Performance comparison of UWB impulse-based multiple access schemes in indoor multipath channels

The rateless multiple access (RMA) scheme is a promising distributed multiple access scheme to achieve simultaneous high reliability, low latency and massive connectivity. In this paper, we investigate the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding performance of the RMA scheme in an Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation. For the first time, this paper derives the ensemble weight distribution of the RMA scheme. We derive an upper bound on the decoding error performance of the RMA scheme under ML decoding in an AWGN channel with BPSK modulation. Using the derived bound as the fitness function, we adopt the continuous genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of the RMA scheme. Simulation results show the tightness of the derived bound and the superiority of the optimized degree distribution over the conventional degree distributions.

Future communication system requires large bandwidths to achieve high data rates, thus rendering analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) a bottleneck due to its high power consumption. In this paper, we consider monobit receivers for QPSK. The optimal monobit receiver under Nyquist sampling is obtained and its performance is analyzed. Then, a suboptimal but low-complexity receiver is proposed. The effect of imbalances between In-phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) branches is carefully examined. To combat the performance loss due to IQ imbalances, monobit receivers based on double training sequences and eight-sector phase quantization are proposed. Numerical simulations show that the low-complexity suboptimal receiver suffers 3dB signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) loss in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and only 1dB SNR loss in multipath channels compared with matched-filter monobit receiver with perfect channel state information (CSI). It is further demonstrated that the amplitude imbalance has essentially no effect on monobit receivers. In AWGN channels, receivers based on double training sequences can efficiently compensate for the SNR loss without complexity increase, while receivers with eight-sector phase quantization can almost completely eliminate the SNR loss caused by IQ imbalances. In dense multipath channels, the effect of imbalances on monobit receivers is slight.

This paper discusses ultra wideband (UWB) system performance in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel in the presence of partial band interference, whose special case is tone interference. In UWB case, most of the interference can be seen as partial band interference due to the extremely large inherent bandwidth of the desired signal. The given redefined formulas are verified with the corresponding simulation results. Study has focused on direct sequence (DS) based UWB system that uses binary pulse amplitude modulation (HPAM) as a data modulation scheme. DS-UWB is selected due to its better performance when related to the corresponding time hopping system in the interfered environment. Interference is assumed to be band limited and Gaussian distributed, and the presented analysis allows freely spacing and arbitrary bandwidth for the interfering signal. It has been proved that the general bit-error-rate (BER) formulas for wideband systems can be applied also to UWB with some modifications to calculate the upper bound for the UWB performance. The given approaches are very simple and can benefit the real system parameters for the desired link.

This paper presents asymptotic multiuser efficiency (AME) performance analysis of the decorrelator based successive interference cancellation (DBSIC) DS-CDMA multiuser receiver DBSIC is similar to the conventional SIC receiver except that a decorrelator is used at each detection stage prior to cancellation. AMEs of DBSIC are compared with those of single-user matched filter, optimum, decorrelating and conventional SIC receivers over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. It is shown that over AWGN channels, DBSIC AME is lower than the optimum receiver AME when the interfering user is weaker than the user of interest but approaches the unity optimum receiver AME as the interferer becomes stronger than the user of interest. For all spreading codes cross-correlation considered, DBSIC has a similar AME curve shape as the conventional SIC receiver but has a higher AME which remains positive for all user energy ratios, illustrating its near-far resistance over AWGN channels. The AME of DBSIC is better than that of the decorrelating detector when the interferer is much weaker or slightly stronger than the user of interest and has worse performance when the interferer is not much weaker. It is shown that DBSIC is completely near-far resistant over Rayleigh fading channels with the same AME as the decorrelating scheme for user 1 and as the optimum scheme for user 2, both AMEs being independent of the user energy ratio. This shows that DBSIC is preferable compared to the decorrelating detector, while still being less complex than the optimum scheme over Rayleigh fading channels

This correspondence analyzes the performance of concatenated coding systems and modulation schemes operating over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel by examining the loss of capacity resulting from each of the processing steps. The techniques described in this correspondence allow the separate evaluation of codes and decoders and thus the identification of where loss of capacity occurs. Knowledge of this capacity loss is very useful for the overall design of a communications system, e.g., for evaluating the benefits of inner decoders that produce information beyond the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimate. The first two sections of this correspondence provide a general technique for calculating the composite capacity of an orthogonal or a bi-orthogonal code and the AWGN channel in isolation. The later sections examine the composite capacities of an orthogonal or a bi-orthogonal code, the AWGN channel, and various inner decoders including the decoder estimating the bit-by-bit probability of a one, as is used in turbo codes. The calculations in these examples show that the ML decoder introduces a large loss in capacity. Much of this capacity loss can be regained by using only slightly more complex inner decoders, e.g., a detector for M-ary frequency-shift keying (MFSK) that puts out the two most likely frequencies and the probability the ML estimate is correct produces significantly less degradation than one that puts out only the most likely frequency.

