Performance comparison between rectangular and circular patch antenna array

The work is to design a 2x2 circular microstrip patch antenna array resonating at 2.4GHz and it is simulated for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications by using HFSS tool. Circular patch antenna array is designed by depositing circular patches on FR-4 Epoxy substrate and is fed using microstrip feed lines. Fabricated antenna resonates at 2.391GHz. Antenna parameters such as Gain, return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Directivity, Reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are analyzed. 2x2 circular microstrip patch antenna produces more gain and less return loss compared to 2x2 rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The compact size and higher directivity compared to rectangular array makes it more relatively useful for WSN applications.

In this paper, we designed a rectangular patch single and array antenna by using CST software version 18.0. First, we used a copper as radiating patch and then the nanomaterial conductor like carbon nanotube (CNT) to improve the antenna performance. In both cases, the operating frequency is 2.4 GHz, which is used for many communication applications including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. We have designed the four-element patch array antenna in two forms of arrangement (series and corporate feed). We used the substrate FR4 (its height=1.6 mm, Єr=4.3) and copper as the ground in all our designs. The return loss (s parameter) Always less than 10 dB the value of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was close to the one in the designs. The highest directivity obtained from a patch array (1×4) antenna was 13.5 dBi when using carbon nanotube. Finally, we made a comparison of the analyzed results after simulation in a detailed table of the basic antenna properties, Including Return loss, VSWR, gain and directivity at the resonant frequency.

<p>In this paper, a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is simulated and optimized to operate in four frequency bands of the next generation of wireless communication systems. The proposed design incorporates a copper radiating patch with four implanted graphene strips for tuning purposes. The reconfigurable surface impedance of graphene can easily be altered by applying a DC voltage bias directly to the graphene strips, allowing the operating frequency of the antenna to be tuned as desired. The capability of the applied voltage to tune the operating frequency band of the proposed antenna is studied via computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (MWS). Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are introduced in order to improve the radiation parameters of the antenna. The operating frequency band of the tuneable rectangular MPA increases directly as the applied DC voltage bias is increased. Based on the simulation results, a tuneable rectangular MPA placed between two FSSs is proposed for fifth-generation applications.</p>

This paper describes the design of multiple element of co-polarization elliptical patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio is used as an effective tool for 3D electromagnetic simulation of high frequency design. In this paper, different dimensions with three elliptical shaped slots are implemented and attached with main radiating element while power has been excited from coaxial feeding. Radius of 14 different cylindrical dots are located at the left most center of the smallest elliptical slot. The analysis on performance will be based on the obtained result especially in radiation pattern, bandwidth and return loss. The antenna is capable of functioning with a maximum directivity of 6.948dBi and a return loss of -22.87dB.

The detection of branded and unbranded chemical materials is essential for the quality control assessment. In this work, a metamaterial inspired sensor is designed and fabricated, which incorporates oval-shaped wing resonators, in order to use to detect branded and unbranded diesels in the X-band frequency region. The simulation studies were carried out by using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio. A transmission line was introduced into the sensor design and genetic algorithm was used to optimize the proposed structure. Parametric study was investigated by changing the permittivity, permeability of the sensor layer, width of the transmission line, materials of the substrate layer, and width of the resonator. Results showed that different factors can be considered to sense the chemical materials including the shift in resonant frequency and amplitude variation in the reflection or transmission spectrum. It was found that the sensible variation in the transmission value is about −3.2 dB, which is superior to that reported in literature. It was concluded that the sensor is highly sensitive to distinguish the branded diesel from the unbranded one, which makes it viable for detecting fluidics in the chemical industry and medicine.

Performance improvement of THz MIMO antenna with graphene and prediction bandwidth through machine learning analysis for 6G application

A slotted patch rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) has been designed and observed the effect of slotted patch in this paper. The slotted patch and photonic band gap (PBG) substrate increase the gain, bandwidth as well as efficiency of the proposed antenna which resonates at 2.4 GHz. In the proposed antenna, Glass (pyrex) (lossy) substrate is used having dielectric constant of 4.82 and tangent loss of 0.0054. All data of the characteristic parameters have been estimated by using computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (MWS) suite of version 2017. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is of 174.3 MHz which covers entire ISM band (2 GHz – 2.49GHz). It possesses F/B ratio of 10.74 dB, return loss of −20.116 dB and efficiency of 68.79% at center operating frequency.

