With the large number of lenses needed for this market, injection molding has been optimized to maximize the production rate. These optimized parameters for high throughput may or may not translate to an optimized optical performance. <br/> In this paper, we evaluate and optimize PEI injection molding processes with a focus on optical property performance. A commonly used commercial grade was studied to determine factors and conditions which contribute to optical transparency, color, and birefringence. Melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed and cycle time were varied to develop optimization trials and evaluate optical properties. These parameters could be optimized to reduce in-plane birefringence from 0.0148 to 0.0006 in this study. In addition, we have studied an optically smooth, sub-10nm roughness mold to re-evaluate material properties with minimal influence from mold quality and further refine resin and process effects for the best optical performance.

Realizing a high solar light conversion magnitude in Cr,Nd: YAG transparent ceramic is crucial to its applications in solar pumped solid state lasers. In this study, high quality Cr,Nd:YAG transparent laser ceramics with homogeneous microstructure and theoretical transmittance were fabricated, and an efficient laser oscillation of watt-level was realized by pumping ceramic at 808 nm. There were no any characteristic absorptions corresponding to Cr2+ or Cr4+ ions detected, even when the Cr3+ ion doping concentration reached 0.6 at.%. Increasing Cr3+ and Nd3+ doping concentrations significantly enhanced the emission intensity of ceramics at 1.06 µm, and energy transfer efficiency of the 0.3 at.% Cr,Nd: YAG ceramics was increased from 14.9% to 36.9% when increasing Nd3+ ion concentration from 0.3 at.% to 1.0 at.%, with an increasing magnitude of 247.6%. The results indicated that Cr,Nd: YAG transparent ceramic is a promising gain medium for solar pumped solid state lasers.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), commonly known as acrylic or plexiglass, is a widely used thermoplastic polymer renowned for its excellent optical clarity, mechanical properties, and ease of fabrication. However, its intrinsic optical properties, such as limited light absorption and scattering capabilities, pose challenges for advanced photonic applications. This paper explores the integration of metamaterials into PMMA to enhance its optical performance, leveraging the unique electromagnetic properties of metamaterials. The review systematically examines mechanisms of enhancement, including light manipulation, plasmonic effects, and refractive index modification, and highlights various integration techniques like doping with nanostructures, incorporating plasmonic nanoparticles, and using advanced synthesis methods. Fourteen key studies are analyzed to demonstrate the significant improvements achieved in PMMA’s optical properties, including enhanced light absorption, scattering, and UV resistance, as well as increased flexibility and energy efficiency. The paper also discusses current research gaps, such as achieving uniform nanoparticle distribution, ensuring long-term stability, and developing scalable fabrication techniques. Future research directions emphasize the need for advanced fabrication methods, long-term performance studies, exploration of new metamaterials, and the development of multifunctional composites. By addressing these challenges and leveraging technological advancements in nanotechnology, machine learning, and scalable manufacturing processes, PMMA-metamaterial composites can be optimized for a wide range of applications, from optoelectronics and energy harvesting to medical devices and smart technologies. This comprehensive review highlights the transformative potential of PMMA-metamaterial composites and provides valuable insights into their future development and application in various high-performance fields.

Enhanced dielectric and optical properties in Al-substituted KBiFe2O5

Fabrication and optical property improvement of gasochromic switchable mirror based on Pd/Mg[sbnd]Nb2O5 thin film

Effect of air annealing on the optical properties and luminescence performance of Ce:YAG ceramics for light-emitting diodes at different Ce concentrations

Polyfluoroalkyl-silica porous coatings with high antireflection properties and low surface free energy for glass in solar energy application

The rising demand for clean energy, especially hydrogen, has heightened the need for efficient storage materials. Perovskites, with their unique structures, show great promise for hydrogen storage and optical uses. To identify promising candidates for hydrogen storage materials, the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of four ordered vacancy double perovskite structures X2MH6 (Ba2BeH6, Ba2MgH6, Ca2BeH6, and Sr2MgH6) were predicted using density functional theory. These materials were confirmed to be stable, and their hydrogen storage capacity, mechanical properties, electronic structures, and optical performance were thoroughly analyzed. Ca2BeH6 demonstrated the highest gravimetric (6.32%) and volumetric (32.29 g·H2/L) hydrogen storage capacity, showcasing its exceptional potential. It should be noted that the hydrogen storage capacities reported here are theoretical estimates based solely on structural models, and this study does not assess the practical storage and delivery performance of these materials. Its mechanical stiffness and near-isotropic properties further enhance its practicality. Electrical studies revealed all four materials are semiconductors, all of them are direct semiconductors. Optical properties were analyzed via dielectric functions, offering key insights for designing advanced hydrogen storage and optical materials.

