Optimizing Google Classroom User Behaviour: An Integrated Analysis Using TAM and TPB Models

ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the ease of use variable is a positive predictor of purchase intention, to analyze the ease of use variable is a positive predictor of customer satisfaction, to analyze whether trust is a positive predictor of purchase intention, to analyze whether trust is a positive predictor of customer satisfaction and to analyze whether customer satisfaction is a positive predictor of purchase intention. The population used in this study were all users of web sites or Tokopedia applications in Indonesia. Considering the number of web site users or Tokopedia applications, the researchers took samples from the population to be respondents in the study. The research sample was collected from customers who use the Tokopedia website or application and are domiciled in the Greater Jakarta area. Hypothesis testing is done with the main data of 300 respondents. The technique in sampling in this study uses probability sampling techniques. The type of probability sampling used is the simple random sampling method. Data analysis tools were analyzed using SPSS ver 23 to measure the ease of use and trust variables of purchase intention through customer satisfaction in the Tokedia application and found that ease of use is a positive and significant predictor of purchase intention, ease of use is a positive predictor and significant to customer satisfaction, trust is a positive and significant predictor of purchase intention, trust is a positive and significant predictor of customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction is a positive and significant predictor of purchase intention.Keywords : ease of use, trust, purchase intention, customer satisfaction

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are developing rapidly across various fields. As an emerging technology, Artificial Intelligence Painting Tools (AIPT) inspire designers in different industries to explore the adoption of these fast-developing general tools, a topic worthy of discussion. Currently, no research has empirically applied the Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3) to analyze users' behavioral patterns with AIPT or investigate the factors influencing user adoption of AIPT. This study employs TAM3 to conduct an empirical investigation of Users' Behaviour (UB). A total of 645 designers participated in the survey, and the data were analyzed via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). These findings are expected to help system developers better understand users' preferences for and acceptance of AI painting, thereby fostering product innovation in AI painting. The research results show that: Subjective Norms (SN), Facilitating Conditions (FC), and Perceived Trust (PT) significantly influence Perceived Usefulness (PU); Hedonic Motivation (HM), Social Influence (SI), and Self-Efficacy (SE) significantly affect Perceived Ease Of Use (PEOU); PU and PEOU significantly impact Behavioral Intention (BI); and BI significantly influences AIPT's User Behavior (UB). This study provides targeted insights into the adoption behavior of designers in the art field toward AIPT. These results can better motivate users to engage with AIPT for artistic creation and offer a reference for research in related domains.

This research explored the participants’ use of Google Classroom and evaluated its acceptability using the Technology Acceptability Model (TAM). The respondents were limited to 56 teachers enrolled in the research methodology class in a graduate school of a certain university in Bulacan during the first semester of the school year 2019-2020. The study utilized a mixed-method design. Triangulated were the result of the TAM survey, the analysis of the open-ended survey, and the record of the submission frequency of the respondents through Google Classroom. The descriptive approach was also utilized to describe the respondents' technology acceptance when using Google Classroom through the administration of the TAM survey questionnaire. The study also determined which TAM factor affected the consistency of the use of Google Classroom the most. Among the factors, actual system use appeared to have significantly affected the respondents' consistency of using Google Classroom. A separate open-ended survey was conducted to verify the data derived from the TAM survey questionnaire. The open-ended survey revealed that despite the difficulty of having a good internet connection, all of the respondents agreed that Google Classroom is very useful, easy to use and would recommend its use to others. The consistency of actual use, through online submission, was recorded and served as the dependent variable. In terms of consistency, it was observed that 62.5% of the respondents were able to submit 11 to 12 out of 12 total number of activities through Google Classroom. It was concluded that the use of Google Classroom, though a new experience, made them realize how their life as a teacher can be more comfortable with the use of this technology. Keywords: active system use, behavioral intention, Google Classroom, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, technology acceptance

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Perceived Usefulness on Behavioral Intention, to analyze the effect of Perceived Ease of Use on Behavioral Intention and to analyze the effect of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use together on Behavioral Intention. The scope of this study focuses on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, as independent variables, and behavioral intention as the dependent variable. Henceforth, these variables will be analyzed to what extent these variables affect the process stage of consumer behavioral intention (the dependent variable) in PayTren application users. This research was conducted on 100 Paytren application users in the Greater Jakarta area. This research was conducted by providing questionnaires in the form of online questionnaires using Google Doc media and data collection was carried out over a period of two months from March to May 2022. Based on the research that has been done and the results obtained, the conclusions that can be drawn in research regarding the analysis of the use of the PayTren payment system in fostering consumer behavioral intention, it can be concluded as follows, the variable perceived usefulness has a partially significant effect on behavioral intention. The perceived ease of use variable has a partially significant effect on behavioral intention. The variable perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use simultaneously has a significant influence simultaneously on behavioral intention.

