Parameter sensitivity analysis for CO-mediated sickle cell de-polymerization

System failures of the complex electromechanical system ha ve strong coupling, integration and cross. Reliability design performed at the system level will get a better profit than at the bottom under the same conditions. For improving the system reliability and reducing the costs, taking advantage of agent-oriented modelling theory, a novel system reliability analysis model called system failure evolution model is proposed, and a sensitivity analysis method is introduced to accommodate the model. By simulating the generation, evolution and propagation of system failures, system reliability and mechanisms of system failure can be studied. Combined with significance tests and pseudo-Monte Carlo simulations, the Sobol' method is used to do multi-parameter sensitivity analysis. Finally, a comparative analysis example of the servo-feed system was given to demonstrate the usability and advantage of the proposed model, and the parameter sensitivity analysis were performed after simulating the evolution of system failures.

The rates of binding and dissociation of CO and hybrid-heme hemoglobins, in which one chain contains protoheme and the other chain meso- or deuteroheme, were measured at each heme site independently of changes at the partner chain site. The rates were also determined on isolated chains. The binding reaction of CO to hybrid-heme hemoglobins follows an autocatalytic process characteristic of a heme-heme interaction, and the initial and final values of the apparent second order rate constants of this reaction were obtained. The rate constant of the dissociation of the CO molecule from saturated hemoglobins was also estimated by the NO replacement method. All of these rate constants were compared with those determined for isolated chains containing the corresponding heme. For isolated chains, the rate of CO binding to β chains is usually larger than that to α chains containing the same heme, and the rate of CO dissociation from β chains is slower than that from the corresponding α chains. In hybrid-heme hemoglobins, when the rates were compared with those of corresponding isolated chains, CO binding to the β chains was slowed down more than that to the α chains. Moreover, the rate of CO dissociation from β chains was increased, while that from α chains was decreased. It was suggested that a conformational change occurs upon formation of a tetramer molecule (composed of α and β chains) which changes β chains from a more accessible state to the CO molecule than α chains to a less accessible state with respect to both the binding and dissociation processes.

Movement Behavior in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease Compared to Healthy Adults: Preliminary Results

A US-Wide Red Blood Cell Alloantibody Exchange Can Decrease Mortality and Produce Cost Savings in the Care of Alloimmunized Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Richardson extrapolation-based sensitivity analysis in the multi-objective optimization of analog circuits

Analysis of dynamic wave model for flood routing in natural rivers

The utility of transient sensitivity for wildlife management and conservation: Bison as a case study

This paper used both methods of single parameter and Multi-parameter combination sensitivity analysis in groundwater numerical model parameter sensitivity analysis. With the examples of Jiaozuo, Henan province, choosing coefficient of permeability, porosity and longitudinal dispersion degree as factor, the paper analysis the main controlling factors of contaminant migration of Hexavalent chromium in groundwater. Single parameter sensitivity analysis results show that the permeability coefficient gives largest impact to the migration of hexavalent chromium. It is positively correlates with groundwater numerical model. The rest of the parameters assume the inverse correlation. Multi-parameter combination sensitivity analysis results show that the permeability coefficient has absolute advantage among various parameter combinations. Another conclusion is that longitudinal dispersion degree affects smaller on the process of hexavalent chromium pollutants migration, but the impact on the final density is bigger.

An investigation of the allosteric functioning of the haemoglobin of the cane toad, Bufo marinus

