Parking Guidance System: San Jose, California

P02 Promotion of Active Transportation among State Departments of Transportation in the US

To evaluate change in handheld mobile telephone (mobile) use among motor vehicle drivers between 2002 and 2006. Observational study of motor vehicle drivers at three times (10:00-11:00; 14:00-15:00; 17:00-18:00) on three consecutive Tuesdays in October 2006 at 12 highway sites in metropolitan Melbourne. Rates of handheld mobile use overall and by the sex and age of drivers, highway site (major metropolitan road, central business district, freeway exit ramp) and time of day. In 2002, 315 of 17 023, and in 2006, 331 of 20 207 drivers were observed using handheld mobiles. This represented a non-significant rate decrease from 18.5 to 16.3 users/1000 drivers (rate difference, 2.1 users/1000 drivers; 95% CI,- 0.6 to 4.8; P = 0.07). Unlike 2002, the rate of handheld mobile use among men in 2006 was significantly higher than for women (rate difference, 3.7 mobiles/1000 drivers; 95% CI, 0.1-7.3; P = 0.03). In both 2002 and 2006, mobile use was most common in the central business district. In 2002, there was significantly more mobile use in the evening, while in 2006, the evening rate was significantly lower than the morning rate (rate difference, 4.3; 95% CI, - 0.1 to 8.7; P = 0.03) and slightly lower than the afternoon rate (rate difference, 3.0; 95% CI, - 1.1 to 7.1; P = 0.08). The effect of age remained unchanged between 2002 and 2006, with older drivers using mobiles least (P < 0.001). The number of drivers at risk from handheld mobile phone use remains almost unchanged. However, a slight reduction in the rate of use overall and variations in use among driver subgroups are apparent. Policing and public awareness campaigns need to further address this preventable risk of injury.

Today cities are the main humankind settlement relying on intricate systems. The technological growth in the context of urban produces a vast amount of data. Analyzing and visualizing this data have provided insights into this complex environment. However, these mere approaches are inert and, due to technical constraints, hard to be integrated into urban planning.Consequently, we adopt a research hypothesis in which the adaptability and complexity of urban systems can be replicated, or partially replicated, by the machine-learning algorithms.The current study aims to define a process for evaluating the capabilities for analyzing and predicting urban data with machine-learning (ML) algorithms. This process starts with constructing a data structure for inputting into the ML algorithm. Following this, different tests are applied to identify valid combinations of data and models that allow understanding of urban patterns. The bicycle-sharing system is used as a case study. The process ends discussing the options to replicate the experiment in different urban areas as well as to adapt it to different problems.Different datasets from different cities have been explored and considered for this experiment. Across many cities' open dataset platforms, the NYD platform offered the most reliable data. From the sub-systems of the city, the mobility network was selected as a case study for exploration. More specifically, data on shared-bicycle mobility and use were selected as a result of its exciting raise as travel choices reported by New York City's department of transportation. The urban data analysis and prediction process of this research paper identifies the neighborhood as the unit of the model. Additionally, to illustrate and analyze the relationship between the selected mobility sub-system and other urban systems, contextual indicators such as land use indexes were added in the modeling process.Despite the prediction modeling machine for the bike-sharing system coming out of this study, the main achievement is the introduction of a collection of analysis and prediction processes for urban data beyond mobility. For further advancement, implementing this approach in a different urban system and context is crucial. By this means, the replicability of the process could be evaluated and tested.

Design Thinking: A Tool to Solve Challenging Problems

As early as 1964, the Philippines have had national speed limits compliant with internationally accepted best practice and World Health Organization recommendations. However, in a self-assessment reported to the WHO,...

Pasar Sayur Karangploso di Kabupaten Malang menghadapi kendala dengan ketersediaan tempat parkir yang tidak memadai. Fasilitas parkir yang disediakan oleh Pasar Karang Ploso tidak sebanding dengan keunggulan lain dari pasar tersebut. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik parkir, kebutuhan parkir, dan pengaturan parkir alternatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil dan diskusi, indeks parkir dan kebutuhan ruang parkir diperoleh sebagai berikut: indeks parkir sepeda motor rata-rata sebesar 29%, indeks parkir mobil sebesar 47%. Dari hasil analisis, diketahui bahwa nilai IP &gt; 1 menunjukkan bahwa fasilitas parkir bermasalah di mana permintaan parkir melebihi kapasitas/jumlah lahan parkir kendaraan yang tidak teratur. Sementara itu, ruang unit rata-rata (SRP) untuk dua roda adalah 136 tempat parkir dan ruang unit rata-rata (SRP) untuk empat roda adalah 96 tempat parkir. Tempat parkir yang tersedia di Pasar Sayur Karangploso untuk dua roda adalah 84 tempat parkir dan untuk empat roda adalah 47. Kondisi ini menunjukkan fasilitas parkir yang tidak stabil. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rekomendasi pemetaan lahan parkir dan marka parkir yang disertai dengan ketegasan dan ketaatan petugas dan pengguna parkir dalam mematuhi hasil rekomendasi.

A machine learning and simulation-based dynamic parking choice model for airports

Spatially explicit modeling of parking search as a tool for urban parking facilities and policy assessment

John Michael (Mike) Haslam 1947–2021

The objective of this paper is to provide information from multiple perspectives on the current state of the practice with regard to using recycled materials and recycling agents (RAs) in asphalt concrete mixtures. This information was collected through a survey of U.S. transportation agencies and RA suppliers combined with a search of RA-related specifications and pilot projects previously constructed. Moreover, a case study describing the Virginia Department of Transportation’s experience with RAs provides a tangible example of how at least one agency is approaching the potential implementation of these technologies. This practice review was achieved by documenting the experience, lessons learned, and best practices of multiple asphalt experienced contractors and asphalt binder suppliers in the Virginia area. This paper follows a similar survey conducted in 2014 as part of NCHRP 09-58 and provides a second look at the use of RAs across North America. Not all state departments of transportation have experience with using RAs. Factors preventing the use of RAs included specification limitations, lack of expertise in processing recycled materials, supporting data, and negative prior experiences. Developing a performance-based testing framework is mandatory for the successful use of RAs. In general, good and frequent communication with the RA supplier is critical and necessary during the planning stages, the production of mixtures, and the continuous quality control by the supplier to resolve issues when they arise. Finally, a strong quality control and quality assurance-testing program should be implemented to ensure that materials meet the properties needed to produce a good-performing mixture.

