Os valores e o valor da moeda: hipóteses sobre a comensurabilidade e a monetarização do impacto de projetos sociais

HaemophiliaVolume 17, Issue 2 p. 313-314 Detection of int1h-related inversion of the factor VIII gene S. F. PIO, S. F. PIO Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorC. MÜHLE, C. MÜHLE Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany and Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorG. C. DE OLIVEIRA, G. C. DE OLIVEIRA CEBio and Genomics and Computational Biology Group, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorS. M. REZENDE, S. M. REZENDE Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author S. F. PIO, S. F. PIO Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorC. MÜHLE, C. MÜHLE Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany and Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorG. C. DE OLIVEIRA, G. C. DE OLIVEIRA CEBio and Genomics and Computational Biology Group, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorS. M. REZENDE, S. M. REZENDE Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02392.xCitations: 2 Suely Meireles Rezende, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190 – 2nd floor – room 243, ZIP 30130-110, Belo Horizonte – Minas Gerais – Brazil.Tel./fax: +55 31 34099746/45;e-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume17, Issue2March 2011Pages 313-314 RelatedInformation

The general objective of this study was to analyze and compare the stress in a public higher education organization of Minas Gerais in two years. The organization object of this study is a public organization, focused on teaching, research and extension, located in Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais. The methodology used here was qualitative and quantitative. It was observed that there was a reduction in the means, when the years 2016 and 2018 were compared, suggesting that there was a significant disagreement between the data from 2016 and 2018. Thus, it was concluded that the The evolution of stress in a public institution is increasing, some of the possibilities that can be taken into account is lack of motivation, frozen wages for several years, and may also feel devalued as to professional growth, as many of those involved seek professional development and better wages.

Adherence to the line of research: this study followed the Strategy, Innovation and Competitiveness that addressed the context of Youth and Adult Education (EJA) and the way a public school works to Teach Financial Education to young people and adults. It was questioned what was the evaluation of the content on financial education explored in the EJA of a school belonging to the state public network of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, from the perspective of teachers and students. Objective: to analyze the criteria explored in the didactic activities of a public school in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, in relation to Financial Education in EJA, from the perspective of teachers and students of the Três Poderes State School on the development of students in financial knowledge and management of their finances. Theories: the theoretical assumptions about financial education and literacy were presented; financial education; financial inclusion; and training, risk management, innovation and performance in people's daily lives, in addition to the culture of financial education in the context of EJA, in line with the National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC). Methods: the methodology of bibliographic review and field research was adopted, which included the application of structured questionnaires to understand the proposal of activities related to Financial Education taught to EJA students from a state school taken as a case study. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with four teachers, to find out their perception of what is explored in classes involving financial education and the receptivity of students. By combining the analysis of quantitative data from the students' structured questionnaires with the qualitative analysis of the teachers' semi-structured interviews, it was possible to obtain a more comprehensive view of the importance of the Financial Education discipline. Results: most students find Financial Education classes useful, but many feel that the content covered is still insufficient for them to effectively apply what they learn in their financial lives. Teachers believe that the content explored in the classroom covers the essential aspects of financial education, but recognize that the challenges faced by students outside of school limit the effectiveness of this teaching. The importance of continuing education of teachers was also highlighted so that they can update and diversify their pedagogical approaches, adapting them to the specific needs of EJA students.

