PEMA+: A Comprehensive Resource Manager for Microservices

In this paper the information technologies stack is presented. Thesetechnologies are used during network architecture deployment. The analysis of technological advantages and drawbacks under investigation for monolithic and network architectures will be useful during of cyber security analysis in telecom networks. The analysis of the main numeric characteristics was carried out with the aid of Kubectl. The results of a series of numerical experiments on the evaluation of the response speed to requests and the fault tolerance are presented. The characteristics of the of monolithic and microservice-based architectures scalability are under investigation. For the time series sets, which characterize the network server load, the value of the Hurst exponent was calculated.
 The research main goal is the monolithic and microservice architecture main characteristics analysis, time series data from the network server accruing, and their statistical analysis.
 The methodology of Kubernetes clusters deploying using Minikube, Kubectl, Docker has been used. Application deploy on AWS ECS virtual machine with monolithic architecture and on the Kubernetes cluster (AWS EKS) were conducted.
 The investigation results gives us the confirmation, that the microservices architecture would be more fault tolerance and flexible in comparison with the monolithic architecture. Time series fractal analysis on the server equipment load showed the presence of long-term dependency, so that we can treat the traffic implementation as a self-similar process.
 The scientific novelty of the article lies in the application of fractal analysis to real time series: use of the kernel in user space, kernel latency, RAM usage, caching of RAM collected over 6 months with a step of 10 seconds, establishing a long-term dependence of time series data.
 The practical significance of the research is methodology creation of the monolithic and microservice architectures deployment and exploitation, as well as the use of time series fractal analysis for the network equipment load exploration.

Most developers still use the monolithic architecture, where all components of an application are combined into one integrated system, so each part depends on other components. The monolithic architecture has weaknesses, such as when a failure occurs in one component, all parts cannot be executed because each component relies on one other component. Microservices can be a solution to this, considering that in the microservices architecture, each element or service is created and put separately, so when a failure occurs in one component, other components will not be affected and can still run normally. This research aims to determine the implementation and performance comparison between monolithic architecture and microservices Architecture in the Agreeculture Market web app. Agreeculture Market is a web application that aims to facilitate the transaction process of agricultural commodities and make it easier for agricultural commodity producers to market their products. The measurement method used to measure the performance of both architectures is load testing using JMeter and performance tools from task manager and comparing the response time, throughput, disk usage, CPU usage, and memory usage of both used architectures. With two measurement schemes with Docker and without Docker, the result of this research is a performance comparison between the two architectures, where the backend application Agreeculture Market, which uses microservices architecture with Docker and API gateway, performs better than the monolithic architecture version. Conversely, the monolithic architecture performs better than the microservices architecture in the scheme without Docker and API gateway.

The previous chapter introduces the concept of Enterprise Internet of things with the help of sample applications. This chapter introduces the architectural concerns of Enterprise Internet of Things. The chapter starts with a reference architecture of Enterprise Internet of Things where all the components of an end to end IoT solution is explained. The critical component in the architecture is the middleware solution. The middleware component enables communication across the disparate hardware and software components in the solution. Enterprise IoT solutions are more complicated to develop and maintain due to the participation of several vendors. The interoperability challenges are handled with the help of middleware solutions and this chapter addresses two important architectures namely Monolithic architecture and Microservices architecture. These architectures are not specific to IoT solutions but generic for Enterprise software development. This chapter illustrates how the Microservices architecture is the most suitable choice for designing Enterprise IoT applications. In the last part, there is a detailed discussion on the trade-off between Monolithic and Micro services architectures.

The knowledge of the future capacity variations in wireless networks using smartphones becomes more and more possible by exploiting the rich contextual information from smartphone sensors through mobile applications and services. It is entirely likely that such contextual information, which may include the traffic, mobility and radio conditions, could lead to a novel agile resource management not yet thought of. Inspired by the attractive features and potential advantages of this agile resource management, several approaches have been proposed during the last period. However, agile resource management also comes with its own challenges, and there are significant technical issues that still need to be addressed for successful rollout and operation of this technique. In this paper, we propose an approach (called NEWCAST) for anticipating throughput variation for mobile video streaming services. The solution of the optimization problem realizes a fundamental trade-off among critical metrics that impact the user's perceptual quality of the experience (QoE) and system utilization. Both simulated and real-world traces collected from [1] are carried out to evaluate the performance of NEWCAST. In particular, it is shown that NEWCAST provides the efficiency, computational complexity and robustness that the new 5G architectures require.