Due to the development of dynamic flexible organic light‐emitting diode displays, colorless polyimides (CPI) as the supporting or protecting optical films, are facing significant challenges due to the requirements of optical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. Typical CPIs are derived from TFDB (2,2‐bis(trifluoro‐methyl)‐4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl)/6FDA (4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride), which still need to be improved in both dimensional stability and optical performance. In this communication, a strong electron acceptor group, the sulfoxide bond, is first introduced into the TFDB block of CPI chains. Based on this introduction, the distribution of the electron cloud in the polymer chain is reconstructed under the strongly pulling electron effect, and the spatial conformation of the polymer chain is also affected by the rigid and twisted sulfoxide group. The influences on CPI's optical properties, especially the refractive index and the retardation, are studied and discussed in detail by experimental results and theoretical calculations. It is shown that the CPI with the sulfoxide group exhibits higher optical transparency, lower yellow index, phase retardation and coefficient of thermal expansion, which is an ideal material for CPI optical films.

In the past few decades, transparent electro-optical ceramics PLZT (9/65/35) (Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.9775O3) with special properties, particularly high transmittance in visible light, have gained much attention. However, restricted by the large ferroelectric hysteresis, the prospect is not optimistic. In this article, Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.9775-5x/4NbxO3 (abbreviated as PLZTN) transparent ceramics with varying Nb content (x = 0.000, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015) were fabricated by hot press sintering process under oxygen atmosphere. Electrical and optical properties were systematically studied. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant showed a diffuse phase transition indicated typical relaxor behaviour. Moreover, the temperature at maximum dielectric constant (Tm) are near about 63 °C, almost unchanged. Comparing with undoped samples, the PLZTN with x = 0.010 Nb doping shows a dramatic reduction of 162.5% in ferroelectric hysteresis, with only a slight decrease in the maximum polarization from 30.04 µC/cm2 to 28.53 µC/cm2. The quadratic electro optic coefficient experienced 54.8% reduction but still satisfy the application requirements. In terms of transmittance, the PLZTN samples kept a high value of transmittance (about 64%) along with increasing Nb content. Hence, the conclusion can be drawn that Nb doping in PLZT (9/65/35) is a novel strategy to reduce the ferroelectric hysteresis.

First-principles calculations of structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties of LiEu2Si3

Nanocomposites are composed of host and guest materials in general. They should be fabricated so that they may be endowed with superb performances of the guest filler materials, while keeping original performances of the host materials. In general, inorganic materials are excellent in optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, while organic materials are superb in light weight, flexibility, and processability. Such performances for both materials can be transferred, complementarily, to nanocomposites. Furthermore, novel performances that neither of them holds by nature will possibly appear in newly fabricated nanocomposites. There are three kinds of combination as for hosts and guests, i.e. inorganic-inorganic, inorganic-organic, and organic-organic composite systems. The materials that attract most attention to-date are nanocomposites that consist of organic polymers as host and inorganic substances as guest. This field was pioneered by the successful invention of polyamide/organic clay nanocomposites in 1990's. Much attention was directed toward mechanical and optical properties in the beginning. Furthermore, recent investigation is oriented also to performances including gas barrier, lubrication, thermal endurance, heat radiation, electrical conductivity, electrical insulation, aiming at drastic changes in such performances that are expected to appear by controlling material structures in nanometer scale in self-assembly mode. Investigation of various polymer nanocomposites has been intensively made on permittivity, loss tangent, electrical conductivity, space charge, TSC, dielectric breakdown, treeing breakdown (short time breakdown and treeing V-t characteristics), partial discharge (PD) resistance, electroluminescence and any other relevant characteristics. It is now recognized that all the performances as indicated above show the superiority of nanocomposites to conventional composites and especially the improvement of PD resistance, the prolongation of treeing lifetime, and the suppression of space charge formation are most prominent among them as nanocomposites. New application innovation for power apparatus is certainly expected through polymer nanocomposites.

Study of ionic conduction, dielectric relaxation, optical and electrochemical properties of AgPO3/graphene glasses for magnesium battery applications

CdS nanostructures viz. nanoleaves, nanorods, nanospheres, nanospheroids with small nanorods and average crystalline size (16–20 nm) had been solvothermally synthesized using different solvents at 200 °C. The crystalline structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction. The optical properties were resolved using UV–Visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The vibrational studies were carried out by FTIR and Raman analysis. SEM imaging technique revealed the morphological properties of all CdS nanostructures depending upon the solvent used and EDAX confirmed the elemental composition. The dielectric analysis of CdS nanostructures was carried out in frequency range 1 kHz to 5 MHz at different temperatures to study dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC conductivity.