Perceived Stress Scale in Romantic Relationships (PSSRR): A scale development study

Introduction: in the Brazilian population it is noted that obesity is increasing in all ages, particularly in the elderly, due to changes in habits and the consumption of foods with high energy density. The objective of this study was to reanalyze the data from a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in order to obtain new food patterns from the elderly population. Methods: sociodemographic data, morbidities, and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) results were collected from a representative sample of 355 elderly in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, and stratified by Basic Health Unit in the municipality. The data from the FFQ were transformed into daily consumption, and only foods with an intake of at least 40 % were included in the analysis. Eating patterns were obtained by means of an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using the principal component method, associating them with obesity and demographic variables obtained via structural equation models (SEMs). Results: with the data from the FFQ, four eating patterns were obtained using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: healthy, traditional, snacks and weekend meals, and mild diet. Using SEMs and considering general obesity as measured by the body mass index (BMI), being female, younger, hypertensive, diabetic, and having lower adherence to the traditional pattern increases BMI. Additionally, using SEMs and considering central obesity as measured by waist circumference (WC), being hypertensive or diabetic, and having a lower adherence to the traditional pattern increases WC. Conclusion: removing excess zeroes from FFQ data it was possible to obtain well-defined eating patterns using the exploratory and confirmatory analysis, and to associate them with obesity through SEMs.

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (mMOS-SS) in a primary healthcare setting (PHCS). A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with Spanish outpatients (N=903) from a PHCS. Subjects responded to the first eight items of theclassic Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SS), in effect the mMOS-SS, and immediately proceeded to give answers to the rest of the scale. Also, sociodemographic, self-reported health status and mood/anxiety disorders data were collected. Factor structure was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory analysis, internal reliability was determined by Cronbach's standardized alpha, and consistency was evaluated by item-to-total score correlations. Evidences of validity were assessed by Spearman's rank correlations, and using the Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate, of differences between the mMOS-SS and the MOS-SS. Mean scores for the MOS-SS (mean=4.26, SD=0.78) and mMOS-SS (mean=4.34, SD=0.74) are similar. Cronbach's alpha was 0.96 and 0.91, for the MOS-SS and mMOS-SS, respectively. Item-to-total score correlations of the MOS-SS and mMOS-SS are ≥0.64 and ≥0.70, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) [56.63% variance, KMO=0.904; χ2=4396.27], and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) [CFI=0.95; NNFI(TLI)=0.97; SRMR=0.05; χ2=296.81; RMSEA=0.17] showed a one-factor structure. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the mMOS-SS in outpatients attending a PHCS are adequate. Factor analysis confirmed a one-factor model with acceptable fit indices.

People who are compassionate to both themselves and others want to alleviate their experiences of pain and those of others. This study aims to evaluate the predictive effect of self-compassion on relationship satisfaction and conflict resolution styles in romantic relationships in nursing students. The sample of this study consists of 356 nursing students. The data are collected by using the Self-Compassion Scale, the Conflict Resolution Styles Scale in Romantic Relationships, and the Relationship Satisfaction Scale. A linear regression model is used to test the predictive effect of self-compassion on relationship satisfaction and conflict resolution styles in nursing students. Mean age of the participant is 20.70 ± 1.90, 68.5% (n = 244) of the nursing students are female, and 33.2% of them (n = 211) are male. Self-compassion is found to be a significant predictor of both relationship satisfaction and conflict resolution styles (positive conflict resolution, negative conflict resolution, and retreat) in romantic relationships (p < .05). Self-compassion is an important factor in relationship satisfaction and conflict resolution. These results of the study can be used to address conflict resolution problems in romantic relationships and further research.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine for the first time the factorial, construct, and predictive validity of the motivation for treatment (MfT) scale in a cohort of patients undergoing inpatient-qualified alcohol withdrawal treatment with the goal of referring patients to further treatment. The MfT scale has previously been evaluated in different settings of substance abuse treatment, revealing factorial ambiguity. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first study that conducted comprehensive factor analyses versus separate analyses of the factors conducted in prior studies in order to clarify the aforementioned factorial ambiguity. Methods: A total of 249 patients (mean age 45.2 years (SD = 10.3); 34.4% females) with alcohol dependence were assessed. Data were obtained from four inpatient clinics specialized in qualified alcohol withdrawal treatment in Germany. First, confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to examine the fit of the four models discussed in the literature. Second, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Correlations of the new factors with other motivational constructs and referral to a subsequent treatment were investigated as measures of construct and predictive validity. Results: None of the four models showed an acceptable fit to the data in confirmatory analyses. The exploratory analysis suggested to eliminate seven items because of inappropriate factor loadings and resulted in a shortened MfT scale, which consists of three factors based on 17 items. For the latent variables “problem recognition,” “desire for help,” and “treatment readiness,” satisfactory composite reliability was found with 0.82, 0.80, and 0.78, respectively. Evidence for predictive validity was found in the correlation between “treatment readiness” and referral to a subsequent treatment. Discussion/Conclusion: The new shortened MfT scale exhibited remarkable parsimony, which is desirable in settings such as withdrawal treatment, where patients frequently are cognitively or physically impaired. Despite its briefness, construct and predictive validity were better than in the original version of the MfT scale. The factorial validity of the suggested scale needs to be corroborated in further research.

