OSSArcFlow Guide to Documenting Born-Digital Archival Workflows

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is recommended to align treatment with patient goals, although there has been little study of the impact of ACP on in-hospital stroke treatment. Objective: To examine the association between ACP and transitions to comfort measures after stroke. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting/Subjects: Hospitalized stroke patients 45 years and older and surrogate decision makers from a population-based study in Corpus Christi, TX. Measurements: Surrogates were interviewed to assess presence of patient prestroke ACP, categorized as none, informal conversations only, or formal documentation. Patient records were reviewed for time from admission to transition to comfort measures only (CMO) (defined as in-hospital comfort measures or discharge with hospice services). Cox proportional-hazards models assessed the relationship between ACP and time to transition to CMO. Results: Of 148 included stroke patients, 37% transitioned to CMO (median time five days). For ACP, 44% had only informal conversations, 38% had formal documentation (98% of which also reported informal conversations), and 18% had neither. After adjustment for age, severity, and baseline disability, informal conversations alone (hazard ratio [HR] 3.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-9.33) and formal documentation (HR 2.85; 95% CI: 1.05-7.72) were associated with earlier transition to comfort measures compared to no ACP. There was no difference between formal documentation and informal conversations on time to comfort measures (HR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.40-1.63). Conclusions: There was no additional association of formal ACP documentation over informal conversations on time to transition to comfort measures after stroke. Further study of formal ACP is warranted.

The British invasion of the Māori region of the Waikato in 1863 was one of the most pivotal moments in the colonisation of Aotearoa New Zealand. It has been the subject of multiple authoritative histories and sits at the centre of historical discussions of sovereignty, colonial politics and the dire consequences of colonisation. This article approaches this complex historical moment through the personal histories of a Māori/Pākehā homestead located at the political and geographic epicentre of the invasion. This mixed whanau/family provides the opportunity to explore a more kinship-based ontology of the invisible lines of influence that influenced particular actions before and during the invasion. It does so by mobilising two genealogical approaches, one by author Hugh Campbell which explores the British/Pākehā individuals involved in this family and uses formal documentation and wider historical writing to explain key dynamics—but also to expose a particular limitation of reliance on Western ontologies and formal documentation alone to explain histories of colonisation. In parallel to this approach, the other author—William Kainana Cuthers—uses both formal/Western and a Māori/Pasifika relational ontology of enquiry, and in doing so, allows both authors to open up a set of key insights into this pivotal moment in the history of Aotearoa New Zealand and into the micro-dynamics of colonisation.

AimsIn the intensive care unit (ICU), delirium occurs in up to 80% of patients on mechanical ventilation. Delirium is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, long-term cognitive decline, and risk of reintubation. This initial audit aims to identify areas of improvement in the early detection, prevention, and management of delirium in the ICU of the general hospital following trust guidelines.MethodsIn this baseline audit, data was collected about all inpatients on admission over a 7-week period (81 patients in total). The parameters audited were in accordance with trust guidance on the management of delirium and compliance to this was recorded. Parameters included: the correct use and documentation of screening tools, type and cause of delirium, pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, and other demographics such as sensory impairment and length of stay. Confused patients handed over verbally during ward rounds were also assessed again at the time, with documentation and parameters reviewed.ResultsOf the 81 inpatients in the ICU, 20 were observed with delirium during their stay. The documentation of delirium via the CAM-ICU screening tool was incorrect in 25% of patients with delirium (PWDs). Furthermore, behaviour (including sleep) was only monitored for 15% of PWDs and 0% had a complete “This is me” document (support tool for patient-centred care).Sensory aids were not available for 50% of PWDs and 25% of this group had drug/alcohol dependence. A diagnosis of delirium was only formally documented in 40% of PWDs and of these, 15% had the type of delirium documented. Only 8 PWDs received a specific management plan, with 6 PWDs receiving haloperidol or lorazepam for agitation. Non-pharmacological managements were not documented.The average length of stay in the hospital was 20% longer in PWDs compared with non-delirium patients, with 10 deaths in the ICU; 50% of these being PWDs.ConclusionThere is a lack of accurate documentation and a lack of medical optimisation for PWDs, which may lead to missed delirium diagnosis, greater risk of mortality and longer hospital stays. The results highlight a need for further education about delirium in the ICU, to increase awareness for better detection, prevention and promotion of appropriate delirium management and formal documentation as per trust guidelines. Furthermore, a need to consider alternative pharmacological management for delirium, specifically in the ICU where lorazepam and haloperidol may not be suitable in consideration of anaesthetic drug interactions and respiratory support requirements.

