Performance-Based Seismic Design of Eccentrically Braced Frames Using Target Drift and Yield Mechanism as Performance Criteria

Performance-based optimum seismic design of cable tray system

Performance-Based Seismic Design of Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls

In Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs), link beams in lower storeys may experience a high risk of vulnerability due to the nondistribution of plastic hinges in the frame height and this problem leads to the formation of the soft storey. To mitigate such vulnerabilities, successive link beams can be tied throughout the structure height employing tie elements to develop a tied EBF (TBF) system. Unlike many studies on K-TBFs with shear link beams, limited investigations have evaluated the performance of single diagonal TBFs and K-TBFs with flexural link beams. In this study, K-EBFs/TBFs refer to EBFs/TBFs having link beams with two braces and single diagonal EBFs/TBFs refer to EBFs/TBFs having link beams with one brace. K-EBFs with flexural link beams have drawn the attention of designers because these frames make more space in the architectural design to create larger openings. Accordingly, improving the performance of K-EBFs with flexural link beams is one of this research objectives. The results comparison for 18 2D EBFs with different storeys including K-EBF with shear behavior, K-EBF with flexural behavior, and single diagonal EBF with shear behavior indicated that tie elements in these models can increase energy dissipation capacity and distribute plastic hinges in the structure height. The results exhibited that not only this system performance was considerably improved using tie elements, but also offered better resistance against progressive collapse.

This study compares the Response Spectrum approach and Equivalent static methods with a performancebased seismic design for G+ 30.It was discovered that the building's story stiffness, story displacement, story shear, and story drift were all superior to those of the Response spectrum technique or Equivalent static approach, where the response spectrum, equivalent static, and performance basis design maximum narrative drifts were found to be 0.0009113, 0.000383, and 0.00113, respectively.Furthermore, performance-based design has been found to have the lowest building displacement value-28.4mm on the top floor-when it comes to story displacement.In the performance comparison, the building that was found to have the highest stiffness was building number 58010171KN/m, building number 19517666KN/m for ESM, and building number 37269757KN/m for RSM.The greatest measured value for the tale shear is 18716.99KN, the ESM is 9985.45,and the response spectrum is 14030.019.They satisfy the ASCE 7-16 code and IS 1893 Pt-1 2016 acceptance standards.The findings demonstrated the superior efficiency of performance-based seismic design over RSM and ESM.The ASCE-7,16 Code's acceptance criteria for the hinge response in the beam, column, and shear wall have been seen to be met by the tabulated value, which is less than the IO level that is completely operational and fulfils the criterion value.

This study presents a methodology to treat performance-based seismic design (PBSD) as an inverse engineering problem, where design parameters are directly derived to achieve specific performance objectives (POs). By implementing explainable machine learning (ML) models, this methodology directly maps design variables and performance metrics, thereby tackling the computational inefficiencies associated with performance-based design. The resultant ML model is integrated as an evaluation function into a genetic optimization algorithm to solve the inverse problem. The developed methodology is then applied to two different inventories of steel and concrete moment frames in Los Angeles and Charleston to obtain sectional properties of frame members that minimize expected annualized seismic loss in terms of repair costs. The results show high accuracy of the surrogate models (e.g. R2 > 90%) across a diverse set of building types, geometries, seismic design and site hazard, where the optimization algorithm could identify the optimum values of members' properties for a fixed set of geometric variables, consistent with engineering principles.This article is part of the theme issue 'Frontiers of applied inverse problems in science and engineering'.

Performance-based design (PBD) has emerged as the new model for seismic engineering. The concept if PBD is not limited to the field of seismic design however, the focus of this chapter is on the recent development in earthquake engineering. Performance-based seismic engineering (PBSE) is still evolving and the information presented in this chapter is not an extending design specification but rather, an introduction to the emerging concept of seismic design of building systems. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of existing procedures that attempt to incorporate performance-based concepts in seismic design of new structures or evaluation of existing structures. The chapter will discuss several potential approaches to accomplishing the goals of PBD and present an illustrative example that plied each conceptual framework in the evaluation of a hypothetical design to offer a basis for comparing the relative merits and potential drawbacks of each approach. The main emphasis of this chapter is placed on buildings since they constitute the largest stock of structures in the built environment

Assessment of the seismic behavior of self-centering eccentrically braced frames with vertical link-beam

In performance-based seismic design, evaluation of the deformation capacity of reinforced concrete columns is of paramount importance. The deformation capacity of a column can be expressed in several different ways: (1) curvature ductility, (2) displacement ductility, or (3) drift. Even though several performance-based confining reinforcement design procedures have been proposed, the relationship between different ductility factors is not clearly understood. The effect of concrete strength, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, volumetric ratio of confining reinforcement, shear span-to-depth ratio, and axial load level on the relationship between different ductility factors was studied. Finally, the confinement reinforcement design requirements of current design codes and recently proposed performance-based design methods were compared and critically examined.