Modulo lattice additive noise (MLAN) channels appear in the analysis of structured lattice codes with lattice decoding for Costa's dirty-paper channel and the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Building on the recent result on the optimal density of an infinite constellation over an AWGN channel, in this paper, it is shown that with a proper choice of the shaping lattice and the scaling parameter, the dispersion of the MLAN channel is asymptotically the same as that of the (zero-interference) AWGN channel at the same signal-to-noise ratio.

Automatic identification of digitally modulated signal has to be able to identify the digitally modulated signal correctly and accurately. Importance of automatic identification of digitally modulated signals are rising increasingly. In this paper an advanced technique is presented, that automatically identifies the multi-user chirp modulated signals in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The proposed technique is implementing high order moments (fourth, sixth, and eighth) of detail coefficients of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as a feature extraction set. Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed as a classifier. The proposed identification procedure is capable of identifying multi-user chirp modulated signals with high accuracy at 0dB, 5dB, and 10dB Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), over AWGN channel.

The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is also known as multicarrier technology. Wideband digital communications in the recent past have increasingly utilized OFDM. It can withstand difficult channel circumstances, efficiently utilize spectrum resources, decrease ISI, and operate at a high data rate, among many other benefits. It has been used in several wireless and wired communication systems, including fourth generation Long-Term Evolution (4G LTE) mobile communications. The performance assessment and analysis of the OFDM system under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel has been carried out in this work. The factors in which system performance is assessed include the signal quality, Bit Error Rates (BERs), and Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs) of the received signals. To improve performance while employing multicarrier modulation, the subcarriers must be kept orthogonal to one another, in the process known as OFDM. The sole focus of this study is the performance analysis of PAPR, BER, and SNR utilizing various modulation methods and schemes.

Multiple trellis coded modulation of constant envelope frequency and phase modulated signal sets (MTCM/FPM) is investigated for performance on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and on the one-sided normal, Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. The Nakagami-m fading model is used as an alternative to the Rician fading model to calculate the error probability upper bound for trellis-coded schemes on the fading channel. The likeliness and the disparity between the upper bounds to the error probability for the two fading models are discussed. The design criteria for the one-sided normal fading channel, modeled by the Nakagami-m distribution, are observed to be the same as those for the Rayleigh-fading channel. For the MTCM/FPM schemes, it is demonstrated that the set partitioning designed to maximize symbol diversity (optimum for fading channels) is optimum for performance on the AWGN channel as well. The MTCM/FPM schemes demonstrate improved performance over MTCM/MPSK schemes and TCM/FPM schemes on the AWGN channel and the fading channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Recently, the differential detection scheme has attracted considerable attention as a demodulated scheme for digital mobile communications because of its robustness in the frequency nonselective fading channel. A problem of the differential detection scheme is that its bit error rate (BER) performance in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is inferior to that of the coherent detection scheme. To solve this problem, many methods to improve BER performance of the differential detection in the AWGN channel have been proposed. However, those methods require complex signal processings.This paper proposes a novel differential detection scheme as a simpler improvement method which estimates the differential phase of the transmitted signal by a sequence estimation scheme using the Viterbi algorithm. The proposed scheme is simplified in a manner such that its signal processing is composed of only additions and subtractions on the phase information of the received signal. Results of computer simulation show that BER performance of the proposed scheme is close to that of the ideal coherent detection in the AWGN channel. In addition, the trellis diagram of the Viterbi algorithm can be reduced without performance degradation introducing the signal processing similar to the Scarece State Transition (SST) type Viterbi decoding. The proposed scheme also is useful in the case of the fast Rician fading channel and the slow Rayleigh fading channel.

This paper is concerned with tele‐presence and tele‐operation of autonomous vehicles over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. This wireless communication channel is subject to transmission noise and transmission power constraint. An encoder, decoder and controller are proposed by implementing a novel linearization method for linearizing the nonlinear dynamic systems at operating points. For the linearized systems, the encoder, decoder and controller are implemented that were previously proposed for output tracking as well as stability of linear dynamic systems. Two novel linearization methods are proposed and their satisfactory performances are proved for output tracking as well as stability of nonlinear dynamic system. The first method is based on the fixed linearization rate and the second one is based on the variable (optimal) linearization rate. The decoder that is based on the second method is in fact the extended Kalman filter with the optimal linearization rate. The performances of these two methods are compared with each other and the other proposed methods by implementing them to the problems of the tele‐presence and tele‐operation of autonomous vehicles over the AWGN channel. Their satisfactory performances are illustrated. It is illustrated that the second method has higher computational complexity with slightly better performance and is applicable to a larger class of reference trajectories.