The purpose of the Thermal Testing Measurements Report (Scientific Analysis Report) is to document, in one report, the comprehensive set of measurements taken within the Yucca Mountain Project Thermal Testing Program since its inception in 1996. Currently, the testing performed and measurements collected are either scattered in many level 3 and level 4 milestone reports or, in the case of the ongoing Drift Scale Test, mostly documented in eight informal progress reports. Documentation in existing reports is uneven in level of detail and quality. Furthermore, while all the data collected within the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP) Thermal Testing Program have been submitted periodically to the Technical Data Management System (TDMS), the data structure--several incremental submittals, and documentation formats--are such that the data are often not user-friendly except to those who acquired and processed the data. The documentation in this report is intended to make data collected within the YMP Thermal Testing Program readily usable to end users, such as those representing the Performance Assessment Project, Repository Design Project, and Engineered Systems Sub-Project. Since either detailed level 3 and level 4 reports exist or the measurements are straightforward, only brief discussions are provided for each data set. These brief discussions for different data sets are intended to impart a clear sense of applicability of data, so that they will be used properly within the context of measurement uncertainty. This approach also keeps this report to a manageable size, an important consideration because the report encompasses nearly all measurements for three long-term thermal tests. As appropriate, thermal testing data currently residing in the TDMS have been reorganized and reformatted from cumbersome, user-unfriendly Input-Data Tracking Numbers (DTNs) into a new set of Output-DTNs. These Output-DTNs provide a readily usable data structure, including graphical displays and comprehensive spreadsheets. In some cases, there was no need to reformat or restructure Input-DTNs so they remained unchanged. Thermal testing measurement data come from the characterization (pre-heating/baseline and post-cooling) and testing (heating and cooling) phases of the Large Block Test (LBT), the Single Heater Test (SHT), and the Drift Scale Test (DST). Since the LBT and SHT are completed, all phases of those two tests are addressed. DST measurements addressed in this report include preheating and the entire four-year heating phase, which ended January 14, 2002. Discussion of measurements from the ongoing cooling phase will be included in future revision(s) of this report.

Recent trends in the software development practices (Agile, De-vOps, CI) have shortened the development life-cycle causing the need for efficient security-by-design approaches. In this context, software architectures are analyzed for potential vulnerabilities and design flaws. Yet, design flaws are often documented with natural language and require a manual analysis, which is inefficient. Besides low-level vulnerability databases (e.g., CWE, CAPEC) there is little systematized knowledge on security design flaws. The purpose of this work is to present and evaluate a catalog of security design flaws accompanied by inspection guidelines for their detection. To this aim, we conduct empirical studies with master and doctoral students. This paper presents a catalog of 19 inspection guidelines for detecting security design flaws and contributes with an empirical evaluation of the inspection guidelines. We also account for the shortcomings of the inspection guidelines and make suggestions for their improvement with respect to the generalization of guidelines, catalog re-organization, and format of documentation. We record similar precision, recall, and productivity in both empirical studies.

The 1990s saw an insurgence in the use of object‐oriented (OO) technologies. Along with this shift has been an increase in the demand for metrics to aid in evaluating the processes and the products associated with these new technologies. OO measurement focuses primarily on those metrics that have been specifically developed to be used with OO technologies and products. Many traditional metrics are paradigm neutral and, therefore, can still be used in the OO paradigm to answer certain kinds of questions. As a trivial example, lines of code is as valid a size metric in the OO paradigm on which to base an estimate of the amount of paper needed to print out a software package as it is in the procedural paradigm. New language constructs, however, imply significant differences in OO program structure. Thus, metrics specifically developed for OO technologies are often required. In particular, measurements associated with classes and class structure take on significant importance in OO products. For example, measurements of reuse via class inheritance are not found in traditional procedural paradigm metric sets. Besides the change in language constructs, the OO development process frequently differs from traditional processes in several ways. Much greater emphasis is often placed on more formal documentation during the early phases of development, such as the use of UML (Unified Modeling Language); and a clearer, more direct component to component relationship can be seen across the artifacts of the system through requirements, design, coding, and testing. This increase in visibility at the earlier phases of development has resulted in a greater desire for and emphasis on metrics for measuring the products of the early phases, particularly OO requirements and design.

