Outcome Mapping — creating a map of behavioral changes

Canadian development assistance is channeled through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), and over 200 non-governmental organizations. The CIDA contributions have emphasized technical assistance projects for the development of dairy production, beef production and small ruminants. Those projects are normally managed by Canadian universities or private contractors. The IDRC projects rarely include Canadian advisors, and while technical and administrative support is provided from IDRC's regional office and headquarters, management of the project remains the responsibility of the recipient. Among the notable achievements of the Canadian assistance programs are the setting up of various networks which allow for the better coordination of projects. The objectives of the Canadian assistance programs have been redefined in the light of experience gained to date and a better understanding of the needs of developing countries. These objectives will be addressed by greater emphasis on animal production systems; pasture and forage improvement; by-product utilization; and animal species such as sheep, goats, camelids and buffaloes.

"Oldham, Prof. (Charles Herbert) Geoffrey, (17 Feb. 1929–1 Oct. 2017), Professorial Fellow, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1966–97, then Hon. Professor (Director, 1980–92); Science Adviser to President, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, on secondment, 1992–96" published on by Oxford University Press.

This thesis explores the question of how witchcraft-related violence may be best addressed through the discipline of political science. This comparative analysis seeks to investigate the effectiveness of four actors mediation efforts: the state, religious organizations, NGOs and traditional authorities. Based on an extensive inter-disciplinary literature review and fieldwork conducted in Ghana and Cameroon, this thesis views witchcraft as a form of power and through this analysis presents two inter-related conclusions. The first conclusions argues that no actor is currently able to successfully address witchcraft-related violence or reduce the sense of spiritual insecurity which is associated with violence due to logical constraints. This is seen primarily in the inability of the state, many religions and NGOs to acknowledge the reality of witchcraft or address experiences of witchcraft which reflect the needs of those seeking redress. Where actors may share these experiences or reality, as in the case of traditional authorities, their ability is often seen as being limited by or in conflict with other actors. The second conclusion addresses this conflict by framing the logics of witchcraft and contemporary liberalism, seen in the state and NGO interventions, as a site of contention and debate; one which not only affects witchcraft-related violence in West Africa, but which also contributes to the construction of this phenomenon in academia and international discourse.

Hawkers in Southeast Asian Cities: Planning for the Bazaar Economy. By T. G. McGee and Y. M. Yeung. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1977. 138 pp. Bibliography, Appendix. $7.50. - Volume 38 Issue 2

The second in a series of articles on the activities of the Information Sciences Division (ISD) of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Examines the widening scope of ISD projects in response to a broader client base, the increasing diversity of information technology and the greater sophistication and knowledge of Third World information workers. The generalized information management system MINISIS, developed at IDRC and distributed to many countries, is described briefly. Examples of projects indicate that ISD's support of informatics is aimed at providing assistance to developing countries' researchers, planners and decision makers, development practitioners and information professionals to acquire the skills for implementing and making use of diverse information tools from microcomputers to expert systems. Concludes that ISD's informatics programme is concerned not only with producing software for developing countries, but also with filling the need for knowledge to build an indigenous information technology capacity.

Environmental ToxicologyVolume 15, Issue 4 p. 261-263 Guest editorial Gilles Forget, Gilles Forget International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada, K1G 3H9Search for more papers by this author Gilles Forget, Gilles Forget International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada, K1G 3H9Search for more papers by this author First published: 15 August 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2000)15:4<261::AID-TOX1>3.0.CO;2-1Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume15, Issue4Special Issue: WaterTox Bioassays2000Pages 261-263 RelatedInformation

Environmental ToxicologyVolume 15, Issue 4 p. 261-263 Guest editorial Gilles Forget, Gilles Forget International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada, K1G 3H9Search for more papers by this author Gilles Forget, Gilles Forget International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada, K1G 3H9Search for more papers by this author First published: 15 August 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2000)15:4<261::AID-TOX1>3.0.CO;2-1Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume15, Issue4Special Issue: WaterTox Bioassays2000Pages 261-263 RelatedInformation