The modern classroom takes on numerous forms and expands beyond the traditional brick-and-mortar walls. Educators are increasingly expected to integrate information and communications technology (ICT) and e-learning into the modern classroom. Several variables may influence instructors’ decision-making processes about ICT integration in the classroom. Smartphone technology provides students with accessibility, the ability to communicate with others, as well as to engage with classroom material. The study aims to examine how a variety of factors (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norm, and attitude) influence behavioral intention toward the use of smartphone technology. Two hundred and ninety survey responses were analyzed to identify the relationship between these factors based on an extended technology acceptance model. The empirical results of the study revealed that subjective norms and attitudes are significant predictors of behavioral intention toward the use of smartphone technology. The article concludes by presenting implications for educators, policymakers, and education researchers derived from the academic and practical discussions based on the findings.

This study aims at assessing the various educational materials used in teaching mechanical engineering drawing to students of the Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Semarang State University, and Vocational High School. Data were obtained from 71 university students, 75 public vocational high school 1 students and 37 students of Texmaco Semarang vocational high school using the questionnaire method. Furthermore, descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance tests were used to analyze data. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the materials used in teaching mechanical engineering students are in the “very necessary” category, while that of students of vocational high school is in the “necessary” category. The difference in assessment is evidenced from the results of a one-way analysis of variance test, which found differences in the results of the assessment among university students, students of State Vocational High School 1 and Texmaco Vocational High School Semarang.

Extended abstract 1. INTRODUCTION Many rural areas of the Iran experienced population decline due to out-migration. rural to urban migration have had consequences on social, economic, and political issue. On the other hand, Mobility rates were found to be highest for people between the ages of 16 and 29 years. Within this age group, the likelihood of leaving home increases as age increases. Also the research's has shown that young people who possess higher levels of formal education tend to move out of rural communities. Therefore, Youth out-migration is a common feature of most rural areas in both developed and developing countries. In other words, ‘Should I stay or should I leave my home region?’ is one of the key life course questions that many young people must address as they grow to maturity. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action, migration intentions have in General been found to be a moderate to strong predictor of actual migration in various societies around the world. Understanding migration intentions is a difficult task, as decisions to migrate often reflect the influence of a range of factors in both origin and destination communities. Therefore, identify the influencing factors on willingness of youth to stay in their rural is important. So this study was designed to Investigate of the factors influencing on youth intention in order to stay in rural. 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK According to various studies, several factors influence the intention to stay in a rural. A literature review showed that the Image of Rural, Attitude toward rural areas, the feeling of Belonging to the rural, the Moral and Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Identity, Perceived Value of Life in the rural and Satisfaction are the factors influencing the intention to stay in the rural. 3. METHODOLOGY This study is an applied research and with the survey method was conducted. Target population of this study consisted of 420 graduated students. Using a simple Quota random sampling method, 200 students were selected for this study. The sample size was determined using the Morgan table. The study site is Ramin agricultural university in the Khuzestan province. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on the conceptual model. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The survey was pre-tested and piloted on 30 students from outside the study area. This procedure highlighted any unclear sections of the questionnaire. Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients were calculated for the pilot study and used to refine the questions for the final questionnaire. All scales indicated good-to-excellent reliability, generally 0.70–0.85. 4. DISCUSSION The results revealed a positive significant relationship between intention to stay and attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm. Moreover, the results revealed that self- identity, Image of rural, Belonging, moral norm, perceived value and satisfaction had negative significant relationship with intention. The regression showed that image of rural, attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm are significant predictors of intention. These four variables predicted 58% of the variance in intention to stay. (sig=0/0001, F= 23/10, R2 Adjust = 0/55). perceived behavioral control is a key predictor of intention. perceived value and belonging were significant predictors of satisfaction. These two variables predicted 52% of the variance in satisfaction (sig=0/0001, F= 58/23, R2 Adjust = 0/51). 5. CONCLUSION The results revealed that image, attitude, perceived behavior control and subjective norm are having an impact on stay intention. From a practical point of view, the present study provides a justification for using attitude, Image, perceived behaviour control and subjective norm dimensions in policies and programs that intend to decrease young people to migrant from rural area. a positive attitude towards rural living is a good starting point to stimulate willingness to remain in rural area. This relationship has received substantial empirical support (see Yazdanpanah & Zobeidi., 2017; Yazdanpanah et al, 2015; Liao et al., 2007). Furthermore, perceived behavior control refers to the grade to which an individual feel that the performance of behavior is under his/her volitional control. In line with findings of other studies (Liao et al., 2007), the Perceived behavior control was a determinant (main predictor) of intention. Moreover, our study unlike other studies (Yazdanpanah et al, 2015), revealed that moral norms were not a significant predictor of intention. therefore, attempts to encourage young people to stay in rural areas should focus on improving image of rural, attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms.

ObjectivesGiven the differences between general high school (GHS) and vocational high school (VHS) students, this study aimed to investigate the lifetime prevalence of non-medical use of prescription pain relievers (NMUPPR)...

