PATHS – Exploring Digital Cultural Heritage Spaces

This paper discusses the communication of cultural heritage in adolescents, in particular information on the cultural heritage of the kingdom of Majapahit in Trowulan, East Java, Indonesia. In the context of public archaeology, public communication is no longer presented in mind-numbing information; instead the information is presented to increase positive attitude and behavior toward the cultural heritage. In the context of marketing communication, the submission of information that is in accordance to the consumers’ or visitors’ wishes can no longer be fulfilled merely by the facts, but also by presenting the information through underdog or topdog stories or narrations. The objective of the research in this paper is to verify the influence of information on Majapahit cultural heritage in the form of narration on public attitude, visit intention, and pride. The research used 3x1 experiment design between participants. The findings of the research verified that the influence of cultural heritage information in the form of topdog narration directly increased the participants’ attitude and visit intention on the Majapahit relics in Trowulan. Additionally, topdog narration formed cultural heritage information also increased the participants’ pride on Indonesia.

International cultural heritage protection theory and practice from the independent type of "information" to the series of "information", and extend from "tangible" to "intangible".The informations of cultural heritage protection are more complete and the methods are more holistic.Using holographic 3D digital technology can better realize the cultural heritage information integrity protection.This approach will enable the visual language to multi extensions and the sensory experience to multi-dimensions.Dissemination of cultural heritage will be digital, cross media, interactive mode.

Through a questionnaire survey, the study has examined the relationship between awareness, dissemination and sharing of cultural heritage knowledge among the youth of Tangkhul tribe, Manipur, state. Factor analysis for the cultural heritage information (CHI) requirements produced two factors i.e. awareness and dissemination, and factor analysis for sharing cultural heritage knowledge resulted in six factors, namely: rewards, intention to share, expected relationship, enjoy helping, self-efficacy and reciprocity. Multiple regression analysis was carried out and it was found that “intention to share” is the most vital variable affecting awareness on cultural heritage knowledge with β-value=0.152, p-value=0.031 and R-value=0.118. Similarly, the Beta coefficients of rewards (β=0.141; p-value=0.015) and self-efficacy (β=0.244; p-value=0.000) are the most significant variables affecting dissemination on cultural heritage knowledge with R-value=0.131. This study enables us to understand the most sought cultural heritage information needs i.e. awareness. Youth seek cultural heritage information to make themselves aware about their rich culture and determine factors for sharing cultural heritage knowledge.

The tremendous increase of tweets messages, also posting visual information and photos of cultural heritage (CH) sites, opens new ways for filtering and 3D modelling this type of content. This is very important in documenting CH objects. This paper firstly applies novel event detection algorithms from tweet signals exploiting retweeting and followers properties. The temporal signal is then decomposed using the Discrete Wavelet Transform enabling localization both in time and frequency domain. Multi-assignment graph partitioning takes place to identify the events. Upon this textual constraint, a novel content-based filtering scheme is introduced to cluster the images into appropriate groups which in the sequel trigger 3D reconstruction. Experimental results on real-life data reveal the superiority of this method than conventional approaches.