Writing strategies are needed to manage the complexity of writing tasks, especially at university, where writing tasks are for learning, professional, or scientific purposes and are highly demanding. The literature shows that many undergraduate students have defined, stable, writing strategies, although some lack proper strategic development and require explicit instruction in this regard. In both cases, adapting writing tasks to undergraduate students' preferences and instructing them effectively requires understanding their writing strategies, which will encourage optimal learning and writing proficiency. This is why valid, reliable, writing strategy assessment tools are essential. The present study focused on the validation of the Spanish Writing Strategies Questionnaire-Undergraduate Students (WSQ-SU), aimed at measuring undergraduate students' preferences for using different writing strategies. The sample comprised 978 Spanish undergraduates doing degrees in Infant, Primary or Social Education, Pedagogy and Psychology. The data from the questionnaire was explored by means of exploratory and confirmatory analysis, test-retest reliability to analyse temporal stability and convergent validity. Two factors, planning and revising, were identified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, representing different writing strategies and supporting the original model. The results indicated adequate test-retest reliability and temporal stability. The results also showed the questionnaire's convergent validity; a direct, linear correlation between two factors and off-line planning and revising variables. Based on the results, the WSQ for undergraduate students-Spanish version has been shown to be a reliable and valid, scale that can be easily applied in the university context to explore undergraduate students' writing strategies.

This study aims to develop an attitude scale that will reveal preservice teachers’ attitudes towards classroom as an educational environment. Two references were applied in the process of writing the items to be included in the draft form of the scale: relevant literature and students’ opinions. 50 items were written in line with these two references, but upon the experts’ suggestions necessary corrections were taken into consideration and a draft form with 45 items was developed. Draft form of the scale was applied to a total of 473 students consisting of 361 females and 112 males who were studying at different levels of various teaching programs in the fall term of 2019-2020 academic year at Gazi Faculty of Education in Gazi University. Validity and Reliability analyses were done on the set of data obtained through the application of draft form. On the set of obtained data, exploratory data analysis (EDA) was carried out first for construct validity and then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. Exploratory data analysis (n1=263) and confirmatory factor analysis (n2=210) were performed in two separate groups. The results of exploratory data analysis (EDA) revealed that the scale consisted of 32 items and 4 sub-dimensions. Factor patterns formed by the items of attitude in the scale were named “Classroom as a boring learning environment”, “Classroom as a positive learning environment”, “Classroom as a peaceful environment” and “Classroom as a necessary learning environment” respectively. It was observed that this four-factor structure which constituted the scale explained 62.49% of the total variance of the scale. According to the results of the reliability analysis of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the whole scale was found .96, and for other sub-factors in the scale it was found .95, .90, .88, and .84 respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis which was conducted following exploratory data analysis revealed that adaptive values regarding the model were RMSEA, .066; χ2/df=2.1; SRMR=.05; IFI=.91; CFI=.91. These values regarding the scale which were obtained as a result of confirmatory analysis show that the structure of the scale was confirmed.

In France, Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being (SPWB)have not yet been used for older people. This article aims to provide preliminary information on psychometric properties of the 84-item version of the questionnaire in France. A sample of 426 older active adults completed the questionnaire. Reliability was estimated using internal consistency and the factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing both exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Using the shortened version of the instrument, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged from.72 to.88. Exploratory factor analysis indicated five factors. Therefore, five not six factors have been well loaded composing 20 items. Many models were compared by the confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that indeed five out the six dimensions overlapped considerably for older French people.