Modal behavior factors for the performance-based seismic design of R/C wall-frame dual systems and infilled-MRFs

Performance-based seismic design (PBSD) is considered by many to be the next generation of design philosophy that focuses on the system performance of a structure during earthquake loading. For steel and concrete structures, this design philosophy is being used by a select group of practitioners. However, application to wood-frame buildings is still in the research stages; several approaches for PBSD are proposed with rehabilitation concepts available in ASCE 41. Currently, most of the PBSD methods for wood-frame buildings require designers to utilize a level of approach that is far more detailed than current design approaches. This increases the cost of any engineering for the design of wood-frame buildings. Therefore, in this study, a simplified design approach is developed that allows a designer to employ the PBSD methodology without complex analysis. Different from most existing PBSD procedures, this prescriptive approach was developed based on a significant number of numerical simulations using a sim...

Seismic Damage Assessment and Performance Levels of Reinforced Concrete Members

Performance-based design and seismic reliability analysis using designed experiments and neural networks

Passive control methods reduced the vulnerability of structures to earthquakes by decreasing the seismic demand and improving structural plasticity. One of the passive control systems is the eccentrically braced frame with a vertical shear link (V-EBF). The present study aims to direct the damage to the absorbing plates of the vertical link beam to allow the structure’s appropriate seismic performance and reparability. Yielding dampers are one of the most widely used types in systems and can provide perfect vibration control if used optimally. Different types of dampers were introduced and used; how to use them depends on the shape and the way they connect to the structure. This research investigates a new type of damper called box damper, an improved type of shear panel damper. The improvement in the way of connecting to the braced frame and the ease of using this damper in different situations are the features of this new damper. This research investigated the mechanism of these yielding dampers in structures and their strengths and weaknesses. In the next step in this study, a V-EBF with plates of thickness 4, 6, and 8 mm was analysed in the finite element software ABAQUS using the nonlinear static analysis and cyclic loading conditions. Some examples of this damper were attached to the braced frames to investigate the effect of using this damper on the seismic behaviour of the braced structures. The results show that the shear link performs like an electrical fuse absorbing all damage and plastic hinges so that other elements of the braced frame remain in their nonlinear elastic region. By increasing the thickness of the damper from 2 to 8 mm, the resistance increased by two times, and the flexibility of the structure had a noticeable change with the rise in thickness from 2 mm to 8 mm. Ductility increased from 38 to 75 mm.

Dissipative zones buildings, in which plastic hinges or plastic strains occur during, for instance, seismic episodes, have been studied for many different types of steel fuse elements. Stainless steel (SS), has attracted attention in this regard due to its high ductility and further studies are needed to determine its performance and usefulness as fuses.The use of SS in the construction industry has represented an advance due to its already known anticorrosive properties in addition to its strength and ductility. However, recent research on cyclic plasticity shows that SS has significant hardening properties, which can be exploited in the use of this material in structural elements to support cyclic loads, such as those occurring during earthquakes.The cyclic plasticity models in SS have been studied with some applications (fatigue, low‐cycle fatigue and extremely low cycle fatigue). Several studies carried out cyclic tests to obtain experimental data, which have been used for numerical models with the utilisation of a combined numerical model of kinematic/isotropic hardening. These studies recommend models to simulate the behaviour of SS under a cyclic load.This work presents an experimental study of the cyclic behaviour of SS when subject to low and extremely low cycle fatigue. Several protocols on tests such as companion, multiple step and arbitrary tests were carried out. The results inferred from the experimental program provide hardening parameters used to study one example of dissipative zones of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs).

This paper examines three aspects of nonstructural seismic qualification that become enablers for implementation of performance-based seismic design (PBSD) principles. These include: (1) identification of a nonstructural “large-class” category to address qualification of physically massive and costly equipment platforms, (2) establishment of a systems design framework for earthquake demand allocation at the subsystem level, and (3) introduction of subsystem testing techniques to qualify large-class equipment platforms by testing at the subassembly level. The fundamental premise prescribed in this paper is that implementation of PBSD approaches must be considered during foundation research investigations. Without consideration of the implementation aspect, PBSD will risk rejection by industry. The natural evolution of nonstructural earthquake protection likely points to PBSD, however understanding how to implement PBSD procedures is critical for eventual industry acceptance.KeywordsResponse SpectrumSeismic DemandFunctional DeviceDemand RequirementSeismic QualificationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.