African nationalisms State and Nation in the Third World: The Western State and African Nationalism. Anthony D Smith Brighton, England: Wheatsheaf Books. 1983. 171pp.£4.95pb. Nationalism and New States in Africa. Ali A Mazrui and Michael Tidy, London: Heinemann, 1984. 402pp. £16.50. £6.50pb. Alleviating Rural Poverty. Rural Development: Putting the First Last. Robert Chambers, London: Longman. 1983. 245pp. £2.00pb. Introduction to the Sociology of ‘Developing Societies‘. Edited by Hamza Alavi and Teodor Shanin, London: Macmillan. 1982. 473pp. £12.95. £5.95pb Development Assistance Policies and the Performance of Aid Agendes: Studies in the Performance of DAC, OPEC, the Regional Development Banks and the World Bank Group. Hassan M Selim, London: Macmillan. 1983. 531pp. £25.00 Third World Studies. (Open University Undergraduate Course—Code U204), Milton Keynes, England: Open University Publications. 1984. £122.25 Internationalising the Seabed. Roderick C Ogley, Aldershot, England: Gower. 1984. 256pp. £16.50 Soviet Policy and Practice Toward Third World Conflicts. Stephen T Hosmer and Thomas W Wolfe, Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books. 1983. 318pp.£19.50 International Commodity Control: A Contemporary History and Appraisal. Fiona Gordon‐Ashworth, London: Croom Helm. 1984. 356pp. £19.95 International Handbook of Educational Systems, Vol. 2: Africa and the Middle East. Edited by John Cameron and Paul Hurst, Chichester, England: John Wiley. 1983. 896pp. £25.00 Preventing School Failure: The Relationship Between Pre‐school and Primary Education. International Development Research Centre, Ottowa, Canada: International Development Research Centre. 1983. 178pp. np The Nuclear Debate: Issues and Politics. Edited by Phil Williams, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (for the Royal Institute of International Affairs). 1984. 81pp. £4.95pb Development Projects as Policy Experiments: An Adaptive Approach to Development Administration. Dennis A. Rondinelli, London: Methuen. 1983. 167pp. £10.95. £4.95pb John Maynard Keynes, Vol. 1: Hopes Betrayed 1883–1920. Robert Skidelsky, London: Macmillan. 1983. 447pp. £14.95 The Third Oil Shock: The Effects of Lower Oil Prices. Edited by Joan Pearce, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (for the Royal Institute of International Affairs). 1983. 109pp. £4.95pb Oil Crisis and Economic Adjustments: Case Studies of Six Developing Countries. Andrew MacKillop, London: Frances Pinter. 1983.180pp. £16.50 Supplying Repression: US Support for Authoritarian Regimes Abroad. Michael T Klare and Cynthia Arnson, Washington DC: Institute for Policy Studies. 1981. 145pp. np Small Community Water Supplies: Technology of Small Water Supply Systems in Developing Countries. Edited by E H Hofkes, Chichester, England: John Wiley. 1983. 442pp. £14.50 A Society for International Development: Prospectus 1984. Edited by Ann Mattis, Durham, North‐Carolina: Duke University Press. 1983. 248pp. np Markets Under the Sea? D R Denman, London: Institute of Economic Affairs. 1984. 80pp. £2.50pb The Political Economy of Pondoland 1860–1930. William Beinart, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1982. 218pp. £20.00 Energy and Development in Kenya: Opportunities and Constraints. Phil O'Keefe, Paul Raskin and Steve Bernow, Stockholm, Sweden: The Beijer Institute/Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of African Affairs, 1984. 190pp. SEK 75 The Military as an Instrument of US Policy in Southwest Asia: The Rapid Development Joint Task Force, 1979–1982. M O Johnson, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1983. 134pp. £14.00 Rich and Poor States in the Middle East: Egypt and the New Arab Order. Edited by Malcolm H Kerr and El Sayed Yassin, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 1982. 482pp. £30.25. £12.25pb Religion and Politics in Muslim Society: Order and Conflict in Pakistan. Akbar S Ahmed, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1983. 213pp. £25.00 Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus. Edited by Akbar S Ahmed and David M Hart, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1984. 343pp. £7.95pb Poppies, Pipes and People: Opium and its Use in Laos. Joseph Westermeyer, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1982. 336pp. £24.25 Singapore Development Policies and Trends. Edited by Peter S J Chen, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1983. 384pp. np The Defence of Malaysia and Singapore: The Transformation of a Security System 1957–1971. Chin Kin Wah, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1983. 219pp. £25.00 Palanpur: The Economy of an Indian Village. C J Bliss and N H Stern Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1982. 340pp. £15.00 Private Industrial Investment in Pakistan 1960–1970. Rashid Amjad, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1982. 257pp. £25.00 Iran Since the Revolution. Sepehr Zabih, London: Groom Helm. 1982. 247pp. £12.95 Controlling Latin American Conflicts: Ten Approaches. Edited by Michael A Morris and Victor Millán, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 1983. 272pp. £18.95pb Latin American Prospects for the 1980s: Equity, Democratisation and Development. Edited by A R M Ritter and D H Pollock, New York: Praeger. 1983. 330pp. £28.95 The Structure of Wages in Latin American Manufacturing Industries. Jorge Salazar‐Carrillo, Miami: University Presses of Florida. 1982. 174pp. $14.00pb Brazil's State‐Owned Enterprises: A Case Study of the State as Entrepreneur. Thomas J Trebat Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1983. 293pp. £22.50 Mexico's Economic Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities. Edited by Donald L Wyman La Jolla, California: Center for US‐Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego. 1983. 126pp. np International Handbook of Education Systems: Vol III—Asia, Australasia and Latin America. Edited by Robert Cowen and Martin McLean Chichester, England: Wiley. 1984. 844pp. £30.00 The Arms Race and Arms Control 1984—The Shorter SIPRI Yearbook—Facts and Figures. Sipri, London: Taylor and Francis. 1984. 208pp. £3.95 World Armaments and Disarmaments—SIPRI Yearbook 1984. Sipri, London: Taylor and Francis. 1984. 700pp. f 28.00 Social Stratification in the Middle East and North Africa. A Bibliographical Survey. Ali Banuazizi, London: Mansell. 1984. 248pp. £18.00 Social Science Research and Women in the Arab World. UNESCO, London: Frances Pinter. 1984. 175pp. £16.50 The International Dimensions of Human rights (2 vols). Edited by Karel Vasak, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, and Paris: UNESCO. 1982.755pp. £56.25 International Debt: Banks and the LDCs. American Express International Banking Corporation— AMEX Bank Review Special Paper No 10, London: American Express International Banking Corporation. 1984. 222pp. £100

