Orthogonal polynomials, Hankel determinants and small eigenvalues associated with a deformed octic Freud weight

Many Hankel determinant computations arising in combinatorial analysis can be done using results from the theory of standard orthogonal polynomials. Here, we will emphasize special sequences which require the inclusion of discrete Sobolov orthogonality to find their closed form.

The six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions, or squareice, is considered for particular values of its parameters, corresponding to1-,2-,and 3-enumerations of alternating sign matrices (ASMs). Using Hankel determinant representationsfor the partition function and the boundary correlator of homogeneous square ice, it is shownhow the ordinary and refined enumerations can be derived in a very simple and straightforwardway. The derivation is based on the standard relationship between Hankel determinantsand orthogonal polynomials. For the particular sets of parameters corresponding to1-,2-,and 3-enumerations of ASMs, the Hankel determinant can be naturally related to ContinuousHahn, Meixner–Pollaczek, and Continuous Dual Hahn polynomials, respectively. Thisobservation allows for a unified and simplified treatment of ASM enumerations.In particular, along the lines of the proposed approach, we provide a completesolution to the long-standing problem of the refined 3-enumeration of ASMs.

This project aimed to gather together the latest developments in research concerning complex-valued functions from the perspective of geometric function theory. Scholars contributions weresought on topics including, but not limited to: new classes of univalent and bi-univalent functions; studies regarding coefficient estimates including the FeketeSzego functional, Hankel determinants, and Toeplitz matrices; applications of different types of operators in geometric function theory including differential, integral, fractional, or quantum calculus operators; differential subordination and superordination theories in their classical form and also concerning their recent extensionsstrong and fuzzy differential subordination and superordination theories; applications of different hypergeometric functions and orthogonal polynomials in geometric function theory. The presentation of new results obtained by using any other techniques which can be applied in the field of complex analysis were also welcomed. Hopefully, through this project, new lines of research associatedwithgeometric function theory have been highlighted and willserve toboost development inthis field.

The Painlevé equations arise from the study of Hankel determinants generated by moment matrices, whose weights are expressed as the product of “classical” weights multiplied by suitable “deformation factors,” usually dependent on a “time variable” t. From ladder operators [see A. Magnus, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 57(1-2), 215–237 (1995)], one finds second order linear ordinary differential equations for associated orthogonal polynomials with coefficients being rational functions. The Painlevé and related functions appear as the residues of these rational functions. We will be interested in the situation when n, the order of the Hankel matrix and also the degree of the polynomials Pn(x) orthogonal with respect to the deformed weights, gets large. We show that the second order linear differential equations satisfied by Pn(x) are particular cases of Heun equations when n is large. In some sense, monic orthogonal polynomials generated by deformed weights mentioned below are solutions of a variety of Heun equations. Heun equations are of considerable importance in mathematical physics, and in the special cases, they degenerate to the hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric equations. In this paper, we look at three types of weights: the Jacobi type, the Laguerre type, and the weights deformed by the indicator function of χ(a,b)(x) and the step function θ(x). In particular, we consider the following Jacobi type weights: (1.1) xα(1 − x)βe−tx, x ∈ [0, 1], α, β, t > 0; (1.2) xα(1 − x)βe−t/x, x ∈ (0, 1], α, β, t > 0; (1.3) (1−x2)α(1−k2x2)β, x∈[−1,1], α,β>0, k2∈(0,1); the Laguerre type weights: (2.1) xα(x + t)λe−x, x ∈ [0, ∞), t, α, λ > 0; (2.2) xαe−x−t/x, x ∈ (0, ∞), α, t > 0; and another type of deformation when the classical weights are multiplied by χ(a,b)(x) or θ(x): (3.1) e−x2(1−χ(−a,a)(x)), x∈R, a>0; (3.2) (1−x2)α(1−χ(−a,a)(x)), x∈[−1,1], a∈(0,1), α>0; (3.3) xαe−x(A + Bθ(x − t)), x ∈ [0, ∞), α, t > 0, A ≥ 0, A + B ≥ 0. The weights mentioned above were studied in a series of papers related to the deformation of “classical” weights.

A lock step walk is a one-dimensional integer lattice walk in discrete time. Suppose that initially there are infinitely many walkers on the nonnegative even integer sites. At each moment of time, every walker moves either to its left or to its right with equal probability. The only constraint is that no two walkers can occupy the same site at the same time. Hence we describe the walk as vicious. It is proved that as time tends to infinity, a certain limiting conditional distribution of the displacement of the leftmost walker is identical to the limiting distribution of the (scaled) largest eigenvalue of a random GOE matrix (GOE Tracy-Widom distribution). The proof is based on the bijection between path configurations and semistandard Young tableaux established recently by Guttmann, Owczarek, and Viennot. The distribution of semistandard Young tableaux is analyzed using the Hankel determinant expression for the probability obtained from the work of Rains and the author. The asymptotics of the Hankel determinant are then obtained by applying the Deift-Zhou steepest-descent method to the Riemann-Hilbert problem for the related orthogonal polynomials. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Coefficient bounds and second Hankel determinant for a subclass of symmetric bi-starlike functions involving Euler polynomials

Power series expansion of a Hankel determinant

Wronskian type determinants of orthogonal polynomials, Selberg type formulas and constant term identities