BackgroundRecreational cannabis laws (RCL) in the United States (US) can have important implications for people who are non-citizens, including those with and without formal documentation, and those who are refugees or seeking asylum. For these groups, committing a cannabis-related infraction, even a misdemeanor, can constitute grounds for status ineligibility, including arrest and deportation under federal immigration policy—regardless of state law. Despite interconnections between immigration and drug policy, the potential impacts of increasing state cannabis legalization on immigration enforcement are unexplored.MethodsIn this repeated cross-sectional analysis, we tested the association between state-level RCL adoption and monthly, state-level prevalence of immigration arrests and deportations related to cannabis possession. Data were from the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse. Immigration arrest information was available from Oct-2014 to May-2018 and immigration deportation information were available from Jan-2009 to Jun-2020 for. To test associations with RCLs, we fit Poisson fixed effects models that controlled for pre-existing differences between states, secular trends, and potential sociodemographic, sociopolitical, and setting-related confounders. Sensitivity analyses explored potential violations to assumptions and sensitivity to modeling specifications.ResultsOver the observation period, there were 7,739 immigration arrests and 48,015 deportations referencing cannabis possession. By 2020, 12 stated adopted recreational legalization and on average immigration enforcement was lower among RCL compared to non-RCL states. In primary adjusted models, we found no meaningful changes in arrest prevalence, either immediately following RCL adoption (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 0.84; [95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.57, 1.11]), or 1-year after the law was effective (PR: 0.88 [CI: 0.56, 1.20]). For the deportation outcome, however, RCL adoption was associated with a moderate relative decrease in deportation prevalence in RCL versus non-RCL states (PR: 0.68 [CI: 0.56, 0.80]; PR 1-year lag: 0.68 [CI: 0.54, 0.82]). Additional analyses were mostly consistent by suggested some sensitivities to modeling specification.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that decreasing penalties for cannabis possession through state RCLs may reduce some aspects of immigration enforcement related to cannabis possession. Greater attention to the immigration-related consequences of current drug control policies is warranted, particularly as more states weigh the public health benefits and drawbacks of legalizing cannabis.

This research aims to improve the quality of business processes in software development teams through the application of the CSD Matrix method. The CSD Matrix was reformulated in this research as a visual decision support tool to improve early sprint planning, by mapping project elements into three categories: certainties, suppositions, and doubts. The method was applied to the software engineering team at Mamikos through the completion of Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) indicator-based questionnaires, both before (pre-test) and after (post-test) implementation. The results showed a significant improvement in the process maturity level, from an average score of 2.70 (Level 2: Developing) to 4.20 (Level 4: Managed), especially in the areas of retrospective, requirements management, and onboarding. This finding confirms that the CSD Matrix is able to encourage the structuring of the planning process, strengthen the team's collective awareness of risks and assumptions, and improve the effectiveness of cross-functional communication. With its lightweight, visual, and adaptive characteristics to Agile work environments, CSD Matrix proves to be a practical approach that can fill the gap between formal documentation and the daily coordination needs of software development teams.

This study explores legal issues surrounding the protection of customary land ownership through the implementation of agrarian reform in Ternate City. Existing legal frameworks, particularly the Basic Agrarian Law, remain insufficient in providing explicit recognition and legal protection for customary land that continues to exist without formal documentation. This research identifies areas of customary land in Ternate that have not been registered or recognized with formal ownership rights and examines the position of customary land ownership from the perspective of legal protection theory. The findings reveal that agrarian reform has had limited impact in securing customary land rights due to the absence of legal clarity and institutional support. Moreover, the National Land Agency's current policy strategies have not effectively integrated mechanisms to acknowledge and register customary land claims. The lack of harmonized regulations contributes to legal uncertainty and hinders the realization of equitable land rights. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the urgent need for a more comprehensive regulatory framework that ensures the legal recognition and protection of customary land within the agrarian reform agenda. This will contribute to stronger legal certainty, social justice, and the preservation of indigenous communities' land rights in Ternate City.

