Parameter Identification and Speed Control of a Small-Scale BLDC Motor: Experimental Validation and Real-Time PI Control with Low-Pass Filtering

To precisely control the speed of BLDC motors at high speed and with very good performance, an accurate motor model is required. As a result, the controller design can play an important role in the effectiveness of the system. The classic controllers such as PID are widely used in the BLDC motor controllers, but they are not appropriate due to non-linear model of the BLDC motor. To enhance the performance and speed of response, many studies were taken to improve the adjusting methods of PID controller gains by using fuzzy logic. Use of fuzzy logic considering approximately interpretation of the observations and determination of the approximate commands, provides a good platform for designing intelligent robust controller. Nowadays type-2 fuzzy logic is used because of more ability to model and reduce uncertainty effects in rule-based fuzzy systems. In this paper, an interval type-2 fuzzy logic-based proportional-integral-derivative controller (IT2FLPIDC) is proposed for speed control of brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The proposed controller performance is compared with the conventional PID and type-1 fuzzy logic-based PID controllers, respectively in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simulation results show the superior IT2FLPIDC performance than two other ones.

This paper presented simulation performance of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive using sensorless back EMF (Electro Motive Force) detection technique. Sensorless technique to control BLDC motor is required for different applications. However these motors require hall sensors to detect rotor position, which will further increase cost. There are different sensorless techniques such as inductance varying, flux linkage varying and back emf sensing. Back emf sensing technique is more effective compared to other techniques. So, back emf technique is considered for performance study of BLDC motor. MATLAB Simulink is used to find performance of BLDC motor. The BLDC motor performance is analyzed from various waveforms like back emf, phase current, speed, torque with respect to time at varying loads. The simulation results obtained are satisfactory for sensorless technique.

This paper presents a notion of speed control of brushless DC (BLDC) motor through a compound control technique using CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) and PID controller. The proposed system provides effective starting and diminished cost and core loss. Compound controller realizes the dual-fed control which ensures stability and convergence of system. The initial rotor position is determined by estimating the voltage on sample resistor moreover the core loss are significantly diminished by using the ferrite material in stator core. The benefits like high control accuracy, increased efficiency, adaptability, decreased startup time and increased starting torque are attained in presented system.

This paper proposes a design of optimal PI(D) controller for brushless DC (BLDC) motor speed control by the particle swarm optimization (PSO), one of the powerful metaheuristic optimization search techniques. The proposed control system is implemented on the TMS320F28335 DSP board interfacing to MATLAB/SIMULINK. With Back EMF detection, the proposed system is considered as a class of sensorless control. This scheme leads to the speed adjustment of the BLDC motor by PWM. In this work, the BLDC motor of 100 watt is conducted to investigate the control performance. As results, it was found that the speed response of BLDC motor can be regulated at the operating speed of 800 and 1200 rpm in both no load and full load conditions. Very satisfactory responses of the BLDC system can be successfully achieved by the proposed control structure and PSO-based design approach.

This paper presents the groundwork for a novel concept of sensorless direct speed control (SDSC) in brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives. Unlike the conventional sensorless speed controls, the proposed strategy does not need proportional plus integral (PI) regulators. Thus feedback mechanism is minimized. Speed regulation is achieved by controlling rotational speed of stator flux linkage. The PI regulator is replaced with a simple comparator. The BLDC motor is excited based on a look-up table. This proposal is applicable to both two-phase and three-phase conduction modes of the BLDC motors. In this paper, principles of the proposed sensorless strategy and speed ripple calculation are described in details. The validity of this claim is verified through the simulation results.

The paper presents an efficient speed control of brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for photo-voltaic (PV) system fed system. A high-gain DC-DC converter is employed in the system to boost the PV system low output voltage to a level required for the drive system. High-gain DC-DC converter is operated in closed-loop mode to attain accurate and steady output. The converter (VSI) for BLDC is switched at fundamental frequency and thus reducing high frequency switching losses. Internal current control method is developed and employed for the speed control of PV fed BLDC motor. The appropriateness of the internal current controller for the speed control of PV fed BLDC motor is verified for increamental speed with fixed torque and decreamental speed with fixed torque operating conditions. The system is developed and results are developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software

Brushless direct current (BLDC) motor has been widely used in industrial production. Based on the method of model design, BLDC motor speed control is studied. In Matlab/Simulink, a fuzzy PID speed control model of BLDC motor is established, and C Code is generated by Real-Time Workshop (RTW) technology. After that, Code Warrior is compiled into machine Code and written into ECU. The results show that the fuzzy Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) controller can improve the speed performance of the BLDC.

Electric vehicles are currently being developed with the concept of saving energy and environmentally responsible. Electric vehicles use electric motors as the main driving motor. The electric motor which is currently increasingly used is the Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor. The BLDC motor controller is more expensive than the price of the BLDC motor itself. The BLDC motor controller has a working temperature range when working. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of variations in load values and the speed of electric vehicles on the temperature of the BLDC motor controller. This research was conducted by the experimental method by giving a treatment, then evaluating the effect caused on an object of research. The results showed that there was an influence of load value variations on the BLDC motor controller temperature. Values that look significant are at speeds of 0.5 m/sec and 2.5 m/sec starting from 3 kg to 5 kg. There is no influence on the variation of speed values on the temperature of the BLDC motor controller. The temperature value is stable at 2 kg and 3 kg loads with speed variations from 0.5 m/sec to 2.5 m/sec. Simultaneously variations in load and speed values affect the temperature of the BLDC motor controller by 57.7% with the lowest temperature value at 0.5 m/s and a load of 1 kg with a temperature of 33.34℃ and the highest temperature value at a speed of 2.5 m/sec and a load of 5 kg with a temperature of 37.58℃. Keywords: Electric vehicles, controllers, BLDC motors, temperature.

Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are frequently used in dynamic applications. A Brushless DC Motor is similar to a Brushed DC Motor, except that as the names indicate, they are electronically commutated rather than using brushes for commutation. Brushes are utilized in conventional brushed direct current motors to transmit power to the rotor while they rotate in a fixed magnetic field. Small Brushless DC Motors have flourished as a result of current power electronics and microprocessor technology, both in terms of price and performance. This paper will discuss the history of BLDC motors, their different types, construction, operating principles, and several control mechanisms for driving BLDC motors in various industrial applications. Keywords: BLDC Motor, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Hall Effect Sensors, Sensorless control, Rotor, Stator, Back Emf, Trapezoidal Control, Sinusoidal Control, Field Oriented Control

This study presents the design and development of a tire tread with a brushless DC (BLDC) motor speed control and monitoring system for an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) in mining applications. By providing precise speed control and real-time monitoring of the motor's operating parameters, the proposed system seeks to enhance the performance of UGVs used in mining operations. A BLDC motor, a motor controller, and a monitoring system that captures data on the motor's speed, temperature, and voltage are incorporated into the tire tread design. The data is wirelessly transmitted to a central control system, enabling operators to monitor the UGV's performance and make informed maintenance and operation decisions. Experiment results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system in enhancing the performance and safety of UGVs on mining sites, highlighting the system's potential for utilization in other industries.

This paper reports an investigation of pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques for twophase brushless DC (BLDC) motors fed by a two-phase eight-switch inverter in a fan application. The three-phase BLDC motor is widely applied in industry; however, a lower-cost two-phase BLDC motor and drive circuit has been greatly in demand in recent years. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical model of the two-phase BLDC motor with sinusoidal back electromotive forces (EMFs) based on traditional three-phase BLDC motors. To simplify the drive algorithm and speed up its application, we analyze the principle of block commutation for a two-phase BLDC motor drive in the 180-electricaldegree conduction mode, and we further propose five PWM schemes to improve the commutation performance of the two-phase BLDC drive. The effectiveness of the proposed PWM methods is verified through experiments.

Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor is widely used in home appliance, robot, and vehicle industry due to the merits of high power density, low noise, and simple controllability. A demands for the motor, especially slim-type BLDC motor, is expected to increase continuously since the minimizing trend of the actuators is getting attention from various applications. Because a phase inductance of the slim-type BLDC motor is large, it causes a lagging of current compared with back-electromotive force (EMF) in wide range of speed. As a result, there is a problem that reduces the motor efficiency and increases the phase current. Particularly the problem is more serious in high speed range and heavy load condition. This paper proposed control scheme for high efficiency of slim type BLDC motor which can resolve the problems as mentioned above. To synchronize the phase between the current and back-EMF of BLDC motor, it proposed lead angle control method by using current dynamics characteristic. Also, it represented the accurate calculating method of lead angle by using only the maximum value of phase current and information of DC-link voltage. For the verification of the proposed control scheme, various simulations and experiments are employed. As a result, the efficiency improvement of slim type BLDC motor is confirmed.

Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive creates major attention in industrial and domestic applications due to its low inertia, high torque and high power density. However, the major challenge in BLDC motor compared to any other drive is its initial rotor position detection. To detect the initial position of the rotor, traditionally HALL sensors are adopted which leads to high cost and unreliability. To eliminate this, the sensorless technique of speed control of BLDC motor is adopted using microcontroller. This paper mainly focuses on the start-up technique of BLDC motor where the sinusoidal commutation is used which eliminates torque ripple and provides precise smooth control. A technique called initial position detection is being focused which works based on inductive sense variation. The real-time experimentation is carried out for testing the reliability of the developed technique.

In this paper, we introduce a position sensorless control method of a micro brushless dc (BLDC) motor for accurate propulsion of mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Micro BLDC motors have low back-electromotive force (back-EMF) so line back-EMF difference method is employed to amplify the extracted back-EMF. A low-pass filter (LPF) is employed to filter out the high-frequency noise caused by on-off actions of the converter. However, the LPF causes large commutation delay, which reduces control accuracy. To eliminate the commutation delay caused by the LPF, a real-time commutation delay compensation method is introduced. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution for reducing carbon emissions. The performance of an EV is highly influenced by the control method of the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The main challenges in EV applications include the motor stability at low speeds and the power consumption during high acceleration changes. This research proposes a novel BLDC motor control strategy that combines Direct Power Control (DPC) and FieldOriented Control (FOC) to enhance motor efficiency and stability. The DPC method regulates the power consumption of the BLDC motor, whereas FOC ensures stability at low speeds. The proposed hybrid control system was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink on a BLDC motor drive. The simulation results indicate improved motor stability at low speeds and reduced power consumption, confirming the effectiveness of the hybrid DPC-FOC approach for BLDC motor control.