The cultural appropriation of archaeology is a form of structural violence. The term ‘cultural appropriation’ is generally applied when the subject culture is a minority culture or somehow subordinate in social, political, economic, or military status to the appropriating culture; where a more powerful culture raids a less powerful neighbouring one; or when there are other issues involved such as a history of ethnic or racial conflict between the two groups. It can include the appropriation of various forms of cultural heritage, such as dress, food, music, art, icons, rituals, language, religion, holy places, historical and archaeological sites. These elements, once removed from their indigenous cultural contexts, may take on meanings that are significantly divergent from, or merely less nuanced than, those they originally held. In the process of the Zionist colonisation of Palestine and the gradual dispossession of Palestinian land, Israeli archaeology has been actively employed in divesting Palestinians of their history and appropriating their cultural heritage. In this context Biblical archaeology has played a significant role. Its goal has been to establish a link between the modern State of Israel and the ‘Israelite’ period, and as a result the pluralistic nature of Palestine’s past has virtually vanished from public awareness, and with it the Arab past, traditions and cultural heritage. Many archaeological, historical and holy sites in Palestine / Israel that are an integral part of Palestinian cultural heritage have been appropriated as ‘biblical’ or ‘Jewish’. In the meantime, Israel continues to intensify its Judization of archaeological sites in the West Bank and Jerusalem. This paper presents a case study of the cultural appropriation of archaeology in Palestine. إن إنتحال التراث الثقافي للآثار هو شكل من أشكال العنف البنيوي. ويستخدم اصطلاح “إنتحال التراث الثقافي” عموماً عندما تكون الثقافة الخاضعة ثقافة الأقلية، أو أنها تابعة إلى حد ما للثقافة المُنتحِلة من حيث وضعها الإجتماعي، السياسي، الإقتصادي أو العسكري؛ حيثما تقوم ثقافة أقوى بغزو ثقافة أضعف بجوارها؛ أو حينما تتفاعل قضايا أخرى، كالصراع الإثني أو العرقي بين مجموعتين. ولعلها تتضمّن إنتحالاً لشتى أشكال التراث الثقافي كاللباس والطعام والموسيقى والفنون والمعبودات والطقوس واللغة والدين والأماكن المقدسة والمواقع التاريخية والأثرية. وحينما تُنتزع هذه العناصر من سياقاتها الثقافية الأصلية فإنها تتخذ معانٍ متباعدة كلياً، أو أنها تحمل فوارق دقيقة عما كانت عليه في الأصل.في خضمّ عملية الإستيطان الصهيوني لفلسطين وما تضمّنته من أعمال السلب والإقتلاع التدريجي للشعب الفلسطيني من أرضه، جرى إستخدام علم الآثار الإسرائيلي بصورة فعّالة لإقصاء الفلسطينيين عن تاريخهم وانتخال تراثهم الثقافي. في هذا السياق، لعب علم الآثار التوراتي دوراً هاماً، وكان هدفه إيجاد علاقة بين دولة إسرائيل الحديثة والعصر “الإسرائيلي” القديم. ونتج عن ذلك أن الطبيعة التعددية لتاريخ فلسطين قد اختفت فعلياً من الوعي العام، واختفى معها أيضاً التاريخ والتراث الثقافي العربي القديم. كما وجرى إنتحال العديد من المواقع الأثرية والتاريخية والأماكن المقدّسة في فلسطين، التي تشكّل جزءاً لا يتجزء من التراث الثقافي الفلسطيني، بصفتها “توراتية” أو “يهودية”. في هذه الأثناء، تواصل إسرائيل مساعيها لتهويد المواقع الأثرية في الضفة الغربية والقدس. وتعرض هذه الورقة دراسة خاصة عن إنتحال التراث الثقافي للآثار في فلسطين، وتتمحور حول قلعة القدس

The conceptualization model of the relationship between tangible cultural heritage (TCH) and the tourism market is largely determined by the complexity of the tourism market itself, the number and the complexity of the relations between the stakeholders involved in the cultural heritage management (CHM) and tourism destination management, the legislative framework and the government policies which both the stimulation of tourism activities and preservation and management of cultural heritage relies upon and the characteristics and value of tangible cultural heritage. Government policies and legislation determine the balance in the allocation of power within such relationships. Furthermore, the relationship between tourism supply-side stakeholders and CMH take on different forms and move between dichotomies of co-operation and conflict. The stakeholders in such relationships are numerous and diverse, which adds to the dynamics of interaction and, consequently, to its complexity. The relations between stakeholders are made additionally complex by the characteristics of TCH as a pure or mixed public good where competition in consumption may or may not exist. Based on different forms of cultural heritage, there are different levels of excludability. The model is applicable in the domain of tourist attraction management as well as tourism destination planning.