A new miniaturized Split-Ring Resonator-Based inverse double Sigma-Shaped artificial material for Penta-Band wireless communication

In this paper, a numerical study on the performance of an Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) antennas is constructed, the design and analysis of UWB antennas based on metamaterial of miniaturized geometries for different wireless applications is proposed. Computer Simulation Technology/ Microwave Studio (CSTMWS) software packages based on Finite Integration Technique (FIT) are used to build and analyze the proposed technique to design the metamaterial unit cells and the antenna structures. In this paper, to improve the performance of UWB antennas in term of bandwidth, gain, radiation pattern , and frequency resonance, metamaterial are proposed and constructed from the patches and ground plane mounted on the same substrate of the antenna structures. A systematic study based on FIT of CST MWS formulation is presented, therefore, a specific antenna parameters are readjusted for optimal design approach of the proposed antennas using optimization processes. Two prototypes have been constructed, the first prototypes using four Fractal cells applied at the top of circular shape UWB antenna and the ground plane. The second prototype is made of four modified Split Ring Resonator (SRR) and Capacitive Loaded Strip (CLS) and wire. The performance of the two prototypes is evaluated numerically using CST MWS formulation. Different parametric studies based on numerical simulations is invoked to arrive to the optimal design through monitoring the effects of adding the metamaterial structures on the performance of the proposed antennas. Therefore, these parametric studies are optimized to achieve maximum antenna bandwidth with relatively best gain

Aiming at the complex electromagnetic pulse response problems faced by the ship system, the research focuses on the coupling response of cables and typical antennas in the ship system under high altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP). Using the Computer Simulation Technology(CST) cable studio and microwave studio, combined with engineering practice, a three-dimensional parametric simulation model of the multi-cable coupling of the ship system is established to study single-core cables and coaxial cables with shielding layers, typical shipborne antennas' coupling response under HEMP. The research results can guide the protection design of the ship system against the complex electromagnetic environment.

This paper presents the 3D electromagnetic simulation investigation of magnetic field behavior of faulty and fault free interconnects in Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The interconnects have been modeled in three conditions: short fault, open fault, and normal. The simulations of interconnect fault inspection have been performed on two different observations. First on the induced magnetic field intensity behavior where the conductive lines are excited by voltage ports. The induced magnetic field intensities are detected by virtual probes available in CST at the location of 3 mm above the lines. Second observation is on the changes of the induced voltages across the eddy current coil sensor. The interconnects are exposed to an alternating magnetic field generating secondary magnetic field. This field induces changes of voltage which are detected by eddy current sensor placed at 1.5 mm above the interconnects. The simulation results generated from both cases have shown that in the presence of the short faults on interconnect, the peak magnetic field intensity and induced voltage are higher compared to the normal or reference interconnect of 0.708 mV. Whereas, open or discontinuity faults on the lines induced lower magnetic field intensity and voltage compared to the normal lines voltage of 0.708 mV.

In this paper, a circularly polarized antenna is proposed for satellite communication system. Commercially available Finite Integration Technique (FIT) based software Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio and finite element method solver based High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) have been used in this analysis. The proposed antenna achieved 3dB axial ratio of 30 MHz with −10dB reflection coefficient. The axial ratio and reflection coefficient has been verified with both CST and HFSS simulation software. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is 2.35 GHz. The antenna has been printed on FR-4 (lossy) Substrate material with relative Permittivity of 4.6 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna exhibits a 3 dB axial-ratio beam width of more than 1420.

This paper presents two compact-sized rectangular microstrip patch antenna(RMSPA) models with multiple slots for 5G mobile communication applications which require high bandwidth. The radiating elements of the proposed antennas are modified by varying slot arrangements. The resonating frequency of 28GHz, one of the candidates for 5G applications, is considered at which a low atmospheric absorption rate of electromagnetic waves has resulted. The size of the proposed antennas is 7 × 7 × 0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> with a substrate of FR4 material, a relative permittivity of 4.3, and a loss tangent of 0.025. The proposed antennas are simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio electromagnetic simulator software. For a better bandwidth improvement over the existing designs, multiple slots are inserted and optimized. Additionally, compared to published results the performance of the proposed antennas show improvements in return loss, voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR), and gain.

This paper presents the design of a rectangular microstrip line-fed patch antenna array with a centre frequency of 3.8 GHz for WiMAX and Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) applications. A single element, 1×2 and 2×2 microstrip rectangular patch antennas were designed and simulated in Computer Simulation Tool (CST) Microwave Studio environment. The results of designed antennas were compared in terms of Return Loss (S11 parameters), bandwidth, directivity, gain and radiation pattern. Compared to traditional microstrip antennas the proposed array structure achieved a gain and directivity of 13.2 dB and 13.5 dBi respectively. The antenna was fabricated using Rogers Duroid RT-5880 substrate with a dielectric constant e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.574 mm respectively. The array antennas were measured in the laboratory using Vector Network Analyser (VNA) and the results show good agreement with the array antenna simulation.

This project describes a design on array dielectric resonator antenna using disk shape. The dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) consists of high dielectric constant materials, high quality factors and mounted on a grounded dielectric substrate of lower permittivity. DRA is fabricated from low-loss and high relative dielectric constant material of various shapes whose resonant frequencies are functions of the size, shape and permittivity of the material. Two dielectric resonators is introducing as an array. The selected dielectric disks are operating at frequency of 2.4 GHz with dielectric constant of 34.73. The microstrip transmission line has been used as a feeding line for the resonator. The microstrip line is quarter wavelength where the frequency that applied from the input can get same with the output and divider was introduced in this layout. The simulation process was done using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The antenna has been fabricated on the FR-4 microstrip board using the wet etching technique. The DRA is operating at the frequency bands used for IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless LANs.