We consider polynomials that are orthogonal on $[-1,1]$ with respect to a modified Jacobi weight $(1-x)^\alpha (1+x)^\beta h(x)$, with $\alpha,\beta>-1$ and $h$ real analytic and stricly positive on $[-1,1]$. We obtain full asymptotic expansions for the monic and orthonormal polynomials outside the interval $[-1,1]$, for the recurrence coefficients and for the leading coefficients of the orthonormal polynomials. We also deduce asymptotic behavior for the Hankel determinants. For the asymptotic analysis we use the steepest descent technique for Riemann--Hilbert problems developed by Deift and Zhou, and applied to orthogonal polynomials on the real line by Deift, Kriecherbauer, McLaughlin, Venakides, and Zhou. In the steepest descent method we will use the Szegő function associated with the weight and for the local analysis around the endpoints $\pm 1$ we use Bessel functions of appropriate order, whereas Deift et al. use Airy functions.

On asymptotic properties of Freud–Sobolev orthogonal polynomials

We study the recurrence coefficients of the monic polynomials [Formula: see text] orthogonal with respect to the deformed (also called semi-classical) Freud weight [Formula: see text] with parameters [Formula: see text]. We show that the recurrence coefficients [Formula: see text] satisfy the first discrete Painlevé equation (denoted by d[Formula: see text]), a differential–difference equation and a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) in [Formula: see text]. Here [Formula: see text] is the order of the Hankel matrix generated by [Formula: see text]. We describe the asymptotic behavior of the recurrence coefficients in three situations: (i) [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] finite, (ii) [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] finite, (iii) [Formula: see text], such that the radio [Formula: see text] is bounded away from [Formula: see text] and closed to [Formula: see text]. We also investigate the existence and uniqueness for the positive solutions of the d[Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we derive, using the ladder operator approach, a second-order linear ODE satisfied by the polynomials [Formula: see text]. It is found as [Formula: see text], the linear ODE turns to be a biconfluent Heun equation. This paper concludes with the study of the Hankel determinant, [Formula: see text], associated with [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] tends to infinity.

We derive uniform asymptotic expansions for polynomials orthogonal with respect to a class of weight functions that are real analytic and behave asymptotically like the Freud weight at infinity. Although the limiting zero distributions are the same as in the Freud cases, the asymptotic expansions are different due to the fact that the weight functions may have a finite or infinite number of zeros on the imaginary axis. To resolve the singularities caused by these zeros, an auxiliary function is introduced in the Riemann–Hilbert analysis. Asymptotic formulas are established in several regions covering the whole complex plane. We take the continuous dual Hahn polynomials as an example to illustrate our main results. Some numerical verifications are also given.

This paper is concerned with the approximation by Hermite-Fejer interpolation of higher order based at the zeros of orthogonal polynomials with respect to the typical Freud weight. We will prove a convergence result for even order and a divergence result for odd order.

Interpolation of entire functions associated with some Freud weights, I

In this paper, we study the probability density function, P(c,α,β,n) dc, of the center of mass of the finite n Jacobi unitary ensembles with parameters α > −1 and β > −1; that is the probability that trMn ∈ (c, c + dc), where Mn are n × n matrices drawn from the unitary Jacobi ensembles. We compute the exponential moment generating function of the linear statistics ∑j=1n f(xj)≔∑j=1nxj, denoted by Mf(λ,α,β,n). The weight function associated with the Jacobi unitary ensembles reads xα(1 − x)β, x ∈ [0, 1]. The moment generating function is the n × n Hankel determinant Dn(λ, α, β) generated by the time-evolved Jacobi weight, namely, w(x; λ, α, β) = xα(1 − x)β e−λx, x ∈ [0, 1], α > −1, β > −1. We think of λ as the time variable in the resulting Toda equations. The non-classical polynomials defined by the monomial expansion, Pn(x, λ) = xn + p(n, λ) xn−1 + ⋯ + Pn(0, λ), orthogonal with respect to w(x, λ, α, β) over [0, 1] play an important role. Taking the time evolution problem studied in Basor et al. [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43, 015204 (2010)], with some change of variables, we obtain a certain auxiliary variable rn(λ), defined by integral over [0, 1] of the product of the unconventional orthogonal polynomials of degree n and n − 1 and w(x; λ, α, β)/x. It is shown that rn(2iez) satisfies a Chazy II equation. There is another auxiliary variable, denoted as Rn(λ), defined by an integral over [0, 1] of the product of two polynomials of degree n multiplied by w(x; λ, α, β)/x. Then Yn(−λ) = 1 − λ/Rn(λ) satisfies a particular Painlevé V: PV(α2/2, − β2/2, 2n + α + β + 1, 1/2). The σn function defined in terms of the λp(n, −λ) plus a translation in λ is the Jimbo–Miwa–Okamoto σ-form of Painlevé V. The continuum approximation, treating the collection of eigenvalues as a charged fluid as in the Dyson Coulomb Fluid, gives an approximation for the moment generating function Mf(λ,α,β,n) when n is sufficiently large. Furthermore, we deduce a new expression of Mf(λ,α,β,n) when n is finite, in terms the σ function of this is a particular case of Painlevé V. An estimate shows that the moment generating function is a function of exponential type and of order n. From the Paley-Wiener theorem, one deduces that P(c,α,β,n) has compact support [0, n]. This result is easily extended to the β ensembles, as long as the weight w is positive and continuous over [0, 1].