This study employs a knowledge graph approach to realize the representation and association of information resources, promote the research, teaching, and dissemination of Dunhuang cultural heritage (CH). The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a UNESCO world CH site, and digitization of Dunhuang CH has produced a large amount of information resources. However, these digitized resources continue to lack the systematic granular semantic representation required to correlate Dunhuang cultural heritage information (CHI) in order to facilitate efficient research and appreciation. To respond to this need, new approaches for representing CHI are being developed. This study identifies five facets and their semantic relationship to Dunhuang CH, constructs an ontology model to regulate the entities, attributes, and relationships of Dunhuang CH knowledge, and subsequently processes the resulting data using various techniques (such as semantic annotation and entity association) to facilitate rendering the data in a knowledge graph construction. Finally, we constructed a DH-oriented knowledge graph service platform in order to provide a user friendly visual display and semantic retrieval service.

Cultural heritage is the way of life. Using digital technology to manage the information of cultural heritage has become an important issue on the perseverance of cultural heritage. Several cultural heritage institutions have their own large databases with different metadata schemas. Linked Open Data is a mechanism of publishing structured data that allows metadata to be connected. This paper presents a methodology for integrating, converting Lanna cultural heritage metadata and linking data to external data sources. Our framework uses OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative—Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) by converting the various metadata formats to Dublin Core metadata standard. The Dublin Core/XML was used for the integrated metadata to create a central repository of data sources. The OAI harvester was developed to extract data from the various repositories and gather data into the repository. A framework for publishing the repository data as a Linked Data source in the RDF format using the OAM Framework is described. In this framework, ontology is used as a common schema for publishing the RDF data from the database sources by mapping database schema to ontology. Finally, we demonstrate Linked Data consumption by creating a cultural heritage portal application prototype from the published RDF data sources.

Managing information related to cultural heritage sites is an important task and much work has been devoted to developing special purpose document management systems. These systems are able to store and retrieve large amounts of documents; however, while this is adequate for some purposes, it is not sufficient for research and conservation work. Researchers need to determine relationships between data, and the most important relationships in cultural heritage information are spatial relationships. A new kind of information system is therefore needed, in which the 3D representation of an object is a blackboard on which all data is represented. This paper proposes the concept of Cultural Heritage Information Systems, and presents our implementation of the system. An example application illustrating the use of the system is also presented.

The amount of digital cultural heritage data produced by cultural heritage institutions is growing rapidly. Digital cultural heritage repositories have therefore become an efficient and effective way to disseminate and exploit digital cultural heritage data. However, many digital cultural heritage repositories worldwide share technical challenges such as data integration and interoperability among national and regional digital cultural heritage repositories. The result is dispersed and poorly-linked cultured heritage data, backed by non-standardized search interfaces, which thwart users’ attempts to contextualize information from distributed repositories. A recently introduced geospatial semantic web is being adopted by a great many new and existing digital cultural heritage repositories to overcome these challenges. However, no one has yet conducted a conceptual survey of the geospatial semantic web concepts for a cultural heritage audience. A conceptual survey of these concepts pertinent to the cultural heritage field is, therefore, needed. Such a survey equips cultural heritage professionals and practitioners with an overview of all the necessary tools, and free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic web platforms that can be used to implement geospatial semantic web-based cultural heritage repositories. Hence, this article surveys the state-of-the-art geospatial semantic web concepts, which are pertinent to the cultural heritage field. It then proposes a framework to turn geospatial cultural heritage data into machine-readable and processable resource description framework (RDF) data to use in the geospatial semantic web, with a case study to demonstrate its applicability. Furthermore, it outlines key free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic platforms for cultural heritage institutions. In addition, it examines leading cultural heritage projects employing the geospatial semantic web. Finally, the article discusses attributes of the geospatial semantic web that require more attention, that can result in generating new ideas and research questions for both the geospatial semantic web and cultural heritage fields.

"Cultural heritage information: Access and management, edited by Ian Ruthven and G. G. Chowdhury." Technical Services Quarterly, 33(1), pp. 108–109

This paper describes a system for documenting scientific data produced in Heritage Sciences. The system is built around a general meta-model, flexible enough to provide descriptions, in a formal language, of the datasets produced by scientific research. Resulting metadata can be re-encoded and published in multiple formats. The underlying metadata schema is inspired by CIDOC CRM principles for data modelling and maintains a full compatibility with CIDOC CRM ontology to capture provenance and foster interoperability with Cultural Heritage information. The use of a wide set of thesauri and controlled vocabularies guarantees internal coherence at data and metadata level. Applicability tests are underway at different institutions and a set of user interfaces has been designed to simplify and speed up the process of data gathering and metadata definition.