Microservice architecture reduces the coupling between application modules, which is conducive to the development, deployment and operation and maintenance of complex application systems. However, compared with the monolithic architecture, the access control of its resources becomes more complex. Based on the application scenario of enterprise system micro service architecture, aiming at the high security requirements of business system, through the analysis and research of micro service architecture, this paper designs a set of access control solution, which can meet the requirements of unified authentication, improving the efficiency of authority verification and accelerating the system development speed under the microservice architecture, which has reference for enterprise application system design significance.

Software architecture is a set of important decisions about the organization of the software system. The success and speed of the project development, the complexity of its support and understanding of the program structure depends on the correct choice of software architecture. For this reason, developers often use new architectural solutions to build software, trying to find the best solutions to a problem. The common practice of program development was the development on the principle of monolithic architecture, which envisages the project as a single program, which is responsible for all necessary functionality. Of course, this approach had its advantages, such as ease of development, testing and deploying. But with project`s growth, the monolithic architecture begins to make some flaws in the development process: the addition of a certain new functionality is accompanied by an increase in the code base, observance of limits of responsibility of internal modules is blurred, compiling and deploying takes much more time. Given the drawbacks of monolithic architecture above, developers have begun to take other approaches. One is microservice architecture. Microservice Architecture – A variant of service architecture (modular software development approach) software, focused on the interaction of as small as possible, loosely coupled and easily replaceable modules – microservices [1]. With such an architecture, the project is a set of small services, the communication between which is done through lightweight mechanisms (for example, HTTP, which can be used in REST architectural style to get an increased productivity and simplified architecture) [2]. Each of these services must fulfil its clearly defined business task. This architecture has the following advantages: better scaling, independent module development and deploying, better reusability etc.

This article discusses the results of a Community Service (PKM) activity entitled Smart Kids, Smart Future: Human Resource and Financial Management Education for the Young Generation of PERMAI Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. This activity focused on improving the knowledge and skills of the younger generation in the areas of human resource management, financial literacy, planning, the application of sharia financial principles, and creativity in designing business ideas. Interactive and practical learning methods were applied to ensure that participants not only understood the theory but were also able to implement it in a real-world context. The results of the evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests showed a significant improvement in all indicators measured. Participants' understanding of HR management increased sharply, especially in planning and task distribution. Basic financial literacy and Islamic finance principles also experienced substantial strengthening, enabling participants to integrate financial aspects with Islamic values. In addition, creativity in developing simple business ideas proved the participants' ability to combine knowledge with relevant innovation. Overall, this programme successfully achieved its stated objectives, namely equipping the younger generation with managerial and financial competencies that support economic independence and an understanding of Islamic values. This success provides an important foundation for the development of more comprehensive and sustainable follow-up programmes.

The microservice architecture is a hot trend which proposes to transform the traditional monolith application into massive dynamic and irregular small services. To boost the overall throughput and ensure the guaranteed latency, it is desirable to process massive service requests in parallel with efficient resource sharing in data centers. However, the disaggregation nature of microservice unavoidably upscales the design space of resource management and increases its complexity. In this paper, we propose AlphaR, a learning-powered resource management system tailored to the microservice environment. The basic idea of AlphaR is to generate microservice-specific resource management policies for improving efficiency. Specifically, we take the first step to use bipartite graph as a convenient abstraction for application built with microservices. Based on this, we devise a bipartite feature inference approach named Bi-GNN to extract the temporal characteristics of microservices. Furthermore, we implement a policy network to select appropriate resource allocation choices for maximizing the performance in resource-constrained data centers. AlphaR can improve the mean and p95 response time by up to 80% and 77.5% respectively compared with conventional schemes.