While intersectionality holds much promise for recognising and addressing multiple forms of inequality and driving social change, it remains underused – and often depoliticised – in development research. As its uptake has been growing, concerns have emerged that decontextualised applications of the concept will dilute its transformative potential. This article examines these debates from a Global South perspective and explores the opportunities and challenges of operationalising intersectionality in research and praxis. Drawing on International Development Research Centre (IDRC)-funded studies and collaborations with southern organisations, we identify three principles for generating intersectional insights. Our analysis highlights synergies and tensions with other transformative methodologies and argues that southern perspectives are essential to sustaining intersectionality’s political force and transformative potential.

Chapter 14 - Monitoring and Assessment

The community service project titled "Strengthening the Role of Mothers in Shaping the Golden Generation: Empowerment Program at DPC IWAPI Depok" aims to empower mothers through entrepreneurship training, business management, and leadership, in order to enhance their capacity to manage businesses and play an active role in community economic development. This program involves 50 mothers who are members of DPC IWAPI Depok, who actively participated in the planning and implementation processes. The results of the program indicate an improvement in entrepreneurship and leadership skills among the mothers, as well as the emergence of local leaders capable of organizing community economic activities. Additionally, significant social changes occurred, including the formation of women-based business groups that support each other in developing their businesses. This empowerment has led to the creation of new social structures and behavioral changes that support women's empowerment at large. These findings align with theories of empowerment, social change, and transformational leadership, which emphasize the importance of individual roles in influencing social change.

Food insecurity and hunger are major challenges in many Ethiopian communities with repercussions on health and nutrition outcomes in vulnerable household members. Depending on the context, a combination of supply and demand factors, community and institutional factors may affect household food insecurity and hunger. Our objective was to determine the degree of household food insecurity and hunger, and examine the contribution of associated contextual factors, in two rural communities of Ethiopia, namely Halaba and Zeway, located in two adjacent regions of the country (SNNPR and Oromiya Regions, respectively). A sample of 630 households were randomly selected from the two districts, and levels of food insecurity and hunger were measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and Household Hunger Scale developed by Food and Nutrition Technical Assistant project (United States Agency for International Development). Multiple classification analysis was employed to explore the effects of key demand (e.g. household size, livestock) and supply (e.g. land size, wealth) factors and community (geographic location) as well as institutional (participation in food security programs) factors on food insecurity and hunger. Household food insecurity was unacceptably high in both districts (95% in Halaba &amp; 67% in Zeway). Household hunger was 38% in Halaba and 18% in Zeway. Both food insecurity and hunger were significantly greater in Halaba (p&lt;0.001), indicating an effect of geographic location. Both supply and demand factors were significant in determining household food insecurity and hunger ( p &lt;0.01); however, supply factors such as women's access to land, land size and wealth had greater influence than the demand factors. Levels of food insecurity and hunger in both communities were very high and of serious concern. We recommend increasing the food supply, and its subsequent accessibility, for households through enhancing women's access to land, improving income through savings and wealth accumulation, introducing more inclusive programs for women's participation and reducing household work‐burden by significantly enhancing productivity of cultivable land. Support or Funding Information The research was supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Department of Foreign Affairs Trade and Development (DFATD), Government of Canada, through the Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF).