Introduction Molecular changes in oral leukoplakia (OL) or in adjacent ‘clinically normal mucosa’ might influence the persistence/recurrence of OL, allowing an opportunity for transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. This paper discusses the surgical management of patients with OL. Short communication Clinicians must understand that available treatment options are limited in their capacity to prevent oral cancer. Surgical resection is still currently the best technique for management of OL. Patients with OL also need to adjust their lifestyle. Conclusion We call for further studies to improve our understanding. Introduction According to a workshop coordinated by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, the term oral leukoplakia (OL) applies to ‘white plaques of questionable risk, having excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no increased risk for cancer’1. OL typically presents as a white lesion of oral mucosa and is diagnosed when all other possible causes of white oral lesions are excluded1. A provisional diagnosis is made only when clinical examination is performed and any other clinical diagnosis is excluded1,2. Histological examination should support the diagnosis being mandatory for histological grading of epithelial dysplasia3. The extent or grade of dysplasia is currently the accepted reference method by which the malignant potential of OL is gauged to predict OL malignant transformation3. Key dysplastic features of stratified squamous epithelium include cellular atypia and loss of stratification4,5. Generally, dysplasia is classified by degree as mild, moderate or severe1,4,6. Despite being the gold standard method to predict malignant potential, there is little agreement between pathologists regarding epithelial dysplasia grading, and even nondysplastic lesions may transform. Subjectivity in the grading of OL, arbitrarily set grading thresholds, lack of calibration and limited knowledge of which criteria best predict malignant transformation may explain these disparities4,7,8. However, a meta-analysis has shown that the grade of dysplasia in OL and eventual malignant transformation correlate significantly9. Although excision may not eliminate this transformation, the likelihood is at least reduced9. Homogeneous OL lesions are flat, thin, uniformly white in colour and carry a low risk of malignant transformation1,2,10. On the other hand, mixed white and red lesions, with irregularly flat, nodular or verrucous areas, qualify as nonhomogeneous, and these are at high risk of progression to cancer2. The term oral verrucous leukoplakia signifies lesions with multifocal presentation that are resistant to treatment and are at a high risk of emergent cancer2. The primary risk factors for malignant transformation of OL are: (i) female gender, (ii) lesion chronicity, (iii) nonsmoker status, (iv) heterogeneous features, (v) tongue and floor of mouth sites, (vi) size >200 mm2, (vii) severity of dysplasia, (viii) aneuploidy and (xi) loss of heterozygosity2,11. Some molecular markers have shown promise in predicting the progression of premalignant oral lesions to squamous cell carcinoma, but none as yet are in routine clinical use12. Surgical techniques for managing patients with OL vary. However, randomized clinical trials have not addressed their efficacies in terms of preventing recurrent OL or its malignant transformation. This paper assesses the surgical treatment and what is achieved of patients with OL. Short Communication Treatment of OL At present, there is no scientific evidence that any manner of intervention prevents the development of squamous cell carcinoma in OL10. Recurrences may arise after surgical resection, based on mucosal field changes, which explains why widespread lesions pose a substantial threat of persistence/recurrence or malignant transformation. By definition, the concept of field cancerization denotes the presence of microscopic epithelial changes surrounding an oral cancer. Now we realize that even clinically normal mucosa, devoid of dysplasia at a microscopic level, might harbour molecular alterations predisposed to malignant transformation. Surgical excision is therefore ineffective in eradicating OL or preventing eventual malignancy. Instead, it is widely used for its potential as a diagnostic tool13. Of course, this benefit may be curtailed, if incisional biopsy is done rather than complete excision. * Corresponding author Email: rsgomez@ufmg.br 1 Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais – Brazil 2 Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais – Brazil

to investigate the factors associated with the mode of delivery in pregnant women in the city of Belo Horizonte. cross-sectional study developed with data from the study "Being born in Belo Horizonte: survey on childbirth and birth" carried out in seven maternity hospitals in Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais. The final sample consisted of 1088 pregnant/postpartum women. In this study, to verify the magnitude of the association between the outcome variable and its possible determinants (exposure variables) logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the Odds Ratio. increasing age, the lack of companionship, the hospital's private financing for performing delivery and being a first-time pregnant woman increased the chance of delivery by cesarean section. Final Considerations: the knowledge of factors associated with the prevalence of cesarean sections can support reflections among health professionals about this surgical procedure in certain situations, especially when there are no precise clinical indications.

Three Models of Corporate Social Responsibility: Interrelationships between Theory, Research, and Practice

This paper contextualises the litigation that challenged the South African government’s PMTCT policy and documents its causes and effects. It examines the resort to constitutional litigation by civil society organisations after being frustrated by what Cameron JA described in another context as ‘a pitiable saga of correspondence meetings calls appeals entreaties demands and pleas by public interest organisations’. More practically it describes a ‘contempt of people and process that does not befit an organ of government under our constitutional dispensation’. The TAC case is an interesting one both inside and outside of the legal proceedings. It raises important issues about the functional independence of the public service from the Executive on matters where there is political sensitivity and pressure. It suggests how human rights disputes might increasingly revolve around socio-economic rights and it demonstrates that skillful litigation can take advantage of constitutional promises. Finally the outcome of the case validates the Constitution and should confirm to those who still suffer marginalisation and deprivation that the Constitution can materially impact on and better their lives. It need not be as former Justice Minister Omar once suggested ‘a wonderful document’ but one which ‘because of the imbalances we have inherited . . . will be the sole preserve of the rich and powerful’. (excerpt)

BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in Brazil, and control of this disease constitutes a major challenge. The purpose of this study was to assess the existing spatial and temporal relationships between cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL) and human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) recorded in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, from 2006 to 2013.MethodsData provided by the Belo Horizonte Health Services regarding the disease control routine were analyzed in order to perform a retrospective observational and ecological study. Information regarding the incidence rate of HVL and canine seroprevalence was examined in relation to control actions performed atthe 148 coverage areas of healthcare centers for the period between 2006 and 2013. A time series analysis was performed using the Gretl 1.9.12 software followed by the assessment of the existing increasing or declining trend and seasonality in the occurrence of CanL and HVL. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were adjusted, intervention analysis was performed, vector autoregressive models were developed, and Granger causality was used for testing temporal relationships between variables. The hot spot analysis tool was used for cluster identification through Getis-OrdGi statistics. The ArcGis for desktop 10.2.1 software was used for spatial analysis.ResultsWe identified 866 HVL cases in Belo Horizonte between 2006 and 2013. The mean proportion of canine seroprevalence (PCP) was 7.31% and the mean proportion of monitored hosts (PMH) was 6.73%.HVL and PCP showed a decreasing trend, while PMH increased over time (P<0.05). Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Granger analysis showed a temporal relation between CanL and HVL cases. Maps illustrating the spatial distribution of cases and obituaries of HVL and CanL cases also showed an apparent association between the occurrence of leishmaniasis in humans, and data about canine cases recorded in the previous years.ConclusionsCases of HVL were preceded by PMH and PCP cases. Similar results were observed for intraspecific cases (i.e. between PCP and other canine cases and between HVL and other HVL cases), which indicated the existence of favorable environmental conditions for the transmission and spread of L. infantum in Belo Horizonte.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article LETTERFull AccessComplete Atrioventricular Block in a Young Schizophrenia PatientFilipi Costa Dias M.D.,Hugo Canos Prais M.D., M.Sc.,Rose M F Lisboa da Silva M.D., Ph.D.,Humberto Correa M.D., Ph.D.,Filipi Costa Dias M.D.Search for more papers by this author,Hugo Canos Prais M.D., M.Sc.Search for more papers by this author,Rose M F Lisboa da Silva M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author,Humberto Correa M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author,Published Online:1 Apr 2010https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.2010.22.2.247.e30AboutSectionsView articlePDFView EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleTo the Editor: It is widely known that psychiatric patients have higher rates of death from several causes, including cardiovascular disease, especially among those with schizophrenia. 1 A wide number of factors may contribute to this increased risk, including the use of psychotropic agents with cardiovascular adverse effects. Soon after their discovery, antipsychotics were related to sudden death. Traditionally, the main effect of antipsychotics takes place on the heart conduction system and the QT interval. 2 Complete atrioventricular block is not routinely associated with the use of antipsychotics, and, to our concern, there has been only one report of the development of atrioventricular block concurrent with the use of antipsychotics. 3We hereby present a case report of a 20-year-old man with schizophrenia who developed complete atrioventricular block during the use of antipsychotics while he was under inpatient treatment at Galba Velloso Hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. He had been under irregular psychiatric treatment since he was 16, using lithium carbonate, carbamazepine, and risperidone, and despite the treatment there had been no improvement in his state. In a psychiatric forensic exam he was diagnosed as having disorganized schizophrenia or hebephrenia. There was no medical history of clinical comorbidities other than a report of alcohol abuse since the age of Initially he was prescribed haloperidol (10 mg/day) and lorazepam (2 mg/night); carbamazepine (800 mg/day) was gradually added to his regimen in an attempt to control the impulsivity and disorganized behavior. Since there was no improvement after 18 days of this treatment, we substituted haloperidol with pimozide, 4 mg t.i.d., before trying an atypical antipsychotic. Two days after this change, the patient presented syncope with heart rate of 20 bpm and blood pressure of 140 × 90 mm Hg. A bedside ECG revealed signs of complete atrioventricular block, high amplitude QRS complexes, and a QTc of 560 ms ( Figure 1 ). He was transferred to the Hospital of Clinics of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, where a temporary transvenous pacemaker was used in an attempt to correct the arrhythmia. Although drugs were washed out, there was persistent conduction disturbance, which led to the implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Biochemical exams revealed no abnormalities in the electrolytes, liver, or kidney functions, and a chest radiography showed an increased cardio-thoracic index. Thyroid function and trypanosome serology studies had normal values. A cardiologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of asymptomatic heart failure probably due to alcoholic cardiomyopathy. An echocardiogram showed dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 39%. The patient is currently being treated with olanzapine (20 mg/day) and lithium carbonate (1,200 mg/day), resulting in good control of psychotic symptoms and disorganized behavior; he has had no other cardiovascular events since. FIGURE 1. Bedside ECG Showing Complete Atrioventricular Block, Pathological Q-Waves, and High-Amplitude QRS ComplexesThis is, up to the moment, the first case report of the development of an atrioventricular block attributable to the use of pimozide, considering that the patient had presented no cardiovascular event when he previously used carbamazepine. This report indicates the importance of clinical monitoring of psychiatric patients, in an attempt to prevent sudden events that could have lethal consequences.Postgraduation Program of the Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilMental Health Section of the Department of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, BrazilDepartment of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilDepartment of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