We have successfully immobilized Allochromatium vinosum cytochrome c' on carboxylic acid-terminated thiol monolayers on gold and have investigated its electron-transfer and ligand binding properties. Immobilization could only be achieved for pH's ranging from 3.5 to 5.5, reflecting the fact that the protein is only sufficiently positively charged below pH 5.5 (pI = 4.9). Upon immobilization, the protein retains a near-native conformation, as is suggested by the observed potential of 85 mV vs SHE for the heme FeIII/FeII transition, which is close to the value of 60 mV reported in solution. The electron-transfer rate to the immobilized protein depends on the length of the thiol spacer, displaying distance-dependent electron tunneling for long thiols and distance-independent protein reorganization for short thiols. The unique CO-induced dimer-to-monomer transition observed for cytochrome c' in solution also seems to occur for immobilized cytochrome c'. Upon saturation with CO, a new anodic peak corresponding to the oxidation of an FeII-CO adduct is observed. CO binding is accompanied by a significant decrease in protein coverage, which could be due to weaker electrostatic interactions between the self-assembled monolayer and cytochrome c' in its monomeric form as compared to those in its dimeric form. The observed CO binding rate of 24 M-1 s-1 is slightly slower than the binding rate in solution (48 M-1 s-1), which could be due to electrostatic protein-electrode interactions or could be the result of protein crowding on the surface. This study shows that the use of carboxyl acid-terminated thiol monolayers as a protein friendly method to immobilize redox proteins on gold electrodes is not restricted to cytochrome c, but can also be used for other proteins such as cytochrome c'.

Detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms are necessary for resolving many important chemical processes. As the chemistry of smaller molecules has become better grounded and quantum chemistry calculations have become cheaper, kineticists have become interested in constructing progressively larger kinetic mechanisms to model increasingly complex chemical processes. These large kinetic mechanisms prove incredibly difficult to refine and time‐consuming to interpret. Traditional sensitivity analysis on a large mechanism can range from inconvenient to practically impossible without special techniques to reduce the computational cost. We first present a new time‐local sensitivity analysis we term transitory sensitivity analysis. Transitory sensitivity analysis is demonstrated in an example to accurately identify traditionally sensitive reactions at an 18,000x speed up over traditional sensitivities. By fusing transitory sensitivity analysis with more traditional time‐local branching, pathway, and cluster analyses, we develop an algorithm for efficient automatic mechanism analysis. This automatic mechanism analysis at a time point is able to identify the reactions a target is most sensitive to using transitory sensitivity analysis and then propose hypotheses why the reaction might be sensitive using branching, pathway, and cluster analyses. We implement these algorithms within the reaction mechanism simulator (RMS) package, which enables us to report the automatic mechanism analysis results in highly readable text formats and in molecular flux diagrams.

To design an anti-aircraft gun with high hit-probability, the effect of each design parameter on the hit-probability needs to be estimated. For this purpose, the sensitivity analysis is widely used. However, the whole firing process of the anti-aircraft gun is too complicated to use the traditional sensitivity analysis that uses partial derivatives of the output function regarding the specific design parameter. The inaccuracy of the parts of the anti-aircraft gun that exists at different stage of the firing process will result in decrease of hit-probability. In this paper, the firing process of the anti-aircraft gun is described and each step of the firing process is formulated with the equation that includes the inaccuracies of parts. The anti-aircraft gun is modeled using the transformation matrix from design parameter to the traverse and the elevation angle considering inaccuracy of design parameters. Then by disturbing the each design parameter with random numbers whose average and standard deviation are known and calculating the resultant hit performance, the sensitivity of the design parameter on the hit probability can be estimated.

Approximate multiparametric sensitivity analysis of the constraint matrix in linear-plus-linear fractional programming problem

Fetal Hemoglobin Rescues Ineffective Erythropoiesis in Sickle Cell Disease

A hybrid system that combines a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is presented in this paper. The SOFC stack acts as both an electricity producer and the fuel reformer for the PEMFC stack to generate additional power. A thermoeconomic model for the design optimization of a 220 kW SOFC-PEMFC hybrid system is developed in this work. Optimization of two objectives, i.e., the life cycle cost and the net electrical efficiency, are considered individually to find the optimum system configuration and component designs. Then, a multiparameter sensitivity analysis is performed to estimate the relative importance of the decision variables on the objectives. The optimization results indicate that the life cycle cost of the hybrid system is 3800–5,600 $/kW, and the maximum net electrical efficiency can reach around 63%, which is higher than an SOFC-only system, a reformer-PEMFC system, and an SOFC-gas turbine (GT) system with a similar output power. The sensitivity analysis shows that minimizing the size of the SOFC is most crucial to the system cost optimization. The hydrogen utilization factor in the SOFC is found to be sensitive to the net electrical efficiency.