The traditional online teaching adopts the single architecture to develop and implement the system, which facilitates the data sharing and testing of the system. However, due to the increasing complexity of the system's business functions, the system based on monolithic architecture has become increasingly complex, its scalability has deteriorated, and its concurrency performance has decreased. Based on these problems, this paper puts forward combining microservice architecture and online teaching platform, using microservice architecture independent deployment, concurrent performance characteristics such as high technology selection and flexible, the complex business function is divided into several small service module, solve the challenges faced by the traditional system, at the same time improve the efficiency of the use of online teaching platform and students' learning autonomy, The system function design, architecture design, safety design and so on are expounded to build an efficient and perfect online teaching platform.

Collaborative Stewardship of Arizona's Rangelands

Landscape ecology deals with the effects of the spatial configuration of mosaics on a wide variety of ecological phenomena. Because problems in many areas of conservation biology and resource management are related to landscape use, development of a rigorous theoretical and empirical foundation for landscape ecology is essential. We present an approach to research that focuses on how individual-level mechanisms operating in a heterogeneous mosaic produce ecological patterns that are spatially dependent. The theoretical framework that we develop considers the density and distribution of a population among patches as a function of (a) within-patch movement patterns of individuals; (b) emigration from patches as a function of population density, patch configuration, patch context, and within-patch movement; and (c) loss of individuals as they disperse through landscape elements

Generally, ecosystems are used in several ways at the same time by a number of different users. Such situations lead almost always to conflicts of interest and damage to the environment. Thus, in the area of environmental and resource management and in policies aiming at an ecologically sustainable development, many conflicting issues and interests emerge.

Job satisfaction is among the most popular and widely debated topics in the areas of organizational behavior and human resource management. The reasons for this interest are quite varied and include the idea that an understanding of the potential antecedents of satisfaction should assist the development of applied models of organizational behavior and work redesign. Based on a large scale study of the Australian telecommunications, this article attempts to illuminate issues pertaining to the Australian public sector in its advocacy for task-orientated strategies of organizational change.

The research was conducted to assess the impact of ICT on the Administration and Management of Basic Schools in the Asuogyaman District of Ghana, to aid school heads in effectively using ICT to achieve effective school management and administration. The study employed a survey research design. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling procedures were used to arrive at the sample. Participants included School Heads, ICT Instructors, Teachers, and students, totalling 63. The instrument used in collecting data was a questionnaire. The research revealed that ICT has impacted school administration and management in the area of School resources, including Human Resources, Physical Resources, and Financial Resources. Schools used WhatsApp, Facebook, E-mails, Text Messages, Typed Letters, and more as communication channels. In the management of school resources, computer applications such as Microsoft Word and Excel were used. The research further revealed that ICT has impacted schools in the Area of Human and Physical Resource management. It has also impacted the Financial Resource Management of the school. Based on the findings, a number of recommendations and suggestions for further studies were made.

Primary production, which drives the development of marine ecosystems, is largely dependent on the light present in the water column. Therefore, understanding the attenuation coefficient (Kd (PAR)) is crucial for describing underwater light variability. This study reveals the regional and seasonal characteristics of light attenuation in the Sea of Marmara for the first time. A 10-year time series (2000-2009) of Kd from the northeastern Sea of Marmara was analyzed and compared with seasonal values from the entire Sea of Marmara in 2021. Between 2000 and 2009, the coefficient ranged from 0.139 to 0.539 m⁻¹, with a mean of 0.220 m⁻¹ and a standard deviation of 0.063. The highest values occurred in winter and spring, while the lowest were in autumn and summer. Variations in attenuation coefficients were inversely related to the euphotic zone depth. In 2021, Kd values ranged from 0.123 to 0.443 m⁻¹, with a mean of 0.247 m⁻¹. During the summer of 2021, when mucilage was present, the attenuation coefficient was lowest at the surface and increased with depth, indicating that larger mucilage aggregates affect light penetration significantly. Coastal areas and bays were classified as turbid, while deeper areas were moderately turbid based on the attenuation coefficient. This work will serve as an important reference for research on marine ecosystems, water quality, modeling, remote sensing and climate change, and will improve our understanding of their impacts at the ecosystem level. These insights are vital for both science and policy, particularly in the areas of conservation, resource management and climate resilience. The results can lead to practical outcomes such as improved monitoring tools, better predictive models and more effective management strategies.