ABSTRACTObjective:To analyze the determinants for non-vaccination against COVID-19 in pregnant women in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Methods:An epidemiological study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using data from the project titled “Childbirth and Breastfeeding in Children of Mothers Infected by SARS-CoV-2,” developed during the pandemic in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Results:The study sample consisted of 360 pregnant women, of whom 77.89% received the COVID-19 vaccine. External, social, and institutional determinants can influence lower adherence to COVID-19 vaccination, especially the absence of employment during pregnancy, difficult access to prenatal consultations, and a compromised or deficient support network.Conclusions:In light of this scenario, greater encouragement for health education is necessary, especially during prenatal care, resulting in lower rates of morbidity and mortality and favorable perinatal outcomes.

Os autores estudaram a doença produzida pelo «Schistosoma Mansoni» em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Fizeram um resumo histórico dos próprios trabalhos, iniciados no ano de 1933 em Belo Horizonte. Em 1937 um dos autores já havia mesmo, sentido a gravidade do problema sanitário, chamando a atenção para o Govêrno de Minas Gerais. Publicam os estudos que fizeram, inclu¬sive de lagos artificial da Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, e o parecer para ali combater a verminose. Dão os aspectos clínicos da doença, chamando a atenção para alguns dos mais importantes, clínicos e cirúrgicos da verminose. Referem às dificuldades do diagnostico, terapêutica e profilaxia, expondo a distribuição geográfica em Minas Gerais e publicando um mapa baseado nos estudos próprios e de outros colegas, feitos em 88 cidades mineiras. A média geral que os autores apuraram nas cidades infestadas foi de 13,70% para o trematódeo. Propõem, como já fizeram em 1941, a criação de um Serviço de combate à Esquistosomose no Brasil.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: After more than 30 years of the epidemic and despite great achievements, the impact of HIV/AIDS infection still represents a major problem worldwide, remaining a challenge to be overcome. METHOD: This is a cohort study that evaluates the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the first year of its introduction. Only effectiveness was analyzed by measuring viral load (CV) 48 weeks after initiation. Changes related to intolerance and adverse events were not considered therapeutic failure. The study was conducted at the Reference Service for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (CTR/DIP) Orestes Diniz, in Belo Horizonte, MG, between October 2010 and January 2013. A total of 182 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. RESULTS: There was a predominance of males, mostly under 50 years of age. A high prevalence of groups of greater vulnerability to exposure to HIV was found, such as men who have sex with men, who represented 43.4% of the study sample. The overall effectiveness, as assessed by the proportion of CV < limit of detection, was 91% (166/182). Univariate and multivariate analyzes found no association between studied variables and treatment effectiveness. CONCLUSION: There was a high therapeutic success rate evaluated through VC, however the great challenge is the maintenance of individuals in the care and adherence to the treatment. Also noteworthy is the lower percentage of late initiation of ART compared to other Brazilian studies, however, still high compared to developed countries. Despite this, the immunovirological responses were superior to those described by the Ministry of Health and some efficacy studies.