Individuals who have experienced suicidal thoughts or behaviors report experiencing stigma from social contacts as well as treatment providers. Stigma is, in turn, associated with worse outcomes, including increases in suicidal ideation. Although some research has measured experiences of stigma related to suicide, tools measuring destigmatizing or adaptive cognitions related to suicide stigma are limited. This study adapted a resource from NowMattersNow.org that lists 10 things people who had suicidal experiences said they wished they knew when they were suicidal into a pilot measure of adaptive cognitions about suicide. Participants (N = 1,258) completed the 10-item pilot measure, demographic items, and additional convergent/divergent measures. The sample was randomly split 25% (n = 314) / 75% (n = 944) for exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Psychometric analyses (i.e., exploratory factor analysis [EFA], confirmatory factor analysis [CFA], internal consistency estimates, measurement invariance testing, and correlations with other measures) were performed. A two-factor model was identified, with one factor consisting of items related to coping beliefs and one factor related to destigmatizing beliefs. Four items that did not clearly load into the two identified factors were dropped, leaving a total of six items in the final scale (three for each factor). The retained solution obtained good fit in a CFA framework. Scores on the two factors correlated in the expected directions with measures related to stigma, mental health, and experiences with suicide. The resultant measure was also invariant across (binary) gender. However, lower-than-desirable internal consistency estimates were obtained.

In today's technologies, in line with the needs of the age, social platforms have taken their place in education with increasing importance day by day. Especially in the pandemic process, which requires distance education, the tendency to social media has increased. Therefore, the attitudes of secondary school students towards the use of YouTube for learning purposes have gained importance. For this reason, it is aimed to develop the YouTube Usage Scale (YUS), which can be used to determine secondary school students' attitudes toward YouTube use. Thus, in the study, it was foreseen to determine the behavioral intentions of secondary school students to use YouTube as a Learning Resource and to reveal the factors affecting this behavioral intention. The research population consists of all secondary school students studying in the Malazgirt district of Muş province, located in the eastern part of Turkey, in the 2018-2019 academic year. The sample of the study is represented by 644 students selected by the random sampling method. The content validity of the YUS was provided by expert opinion. The construct validity was validated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). For content validity, a 47-item draft YUS was submitted to the opinion of a group of 14 experts in the field. The content validity of the 42-item YUS was ensured. In the construct validity studies of YUS, EFA was performed with a total of 644 secondary school students studying in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades. CFA was carried out with the participation of 311 secondary school students excluding the EFA sample group. EFA showed that YUS consisted of 4 sub-dimensions and 25 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.91 in the reliability analysis of YUS. Also, in reliability studies, it was determined that the subscales had summability and no response bias. The fit-order between the four-factor structure determined as a result of EFA and the sample data was examined using the AMOS 24.0 program within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). First- and second-order confirmatory analysis models were used in the data-model fit calculations. As a result of the study, the validity and reliability of the 24-items YUS scale were produced. Thus, the structures explaining the behavioral factors of secondary school students were defined, and the relationship of these structures with other factors was determined.

An excitement subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale

The Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (IIRS) is a measure designed to assess the impact of illness on various domains of functioning (G. M. Devins, 1994). In anxiety disordered patients, illness intrusiveness ratings are higher than those of chronically ill medical patients, suggesting that the IIRS may have a different underlying structure in a sample of individuals with anxiety disorders. To examine this possibility, IIRS items were submitted to an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in 2 samples (total N = 294). These solutions were compared to solutions in chronically ill populations from a previous study. In the exploratory analysis, both a one-factor and a three-factor solution were identified, accounting for 42 and 61% of the variance, respectively. Confirmatory analyses showed adequate similarity between the three-factor structure of the IIRS from a medically ill population and the current three-factor structure, suggesting that elevated IIRS scores in anxiety disordered samples cannot be explained simply by a different structure of the instrument.

Abstract. In this five-study paper, we developed and validated the Questionnaire of ethical Leadership (QueL). We examined the factor structure of QueL using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, along with measurement invariance techniques, using data from more than 1,200 leaders and subordinates working in Greece. Exploratory analysis indicated two latent highly-correlated factors that were labeled “Telos” and “Ethos.” Confirmatory analysis verified a bifactor solution. The bifactor QueL showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across independent samples of leaders and subordinates. QueL was found to be a reliable measure across time and occupational groups (leaders and subordinates). We found criterion correlations in the expected direction with other ethical leadership scales, related constructs (i.e., integrity, trust, ethical climate), as well as workplace attitudes and behaviors (i.e., burnout, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviors, deviant behaviors), leadership characteristics (transformational and transactional leadership, abusive supervision, personality), and socio-demographics (i.e., educational level and gender). We conclude that the new measure is a valuable tool for measuring workplace ethical leadership.