Heritage preservation fundamentally represents an act of communication, with digitization and virtual access driving cultural heritage research development and dissemination. These tools stimulate the creation of cultural heritage content and inspire public engagement in learning about and preserving heritage. Despite substantial academic focus on digital cultural heritage (DCH) research, systematic assessment methods remain lacking. This paper researches the application of digital technologies in cultural heritage studies using CiteSpace 6.2 R4 to analyze the evolution of DCH, identifying research hotspots and predicting future trends. The key findings include the following: (1) Current DCH research focuses on countries with significant national power, but future studies should emphasize regions rich in cultural heritage and promote transnational and interdisciplinary research. (2) DCH research concentrates on three areas: the use of VR, AR, and other interactive digital technologies to enhance cultural heritage experiences; the development of cultural relic databases and digital archives; and the implementation of interactive exhibitions and multimedia guides. (3) Identified research hotspots include user immersion experiences, language and identity, and virtual reality technologies. Digital technologies enhance cultural heritage communication by driving innovations in preservation, information management, and digitization. (4) Future research should focus on practical DCH development, emphasizing innovative virtual technologies, database integration, and standardized assessment methods. These efforts aim to provide valuable insights for the sustainable global preservation and dissemination of cultural heritage. The use of digital technologies in cultural heritage is becoming increasingly important, but there is still a need to strike a balance between technological development and heritage preservation to ensure the sustainability of cultural heritage.

With the mass digitization of cultural heritage and the increase of people accessing the digitized memory objects, it becomes crucial to develop meaningful interaction patterns in cultural heritage information systems. This explorative study is based on an investigation of 50 websites from the cultural heritage domain. It derives a framework for classifying user interactions with digital cultural heritage. The framework has two dimensions; the first one is a classification of the interactions and the second one describes their degree of complexity. The strength of this framework is the ability to compare complexity, scope and purpose of interactions across different websites while offering a meaningful vocabulary for discussing different interaction features.

The material characteristics and conservation conditions of the Rain Gauge Pedestal of <i>Gyeongsang</i> Provincial Office, <i>Daegu</i>(National Treasure) and the Rain Gauge Pedestal of <i>Gwansanggam</i>, Bureau of Astronomy(Treasure) which have been kept at the Korea Meteorological Administration were scientifically diagnosed, and the conservation treatment for those artifacts was performed. The Rain Gauge Pedestal of <i>Gyeongsang</i> Provincial Office was made of aplite at that time but on the other hand, its bottom stone was made of medium and coarse grained grantite since 1985. The Rain Gauge Pedestal of <i>Gwansanggam</i> was made of medium and coarse grained granite in pale rose color, and based on petrologic material characteristics and characteristic values by magnetic susceptibility measurements, it is presumed to have been made in the late Joseon Dynasty. The main contamination on the surface of the rain gage pedestals is black contaminants which were derived from carbon, and the fiber laser was used to complete the work after dry and wet cleaning were performed. In addition, impurities caused by acrylic colors and paint were removed by the poultice method after the preliminary cleaning. In terms of consolidation as the final stage of the conservation process, the ultrasonic assessment on physical properties before and after consolidation resulted in more than 10% improvement on average. From a perspective of the original form as cultural heritage, the bottom stone of Rain Gauge Pedestal of <i>Gyeongsang</i> Provincial Office has been treated with mortar on the surface and its color was matched during the conservation treatment, which hinders approach to exact information of cultural heritage. Furthermore, with regard to the Rain Gauge Pedestal of <i>Gwansanggam</i>, there is the need to examine whether it served as a pedestal to support the rain gauge(<i>Cheugugi</i>), judging by material characteristics, manufacturing techniques of rain gauge holes and <i>Donggwoldo</i> depicting a rain gauge in the painting. Therefore, the opportunity to establish authenticity of cultural heritage will be required by doing literature research on cultural heritage of traditional science technology, historical research on the original form and natural scientific analysis.