Population and Health in Developing Countries. Volume 1, Population, Health, and Survival at INDEPTH Sites. INDEPTH Network. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 2002, pp. 356, (PB) $40.40 ISBN: 0-88936-948-8.

Is research ‘fit-for-purpose’ for realizing sustainable development? More than two decades after the Brundtland report and UNCED Earth summit, the world has now adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Rather than a cause for celebration, this delay should encourage reflection on the role of research in society. Why is it so difficult to realize sustainability in practice? The answer lies in the fact that universities and research centres persist with 19th century methods of data gathering, scholarly analysis, and journal articles. Today’s world needs science in real-time, whether to detect drought, confront Ebola, or assist refugees. Research needs to work faster and embrace 21st century practices including data science, open access, and infographics. A silent revolution is occurring in the ways of organizing and conducting research, enabled by new technology and encouraging work that tackles the key challenges facing society. A variety of new arrangements have come into existence that promote international collaboration, including Horizon 2020 with its emphasis on societal challenges, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation which has inspired a family of grand challenges funds on health and development, and the Future Earth joint program of research for global sustainability. These arrangements not only control billions of dollars in research funding, they also influence the strategies of national research councils and international organizations. The result is no less than a transformation in the incentives that reward how researchers invest their time and effort. Why is a revolution needed? Within research, substantial growth in knowledge production coincided with fragmentation among disciplines. One can easily find expertise and publications in soil science or agronomy, yet integrated efforts on food security and climate adaptation remain scarce. Beyond research, society remains largely uninformed, as academics avoid engaging in public debate or policy advice. Research often fails to raise public awareness or inform practitioners regarding the issues facing society and the options for responding to them. For example, research on food security can and must go beyond quantifying how many people are hungry or undernourished. Society needs solutions that connect changes in farm-level production, to how the market mediates access to food, and the ultimate health outcomes among citizens. The emerging vision is one where research helps society understand and respond to global problems. Research that is ‘fit-for-purpose’ demonstrates an ability to bridge ingenuity gaps, address grand challenges, and foster social resilience. Ingenuity gaps concern the knowledge needed to address rising complexity and new vulnerabilities introduced by globalization and technological change. Grand challenges describe a shift in the scale, scope, and ambition of research objectives. Social resilience refer to society's ability to cope with stress and reinvent itself in response to shocks and pressures. In short, together these attributes describe an expectation that research helps society to 'mind the gap', 'think big', and 'bounce'. Research needs to speak back to society. While the journal article and scholarly publications remain important determinants of a research career, they are increasingly supplemented by attention to data visualization, social media, and research impact. Research still needs rigour: deep knowledge of theory and data, and how to uncover patterns and establish explanation. Scientists have a long history of using pie charts, line graphs, and network diagrams to communicate among themselves. Yet research also needs a keen sense of design: an appreciation for how to convey relationships, categories, and magnitude through the creative use of lines, colours, symbols, position and size. Evidence-based illustrations, or infographics, convey complex issues in greater depth than long reports or TV commentaries. Research tells a story: starting with a compelling problem or question, and using data to provide perspective. Rather than offer society potential solutions or policy recommendations, newer techniques allow anyone to interact with data to create their own visualizations and test hypotheses “on demand”. In summary, there is a silent revolution in research for sustainability. Research is expected to help understand and address the problems facing society. The opportunities to engage in research are shifting, rewarding those who are embrace the practices of open science and data, those who are connected to international scientific networks, and those that help society to better understand and solve global problems. Bruce Currie-Alder Regional Director, Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC) in Cairo

Discusses how developing countries, representing the poorest 75 per cent of the world′s population, ensure that they too are able to benefit from this “Information Age”. Concentrates on a specific donor organisation, Canada′s International Development Research Centre (IRDC) dedicated to research designed and managed by the developing countries themselves in keeping with their own priorities and undertaken for their own benefit. Concludes that developing‐country information units must consolidate their operational base by convincing users and institutional administrators that their services are valuable and worth maintaining.