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Water minimization in the process industry is becoming increasingly important due to increasingly stringent environmental legislation, especially for batch plants. This work proposes a dynamic programming (DP) method for the optimal design of water-using networks in batch plants. DP is a powerful framework for dealing with a large spectrum of multistage decision-making problems and has been applied in numerous chemical engineering problems. The proposed methodology is explained as follows. Firstly, based on the start time and end time of each operation, the whole process is divided into N stages. Secondly, the water requirement of water-using units in each stage is satisfied and the state of stored water and wastewater generation is determined. The backward procedure of DP is used to solve the DP problems. The target of freshwater consumption of the process and the optimal design of the water network are obtained simultaneously. In order to display the versatility of the proposed approach, four examples from literature are considered. Example 1 is a completely batch process with a fixed flowrate problem. Example 2 is a hybrid batch water system comprising various modes of operations and operating patterns. Example 3 is a fixed-mass load problem with a regeneration unit, while example 4 considers the batch water network design with multiple contaminants. The results obtained in this work were comparable with the results from literature, implying that it can be applicable to both mass transfer-based and non-mass transfer-based batch water networks.
5Optimum synthesis of an electrodialysis framework with a Background Process II: Optimization and synthesis of a water network
Optimum synthesis of an electrodialysis framework with a Background Process II: Optimization and synthesis of a water network
Read more8A Mathematical Model for Water Network Synthesis Involving Mixed Batch and Continuous Units
This paper presents a mathematical model for the synthesis of water networks for systems consisting of process units of different operation modes, namely, truly batch, semicontinuous, and continuous units. By treating a continuous process as a special case of a semicontinuous process, the original problem becomes to synthesize a batch water network comprised of truly batch and semicontinuous units operated cyclically with a fixed schedule. The model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program based on a unit-tank superstructure including all possible network interconnections. Three modified literature examples are used to illustrate the proposed approach, with both in-plant and interplant water integration analyzed.
Read more8The Optimization-based Design and Synthesis of Water Network for Water Management in an Industrial Process: Refinery Effluent Treatment Plant
The increasing awareness of the sustainability of water resources has become an important issue. Many process industries contribute to high water consumption and wastewater generation. Problems in industrial water management include the processing of complex contaminants in wastewater, selection of wastewater treatment technologies, as well as water allocation, limited reuse, and recycling strategies. Therefore, a water and wastewater treatment network design requires the integration of both economic and environmental perspectives. The aim of this work was to modify and develop a generic model-based synthesis process for a water/wastewater treatment network design problem utilizing the framework of Quaglia et al. (2013) in order to effectively design, synthesize, and optimize an industrial water management problem using different scenarios (both existing and retrofit system design). The model- based mathematical problem was formulated as mixed integer linear (MILP) and mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) and strived to identify the best wastewater treatment processes among a set of predefined alternatives that produce a minimum total annualized cost, while meeting all wastewater specification criteria. In addition, the effluent options (for different retrofit scenarios) in the modified superstructure could be set as discharge only, zero liquid discharge (total recycling), or a combination of recycling and discharge with the aim of minimizing the amount of fresh process water consumption through the recycling of treated wastewater. Also, an industrial case study of a refinery wastewater treatment plant was implemented. Alternative recycling schemes (retrofit design problem) were proposed and solved. The retrofit design solution using developed generic model-based synthesis offered a preliminary guideline for a better wastewater treatment network in terms of economic benefits and environmental impact compared to the existing process and accomplished it in an effective time frame.
Read more9Fuzzy automated targeting for trade‐off analysis in batch water networks
Automated targeting technique has recently been developed for various resource conservation network problems in continuous and batch processes. The technique is built on the targeting concept of insight‐based pinch analysis technique, and implemented on mathematical optimization framework. For batch water networks, the water sinks and sources are located within the respective time intervals before flow targeting is carried out. In this work, automated targeting is further extended by including fuzzy constraints to analyze the trade‐off between water conservation potential and the requirement for storage and/or regeneration systems. Case study from literature is used to demonstrate the newly developed fuzzy automated targeting technique. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Read more102Water and energy integration: A comprehensive literature review of non-isothermal water network synthesis
Water and energy integration: A comprehensive literature review of non-isothermal water network synthesis
Sequential approach for water-and-heat exchanger network design
A water network (WN) is designed to reduce the amount of freshwater usage in industrial processes by reuse, recycle and regeneration methods. Source is indicated as waste stream from industrial process. Sink is indicated as the feed stream of process that usually requires freshwater categorized as fixed-flow rate problem. The way to reduce freshwater required from sink is by maximizing source reuse. Mathematical programming by the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) is used to simultaneously identify the minimum amounts of freshwater needed and design an optimal network. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is used to design an optimal WN where the objective is to minimize the amount of freshwater and wastewater with a minimum number of reuse, freshwater and wastewater streams. WN with regeneration unit and treating unit is studied to futher reduce freshwater consumption. The water-and-heat exchanger network (WHEN) is designed to reduce both freshwater consumption and heat and cold utilities in fixed- flowrate process with desired temperature using mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). consists of mass balance for WN and heat balance for the heat exchanger network (HEN). The sequential step design, has two-step and four- step calculation procedures. Both two calculation methods are compared with based process consumption and other scenarios. WHEN by four-step calculation procedure give a best designed result by lowest total annual cost.
Read more65LP-based solution strategies for the optimal design of industrial water networks with multiple contaminants
LP-based solution strategies for the optimal design of industrial water networks with multiple contaminants
27Extension of pinch analysis to targeting and synthesis of water recycling networks with multiple contaminants
Extension of pinch analysis to targeting and synthesis of water recycling networks with multiple contaminants
7Performance analyses of LP and MILP solvers based on newly introduced scale: Case studies of water network problems in chemical processes
Performance analyses of LP and MILP solvers based on newly introduced scale: Case studies of water network problems in chemical processes
Read more6Synthesis and Design of Integrated Process and Water Networks
Synthesis and Design of Integrated Process and Water Networks
5Synthesis of Interplant Water Networks Using Principal Pipes. Part 1: Network Representation
This paper presents a novel representation and formulation for the synthesis of interplant water networks with the goal of achieving low-cost and simple water network designs in industrial clusters or eco-industrial parks. Building upon a spatial representation of the problem, we introduce a new interplant connectivity representation that channels water flows collectively through sets of principal pipes. These principal pipes are represented as shared pipelines that can have different functions, i.e., water collection, water distribution, or water collection and distribution. Different principal pipe categories may be structured by selecting a combination of different initial/final/feeding/receiving entities which are allowed to be connected, to form a principal pipe. Moreover, several design aspects can also be explored within a principal pipe category such as (1) the selection of a prescribed water quality, (2) pipe routing options, (3) pipe flow directions, and (4) pipe sharing scenarios. Part 1 of the paper presents the backbone of the methodology that entails the assembly of different principal pipe categories, and also demonstrates how different design aspects may be accounted for in the design process.
Read more11A stepwise optimal design of water network
A stepwise optimal design of water network
97Optimal design of pumping networks in coastal aquifers using sharp interface models
Optimal design of pumping networks in coastal aquifers using sharp interface models
3Cost versus network length criteria in water network optimal design
Cost versus network length criteria in water network optimal design
10A master–slave solving method with adaptive model reformulation technique for water network synthesis using MINLP
A master–slave solving method with adaptive model reformulation technique for water network synthesis using MINLP
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