O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar o potencial educativo do Ensino Híbrido como uma prática educativa em um colégio da rede particular de Belo Horizonte – Minas Gerais. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, descritiva. Quanto ao procedimento técnico, escolheu-se o estudo de caso. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi a observação não participativa. Os dados observados foram registrados em um diário de campo. Os resultados encontrados permitiram concluir que as práticas pedagógicas que fazem parte do Ensino Híbrido têm proporcionado um ensino que desperta o interesse nos alunos da Geração Internet, devido ao uso das tecnologias digitais, as quais dinamizou as aulas e motivou os alunos, que tiveram a oportunidade de vivenciar diferentes experimentos e novos conhecimentos. Ao usar as tecnologias digitais, pôde-se observar que as atuações dos alunos foram mais ativas. Além disso, o Ensino Híbrido favoreceu a colaboração entre aos alunos durante as atividades práticas e, mostrou sua potencialidade em favorecer a personalização do ensino. Também, pôde-se verificar o engajamento de todos os profissionais envolvidos nesse projeto de implementação do Ensino Híbrido no colégio, avaliando positivamente suas práticas. Os principais motivos que permitiram essa avalição foram: a escola envolveu toda a equipe para a realização do projeto sobre o Ensino Híbrido, ofereceu condições físicas, tecnológicas e pedagógicas e, começou a implementação gradativamente, dando tempo para que todos fossem se adaptando ao novo modelo.&#x0D; ensino.

In Brazil, the first “Human Milk Bank” (HMB) was implemented in 1943. Minas Gerais' oldest HMB still in operation was opened on October 19th, 1986 – the HMB of Odete Valadares Maternity Hospital [Maternidade Odete Valadares] (MOV) – and remains as a protagonist service in breastfeeding (BF) promotion in Minas Gerais. MOV has the oldest HMB of Minas Gerais, which is a reference service for maternal and child healthcare in the state. Learning about the profile of the population served by it is important as it allows ensuring and improving the conditions and resources necessary for the service, as well as facilitating the creation of strategies to improve BF support. Thus, the objective of this study was to learn about the profile of women who used MOV's HMB in a month of 2017. Descriptive study with quantitative approach. As data sources, service forms from November 2017 were used, totaling a final sample of 238 records. The services covered women who gave birth in public and private hospitals. Most mothers were aged between 20 and 34 years old, had borne their first children, were in stable relationships, and had at least 12 years of education. They had access to adequate prenatal care, delivery and postpartum care, as recommended by the Brazilian Health Ministry [Ministério da Saúde] (MS). The main reported complaint: pain. A large number of women sought the service for guidance on breastfeeding as well. The profile of the attended women is similar to that of nursing mothers from other studies. Lack of orientation was one of the main motivations for them to resort to the service, a factor that can be changed by the strengthening of public policies for an adequate follow-up throughout prenatal care.

Although 90% of clinical cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) occur in the northeastern region of Brazil, the incidence of cases in recent years has increased in southeastern states such as Minas Gerais (MG), where the disease has been reported in several cities, including Belo Horizonte, the state capital. Some studies have shown a strong correlation between the incidence of AVL and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Belo Horizonte. A study of 108 dogs with parasite Leishmania chagasi detected by immuno-histochemistry in healthy ear skin was obtained from two distinct geographical areas: 55 from a metropolitan area of the municipality (Santa Luzia, MG) and 53 dogs from a central area of Belo Horizonte. In parallel, a group of 10 beagles were experimentally infected with L. chagasi. Considering the clinical aspects of all naturally infected dogs, symptomatic dogs were more frequent than asymptomatic ones, especially animals from the metropolitan area compared with the central area (79.6% and 20.3%, respectively). A chronic exudate was observed in the ear of 51 out of 55 dogs naturally infected from the metropolitan area (92.7%) and 45 out of 53 dogs naturally infected from the central area (84.9%). Importantly, asymptomatic dogs from the central area harbor more parasites in the skin than the asymptomatic ones from the metropolitan area. In addition, a profound difference was noted in the intensity of the inflammatory reaction and parasite load in the skin of experimental infected dogs.