Performance analysis of Space shift keying with generalized selection combining receive diversity

Visible light communication (VLC) is considered a breakthrough wireless communication technology that has been proven capable of achieving very high data rates. This is a key advantage in indoor communication scenarios, since the vast majority of wireless traffic is witnessed in indoor communications. In every wireless system, the trade-off between achievable throughput, transmit signal power and corresponding error rate performance is largely dependent upon the considered modulation format. This is also the case in VLC systems, which are typically characterized by stringent performance requirements. Motivated by this, in the present contribution we introduce the space shift keying (SSK) modulation scheme in the context of non-orthogonal-multiple-access (NOMA) communications, which have been shown to be a performance enhancer of indoor based VLC systems. Based on this, all network users in the considered set up receive the same superimposed signal of all NOMA users, which is transmitted from the activated transmitters corresponding to the multiplexed SSK users information. Based on this and assuming a unique maximum likelihood detection, we quantity the system performance in terms of the corresponding bit error rate (BER) performance at each receiver. This analysis leads to the development of useful insights of theoretical and practical interest, which are expected to be useful in the effective design, implementation and deployment of SSK in NOMA based VLC systems.

Analysis of SWIPT based dual-hop AF relay with SSK modulation over Nakagami-m fading channel

We consider a decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative relaying system where a source (S) and a single relay (R) use space shift keying (SSK) modulation for information transmission to the destination (D). Using the Euclidean distance between the SSK constellation points in the SD and RD links as the selection metric, selection combining (SC) can be used at D. Instead of SC, in order to take into account the average performance of SRD and SD links in the selection, scaled selection combining (SSC) is performed at D such that the selection metric in RD link is scaled by a factor $\alpha$ . The error performance of SSK DF SSC cooperative relaying is analyzed in this work. We derive the end-to-end symbol error probability (SEP) expression of the system in closed-form for binary SSK modulation and verify the results with simulation. Further we infer that SSK DF SSC system performs better than SSK system without cooperative relaying and SC in SSK DF cooperative relaying.

In this paper, the performance analysis of two different diversity models in presence of multiple interferers and co-channel interference is presented. Arbitrary number of received signals are examined and processed using these diversity techniques. The performance analysis is presented for a Partitioned Selection Diversity Combiner (PSDC) which is an Advanced Diversity Combiner (ADC) consisting of $L$ Selection Combiners (SC) followed by a Maximal Ratio Combiner (MRC). The results are also presented for another ADC consisting of a Generalized Selection Combiner (GSC) followed by an MRC. Both the models are analyzed in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI) over Nakagami-m fading channels. The signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is derived. Using the obtained expressions of SINR, the Average bit error rate (ABER) expression for differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and non-coherent frequency shift keying (NCFSK) modulation techniques are derived. The ABER results are plotted and comparison is made between the two diversity models. Numerical and simulation results are done.

In this letter, we present a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted space shift keying (SSK) modulation and reflection phase modulation (RPM) scheme, where RIS embeds its own information in the reflection phase shift of the reflected radio frequency (RF) signal. More specifically, the RIS simultaneously performs two tasks: i) reflecting the impinging RF signal with a discrete phase shift and ii) embedding the information bits in the phase shift. We perform joint detection for the RPM and SSK symbols using a maximum likelihood detector, and a unified analytical framework is presented for theoretical analysis of the average bit error rate (ABER) and ergodic capacity of the proposed scheme. All numerical results are thoroughly verified through Monte Carlo simulation. Numerical results reveal that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional SSK scheme.

In this article, space shift keying (SSK) modulation is used to study a wireless communication system when multiple relays are placed between the transmitter and the receiver. In SSK, the indices of the transmit antennas form the constellation symbols and no other data symbol are transmitted. The transmitter and the receiver communicate through a direct link and the existing relays. In this study, two types of relays are considered. Conventional amplify and forward relays in which all relays amplify their received signal and forward it to the destination in a round-robin fashion. In addition, decode and forward relays in which the relays that correctly detect the source signal will forward the corresponding fading gain to the destination in pre-determined orthogonal time slots are studied. The optimum decoder for both communication systems is derived and performance analysis are conducted. The exact average bit error probability (ABEP) over Rayleigh fading channels is obtained in closed-form for a source equipped with two transmit antennas and arbitrary number of relays. Furthermore, simple and general asymptotic expression for the ABEP is derived and analyzed. Numerical results are also provided, sustained by simulations which corroborate the exactness of the theoretical analysis. It is shown that both schemes perform nearly the same and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed.

In this study, the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of a dual-hop energy harvesting (EH) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is investigated. In order to improve the signal quality at the transmitter node, the transmitter antenna selection (TAS) method is applied, while the generalized selection combining (GSC) technique is used to increase the reliability at the users and maximum ratio combining (MRC) is utilized at eavesdropper (EVE). In the system, the relay node harvests energy from the signals received from the base station (BS) and transmits messages to the users with the amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol. In the study, the findings for the SOP are presented with Monte Carlo simulations. The study shows that there is a trade-off between harvested energy, data rate and SOP performance, while power allocation factors have an impact on secrecy performance.