Numeracy skills are essential components that must be mastered by Vocational High School (VHS) graduates to enter the workforce. Developing a quality instrument based on the Item Response Theory (IRT) approach is necessary to measure numeracy skills. Since the development process involved VHS students, the instrument is developed based on the characteristics of the users. This study aims to (1) develop a quality numeracy assessment instrument for VHS students and (2) describe the numeracy skill profile of VHS eleven graders in Sleman Regency based on the assessment result. The subjects of the wide-scale trial were 374 students from nine VHSs in the Sleman Regency of Indonesia, assessed in nine study areas. Data analysis used the Item Response Theory (IRT) of the Quest program with the outputs: (1) An instrument consisting of 35 questions involving multiple-choice, complex multiple-choice, short answer, and essay. All items are valid qualitatively based on expert judgment and quantitatively based on infit and outfit MNSQ value and unidimensionality. The test item reliability value is 0.96, including in the special category, and the person reliability estimateis 0.89, categorized as good. Based on Total Information Function (TIF) and Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), the instrument is reliable in estimating the numeracy skills of the students with the ability ranging from -3.2 to 3.3 logit or covering the ability categories of low, medium, and high. The difficulty level of all items is in the range of -2.0 to 2.0, falling into the good category. (2) Most students, covering 67% of VHS students in Sleman Regency, have numeracy skills at the Basic level.

The Coronavirus 2019 outbreak caused the world to experience a pandemic and paralyze human activities, including the education sector. Consequently, the teaching-learning system changed from face-to-face to online. This study aimed to determine how high school students' preferences and challenges in Pekanbaru city employing the Google Classroom to learn English. This descriptive study involved 30 high school and vocational high school students as the sample who obtained through purposive sample technique. Google Form and interviews with Zoom were employed to gather the data. This study found that Google Classroom was quite effective in helping students replace the learning process during a pandemic with an online learning system.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to determine which psychosocial factors are predictors of older adults’ safe food storage practices at home.Design/methodology/approachAn online structured questionnaire was developed and administered to older adults (60+). Two behavioural intention outcomes were investigated: thawing meats safely and storing leftovers within recommended guidelines. The survey instrument measured socio-demographic and TPB variables: attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions. A measure of self-reported habitual behaviour was also recorded and used to determine whether past practice influenced behavioural intentions.FindingsRespondents (n=78) demonstrated good intentions to safely defrost meats and store leftovers. The models accounted for 41 and 48 per cent of the variance in intentions to perform safe storage behaviours. Attitudes and subjective norms were predictors of intentions to safely thaw meats. Habitual behaviour was a significant predictor of behavioural intentions to safely store leftovers. Perceived behavioural control was a significant predictor of intentions to thaw meats and store leftovers.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size was small, and results are to be interpreted with caution.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that theory-based solutions to solving food safety among consumers may be a feasible strategy.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind to apply the TPB to this consumer group.

Graduates who are superior, competitive, and ready to work are the goals of vocational education. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Teaching Factory (TEFA) implementation with the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model and student work readiness on the Occupational Future Time Perspective (OFTP). Indeed, nowadays, professional/vocational graduates must be ready to enter the industrial world after graduation. This research involved 456 respondents of Vocational High School (VHS) students in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, who were determined using a proportional random sampling technique. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with data analysis using SEM AMOS. The results showed that there was a significant influence between the implementation of TEFA and the level of work readiness up to 57%, while the actual contribution of teaching and work readiness factors to future employment time was 80.7%. Overall, the results show that the implementation of TEFA has successfully helped students become more independent and ready to face the competitive world of work. Although 19.3 factors still influence work readiness and prospects, the research results do not change much. Therefore, the application of a teaching factory in the learning process is highly recommended for teachers and students in vocational schools. The implementation can be adjusted to the learning conditions and resources available in VHS. This research contributes as a source of reference in future studies related to improving practical learning and developing students' entrepreneurial skills.

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Evaluate Factors That Influence PharmD Students’ Intention to Attend Lectures

Evidence for improved sensitivity of within-participants analyses in tests of the theory of reasoned action

Google Classroom has been extensively used as a learning management system to facilitate teaching and learning processes. Despite its extensive use globally, there was a lack of research on its acceptance as perceived by secondary school students in Indonesia, particularly during emergency online learning. This study addressed this gap by examining the acceptance of Google Classroom from the perspective of Indonesian secondary school students. The study involved 307 secondary students who participated by completing online questionnaires, and two students were interviewed to gain deeper insights into their experiences and perspectives regarding the use of Google Classroom in English classes. The quantitative findings revealed that secondary students generally held high acceptance of Google Classroom as a tool for online EFL learning (M=4.05). Among the four constructs measured, three—perceived ease of use (M=3.91), perceived usefulness (M=4.27), and behavioral intention (M=4.14)—indicated high levels of acceptance, whereas actual system use was rated as moderately acceptable (M=3.65). The interview data supported these quantitative results. The study concluded that Google Classroom is well-accepted as a platform for facilitating online EFL learning among secondary school students. The findings contributed valuable evidence regarding the positive acceptance of Google Classroom for EFL learning.