We consider the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with a (σ, ρ)-power constraint, which is motivated by energy harvesting communication systems. This constraint imposes a limit of σ + kρ on the total power of any k ≥ 1 consecutive transmitted symbols in a codeword. We analyze the capacity of this channel geometrically, by considering the set S n (σ, ρ) ⊆ ℝn which is the set of all n-length sequences satisfying the (σ, ρ)-power constraints. For a noise power of ν, we obtain an upper bound on capacity by considering the volume of the Minkowski sum of S n (σ, ρ) and the n-dimensional Euclidean ball of radius √nν. We analyze this bound using a result from convex geometry known as Steiner's formula, which gives the volume of this Minkowski sum in terms of the intrinsic volumes of S n (σ, ρ). We show that as n increases, the logarithms of the intrinsic volumes of {S n (σ, ρ)} converge to a limit function under an appropriate scaling. An upper bound on capacity is obtained in terms of the limit function, thus pinning down the asymptotic capacity of the (σ, ρ)-power constrained AWGN channel in the low-noise regime. We derive stronger results when σ = 0, corresponding to the amplitude-constrained AWGN channel.

Turbo codes (TC) is a powerful branch of error-control coding that has exhibited performances close to the Shannon limit, whilst offering a reasonable level of computational complexity. Repeat-punctured turbo codes (RPTCs) exploit the fact that the use of larger interleavers correspond to better bit-error rate (BER) performances for the conventional turbo code, and makes use of repetition and puncturing to improve the performance of the conventional turbo code for moderate to high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Motivated by turbo codes and repeat-punctured turbo codes, we study the use of a new scheme, dual-repeat-punctured turbo codes (DRPTC) in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. DRPTCs primarily make use of repetition and puncturing and the structure of the conventional turbo code to yield a more superior performance. The decoding in principle follows the technique of turbo decoding but needs some changes to yield the performance improvement. Simulation results for the AWGN channel is presented together with the analytical union bounds derived from transfer-function bounding techniques, and the codeword distance-spectrum for the proposed scheme is presented and evaluated.

The use of open-loop coding can be easily extended to a closed-loop concatenated code if the transmitter has access to feedback. This can be done by introducing a feedback transmission scheme as an inner code. In this paper, this process is investigated for the case when a linear feedback scheme is implemented as an inner code and, in particular, over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with noisy feedback. To begin, we look to derive an optimal linear feedback scheme by optimizing over the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). From this optimization, a linear feedback scheme is produced that is asymptotically optimal in the sense of blocklength-normalized SNR; it is then compared to other well-known schemes. Then, the linear feedback scheme is implemented as an inner code to a concatenated code over the AWGN channel with noisy feedback. This code shows improvements not only in error exponent bounds, but also in bit error rate (BER) and frame error rate (FER). It is also shown that if the concatenated code has total blocklength L and the inner code has blocklength, N, the inner code blocklength should scale as N = O(C/R), where C is the capacity of the channel and R is the rate of the concatenated code. Simulations with low-density parity-check (LDPC) and turbo codes are provided to display practical applications and their error rate benefits.

In this paper, a novel coded modulation scheme named Trellis-Coded Differential Chaotic Modulation (TC-DCM) is proposed, which combines trellis codes with M-ary Differential Chaotic Shift Keying (M-DCSK). The new scheme not only reduces the multipath interference efficiently due to its inherent spreading property, but also avoids the use of Channel State Information (CSI), exact synchronization, despreading and the Rake receiver, making the corresponding receiver design simpler and more suitable for band-limited communication systems under severe multipath propagation conditions. Analytical Bit-Error-Rate (BER) bounds are derived and verified over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels. Both analytical performances and simulation results show that the proposed scheme with different states and different coding rates can obtain significant coding gains, compared to the corresponding uncoded schemes with the same bandwidth over AWGN channels. In addition, it is found from simulations that over multipath Rayleigh fading channels without CSI, the proposed TC-DCM system outperforms the Trellis-Coded Modulation Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (TCM DS/SS) system with the same bandwidth efficiency.