There has been an increasing interest in digital transmission in the field of mobile radio. In a mobile communication system, because of multipath propagation, the communication channel is modeled as a Rayleigh fading channel. One of the most efficient techniques to reduce the fading effect and improve the system performance is space diversity reception. The average bit error rate (BER) performance of TC M-ary PSK with 2 branch selection combining (SC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity systems on a correlated Rayleigh fading channel is analysed, and some numerical results are shown. Although the correlation between branch causes signal-to-noise (SNR) loss (relative to the uncorrelated fading case) for SC and MRC diversities, the diversity can lead one to achieve the diversity gain compared to a system without diversity. It is found that the diversity gain of TC 8PSK with SC and MRC diversities is decreased with increasing the fading correlation parameter /spl xi//sup 2/, the diversity gain of TC 8PSK with MRC diversity is larger than TC 8PSK with SC diversity.

Space shift keying (SSK) is a recent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) modulation scheme where information is conveyed by the index of the activated antenna. An advantage of SSK transmitter is that it requires only one radio frequency (RF) chain. To achieve transmit diversity in such a single RF chain two antenna transmitter, modulation is dynamically changed between SSK and a modified form of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) based on channel condition in dynamic SSK-BPSK (DSB). DSB achieves second-order transmit diversity which is attributed to the statistical independence of sum and difference of independent and identically distributed complex Gaussian channel vectors. In order to study the impact of correlated and nonidentically distributed channel vectors on the transmit diversity of DSB, we consider transmitter correlated nonidentical Rayleigh fading in this work. We derive the bit error rate (BER) expression of DSB and the probability of using BPSK in DSB for the considered fading channel. Using asymptotic BER expressions, we study the diversity order of DSB. Results show that the transmit diversity of DSB is unaffected by the transmitter correlation when channel fading is identical, but nonidentical fading affects transmit diversity. Finally, we corroborate our analyses with simulation results.

Space shift keying (SSK) is a special case of spatial modulation (SM), which is a relatively new modulation technique that is getting recognized to be attractive in multi-antenna communications. Our new contribution in this paper is an analytical derivation of exact closed-form expression for the end-to-end bit error rate (BER) performance of SSK in decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative relaying. An incremental relaying (IR) scheme with selection combining (SC) at the destination is considered. In SSK, since the information is carried by the transmit antenna index, traditional selection combining methods based on instantaneous SNRs can not be directly used. To overcome this problem, we propose to do selection between direct and relayed paths based on the Euclidean distance between columns of the channel matrix. With this selection metric, an exact analytical expression for the end-to-end BER is derived in closed-form. Analytical results are shown to match with simulation results.

Performance analysis and comparison of a novel Steiner-Quadrature Space Shift Keying (S-QSSK) scheme in massive MIMO systems

In this paper, we propose space-polarization shift keying (SPSK) modulation scheme for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing dual-polarized antenna array, where the concept of space shift keying (SSK) is extended to include both the space and polarization dimensions. In the SPSK, polarization index also been used to relay the information along with the antenna index. As a result, the proposed transmission scheme reduces the signal processing complexity at the receiver exponentially when compared to the SSK scheme, for a given target transmission rate. In this correspondence, we investigate the performance of $$ 4\times 4 $$4×4 SPSK---MIMO configurations over different wireless channel scenarios for a range of values of the correlation coefficient and the Rician K-factor. We also highlight the effect of random orientation of antennas at the mobile unit on the bit error rate performance of SSK and SPSK transmission scheme. By using analytical results and simulations, we show that the proposed scheme outperforms the SSK scheme under line-of-sight channel conditions and its performance is comparable to SSK under non-line-of-sight channel conditions, for various receive-antenna inclination angle.

The analytical performance evaluation of various coherent diversity combining reception techniques in the presence of multiuser interference is presented into this paper. Particularly, the outage probability of the generalized selection combining (GSC) and its two extreme cases, namely the maximum ratio combining (MRC) and the selection combining (SC), are evaluated. The multiple interferers undergo independent and non-identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels, with distinct average received powers and arbitrary fading scales. New analytical outage expressions are presented including several channel fading conditions regarding the desired user's signal. Although the proposed approach is formed as an infinite series representation, it includes only simple elementary and Gamma functions, while it delivers a rapidly converging formula achieving a sufficiently high precision level. Moreover, the derived computational complexity of this function is thoroughly discussed, while a corresponding comparison with another popular technique indicates the usefulness of the proposed approach. Finally, the accuracy of the approach is verified with the aid of selected numerical results accompanied with equivalent simulation ones.

Performance analysis of space shift keying for AF relaying with relay selection

In this paper a completely new analytical approach to the performance evaluation of turbulence induced fading on free space optical (FSO) CDMA communication system is presented. The current analysis develops an expression of average SINR of FSO CDMA system using switched inversed keyed(SIK) correlator transmitter in presence of turbulence induced fading and multiple access interference(MAI). Link performance is evaluated in terms of average bit error rate which is numerically computed. The performance improvement over atmospheric turbulence fading channel is proposed by means of applying diversity using rake correlation receiver and output of rake receiver is combined using maximal ratio combining (MRC) scheme. It has been shown in numerical evaluation that BER gets improved in diversity reception than only line of sight (LOS) reception. Numerical result also shows that, applying path diversity mitigates multiple access interference with less received power. Finally, the performance is evaluated using two different sequences (Gold and Kasami ) and from performance evaluation, it is shown that KASAMI sequence exhibits less bit error performance than GOLD sequence.