The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has undertaken a series of research efforts to develop and implement improvements to the Community Climate Model (CCM) needed to make the model more applicable to studies of the climatic effects of nuclear war. The development of the model improvements has reached a stage where implementation may proceed, and several of the developed routines are being incorporated into the next approved version of the CCM (CCM1). Formal documentation is being completed describing the specific model improvements that have been successfully implemented. This final report includes the series of annual proposals and progress reports that have guided the project.

This paper describes an interface definition language called ADL which extends OMG's CORBA interface definition language with formal specification constructs. In addition to ADL's use in formal documentation, ADL's primary use is for testing software. ADL can be adapted for use with most programming languages.This paper also presents an overview of a testing technology based on ADL and presents the highlights of a test-data description language (TDD) used to describe test-data.

Informal settlements are built by impoverished people on invaded unpermitted land, not only to save on the cost of housing, but also on the initial cost of infrastructure. In most developing countries, the cost of formal housing is high. It is almost impossible for people in a low-income group to own their own dwellings. Informal settlements are the only housing possibility for most of the urban poor. Land tenure has been considered an important, if not necessary, element for the legal installation of services and for the self-improvement of dwellings. When householders possess legal land tenure, they have a strong motivation to improve their dwellings and build structures with more permanent materials. However, even without land tenure, self-improvement still does take place in many settlements. This paper analyses housing self-improvement in two informal settlements: La Dolorita in Caracas, Venezuela, and La Perla in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Most of the people in those settlements do not have legal land tenure. However, even without any formal documentation (such as permits), there is perceived land tenure. This perception fuels a stronger sense of connection to the land than any documentation has the power to create. Surveys have been undertaken and comparisons have been made between the improvement process of dwellings with and without land tenure, which demonstrate that the level of improvement in the dwellings is not necessarily related to the land tenure status.

The swift advancement of information technology has a significant influence on corporate operations of all sizes that employ advanced technology in conducting their commercial purposes. Advancements in the digital realm necessitate that company professionals, particularly those in the pharmaceutical industry, enhance their digital marketing and communication strategies with clients. A pharmacy is a retail establishment where pharmacists engage in the practice of pharmacological medicine. In addition to providing pharmaceutical services, pharmacies are classified as a commercial sector under the Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification (KBLI) with code 47721, which specifically refers to the retail trade of pharmaceutical products and pharmaceuticals for human use in pharmacies. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of utilising the Whatsapp social media platform on the augmentation of sales for over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, prescription drugs, vitamins, and medical gadgets at Wonomulyo Pharmacy. The selected research approach is descriptive analysis using the purposive sampling methodology. The data collecting methods include interviews, formal documentation, and participant observation. The study's findings revealed a remarkable 91.31% surge in sales achieved through WhatsApp media compared to the intended goal. The study concludes that the promotion plan using WhatsApp social media offers advantages such as market expansion, elevated sales turnover, attraction of new customers, and serves as a promotional medium

Paying taxes and dying always score pretty highly on a list of life's unpleasant certainties. For many, business disputes with suppliers, customers, employees, and fellow directors are just as likely and almost as distressing. The key difference here is that, unlike death and contributing towards the country's bank balance, commercial litigation is something that businesses can take significant steps to avoid. The article investigates some of the reasons why disputes can escalate into full-blown commercial litigation and how they can be minimised. The key to this is formal documentation, which makes sure all parties are in no doubt as to the terms and conditions of their commercial relationship.

As part of ongoing studies of the lichenized mycobiota of the Aotearoa / New Zealand archipelago we provide formal documentation of the occurrence of Alyxoria ochrocheila, Anisomeridium anisolobum, Fissurina dumastii, Porina americana and Zwackhia viridis. Through their formal documentation in peer-reviewed literature these species can now be accepted as new additions to the lichenized mycobiota of that region.