ObjectiveTo validate the Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge and Stigma Scale (WoCKSS) using item response theory (IRT), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).DesignCross-sectional psychometric validation.SettingManufacturing companies registered in Malaysia.ParticipantsA total of 137 factory workers participated in the exploratory phase and 300 in the confirmatory phase. Inclusion criteria were Malaysian nationality and ability to read Malay.MethodsThe knowledge domain was examined using the two-parameter logistic IRT model in two stages: an exploratory IRT analysis in phase 1 to screen items and a confirmatory IRT analysis in phase 2 to evaluate the final item set. The stigma domain was analysed using EFA followed by CFA. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega (ω). The development process and content and face validity results were previously published.Results14 knowledge items were retained after exploratory IRT and formed the final knowledge scale evaluated in confirmatory IRT. For these final items, discrimination parameters ranged from 0.77 to 3.17 and difficulty values from −4.47 to 0.23, with unidimensionality supported (p=0.644). EFA supported a three-factor stigma structure (stereotype, fear, prejudice), and CFA confirmed excellent model fit (χ2=8.91, df=11, p=0.630; root mean square error of approximation=0.00; Comparative Fit Index=1.00; Tucker-Lewis Index=1.00; standardised root mean square residual=0.021). Composite reliability by McDonald’s omega ranged from 0.691 to 0.893.ConclusionWoCKSS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing workplace COVID-19 knowledge and stigma in industrial sectors in Malaysia.

Context: Psychological distress is common among individuals with chronic illnesses such as arthritis, migraine, and lower back pain. Despite widespread use of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), culturally validated measures for Pakistani clinical populations remain limited. Childhood trauma and emotion regulation were assessed using the Urdu Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (Safdar &amp; Bokhari, 2015) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Soulat Khan &amp; Rukhsana Kausar, 2014). Aims: This study aimed to translate, adapt, and examine the psychometric properties of the K-10 among Pakistani middle-aged adults with chronic physical conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with 200 adults (45–60 years) diagnosed with arthritis, migraine, or chronic lower back pain. The K-10 was translated into Urdu using forward–backward translation, review, and cognitive pretesting. Construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability via Cronbach’s alpha, and criterion validity through correlations with the Urdu ACEs questionnaire. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory analyses supported a unidimensional structure explaining 54.1% of variance, with good reliability (α = .80) and model fit (CFI = .96, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .045). Psychological distress correlated positively with emotion suppression (r = .56, p &lt; .001) and adverse childhood experiences (r = .42, p &lt; .001). Conclusion: The Urdu-translated K-10 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing psychological distress in Pakistani middle-aged adults with chronic physical conditions for clinical and research use.

Measuring the impact burn injuries have on social participation is integral to understanding and improving survivors' quality of life, yet there are no existing instruments that comprehensively measure the social participation of burn survivors. This project aimed to develop the Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Profile (LIBRE), a patient-reported multidimensional assessment for understanding the social participation after burn injuries. 192 questions representing multiple social participation areas were administered to a convenience sample of 601 burn survivors. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to identify the underlying structure of the data. Using item response theory methods, a Graded Response Model was applied for each identified sub-domain. The resultant multidimensional LIBRE Profile can be administered via Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) or fixed short forms. The study sample included 54.7% women with a mean age of 44.6 (SD 15.9) years. The average time since burn injury was 15.4years (0-74years) and the average total body surface area burned was 40% (1-97%). The CFA indicated acceptable fit statistics (CFI range 0.913-0.977, TLI range 0.904-0.974, RMSEA range 0.06-0.096). The six unidimensional scales were named: relationships with family and friends, social interactions, social activities, work and employment, romantic relationships, and sexual relationships. The marginal reliability of the full item bank and CATs ranged from 0.84 to 0.93, with ceiling effects less than 15% for all scales. The LIBRE Profile is a promising new measure of social participation following a burn injury that enables burn survivors and their care providers to measure social participation.