Aggregate health risk appraisal data from Chevron Texaco's truck driver workforce revealed that approximately 50% of the truck drivers who completed a health risk appraisal were found to be at risk for a back injury. Lost time records revealed that this population had 65% more lost workdays attributed to cumulative trauma injuries compared with acute trauma injuries. Chevron Texaco addressed the issue by implementing a medical fitness for duty program consisting of three components: physical examination (physical examination mandated by the Department of Transportation and a functional capacity evaluation), education (on safe body mechanics), and physical fitness. After a 1-year development period, the fitness for duty program was implemented for Chevron Texaco's professional truck drivers in North America. In the first year of the program, 109 functional capacity evaluations were completed by trained clinicians, and 88% of candidates were found "able to work without restrictions," whereas 6% were found "able to work with caution." The article describes the program results to date, and also describes the follow-up program for drivers found to be at risk for a back injury.

With the rapid development of urbanization and motorization, contradiction between transportation development and historical features protection becomes prominent. Transportation planning is crucial for the future development of a city; therefore, active strategies must be adopted on account of the characteristics of historic cities. This paper argues that for historic cities, the principle of transportation planning should be low carbon, low pollution and low energy. Taking Penglai city as an example, the author analyzes its traffic features first, and then with the guidance of low carbon principle, the author probes into issues such as public transportation, road network, parking facilities and transportation supervision of the transportation planning.

Surface transportation in the United States is continuously affected by adverse weather conditions, which contribute to thousands of highway fatalities and billions of dollars in economic loss every year. Winter weather has its own peculiar challenges, to which transportation agencies respond through winter maintenance operations. Recent trends toward proactive winter maintenance operations have placed a premium on the value of timely and accurate weather information that reflects current and forecast conditions in the roadway environment. However, few studies have sought to quantify this value and compare it to the costs of obtaining such customized weather information. The Utah Department of Transportation (DOT) implemented a weather operations program that assists the agency's operations, maintenance, and construction functions by providing detailed, often customized, area-specific weather forecasts. This program's genesis provides a useful case study to quantify the cost-effectiveness of weather information. Described is the application of an artificial neural network model using winter maintenance cost data from dozens of Utah DOT maintenance sheds for the 2004 to 2005 winter to estimate the cost-effectiveness of this program. The model estimated the value and additional saving potential of the Utah DOT weather service to be 11% to 25% and 4% to 10% of the Utah DOT labor and materials cost for winter maintenance, respectively. On the basis of the program's cost, the benefit-cost ratio was calculated at over 11:1. The results highlight the potential benefits that may be realized by an agency using improved weather information to direct its winter maintenance activities.

The technical concept for this project has existed since the Chernobyl accident in 1986. A host of Eastern European nations have developed countrywide grid of sensors to monitor airborne radiation. The objective is to build a radiological sensor network for real-time monitoring of environmental radiation levels in order to provide data for warning, and consequentially the assessment of a nuclear event. A network of radiation measuring equipment consisting of gamma, neutron, alpha, and beta counters would be distributed over a large area (preferably on fire station roof tops) and connected by a wireless network to the emergency response center. The networks would be deployed in urban environments and would supply first responders and federal augmentation teams (including those from the U.S. Departments of Energy, Defense, Justice, and Homeland Security) with detailed, accurate information regarding the transport of radioactive environmental contaminants, so the agencies can provide a safe and effective response. A networked sensor capability would be developed, with fixed sensors deployed at key locations and in sufficient numbers, to provide adequate coverage for early warning, and input to post-event emergency response. An overall system description and specification will be provided, including detector characteristics, communication protocols, infrastructure and maintenance requirements, and operation procedures. The system/network can be designed for a specifically identified urban area, or for a general urban area scalable to cities of specified size. Data collected via the network will be transmitted directly to the appropriate emergency response center and shared with multiple agencies via the Internet or an Intranet. The data collected will be managed using commercial off - the - shelf Geographical Information System (GIS). The data will be stored in a database and the GIS software will aid in analysis and management of the data. Unique features of the system include each node being assigned a health-effect based risk factor. By connecting the nodes on a particular measured isopleth one can define the plume accurately. Radon counts will be provided and used to calculate the alpha counts. The radiological data collected will also be of value under routine conditions, in the absence of a radiological threat, to provide a detailed map of radiation background in the urban environment and complement predictive models of radiation transport. The data can be transferred to the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) to augment its predictive model, thereby increasing its fidelity. Initially, as a proof of concept, a few nodes will be built for the purpose of demonstrating the concept.

Pedestrian injury rates are a major concern, particularly in North America. This study examined pedestrian crashes in five cities in Quebec, Canada (2017, 2019, 2020, 2021), related to road types and land use. Using police-reported data mapped via ArcGIS Pro, results show that major roads and residential areas are hotspots for pedestrian-vehicle crashes across all cities. Notably, a significant correlation exists in all studied cities between road types and land use where crashes happen. This underscores the need for road safety measures and targeted interventions to mitigate pedestrian risks in these areas, such as on major roads in residential and mixed land use areas.