Performance indicators for urban transport development in Nigeria

Selection of the most appropriate communications technology for a smart grid (SG) application is far from trivial. We propose such a feasibility assessment starting from identification of key performance indicators (KPIs) required for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading and grid control operations from a communications perspective. A set of cross-disciplinary KPIs, both quantitative and qualitative, are considered from communications, power, business, actor involvement, financial, and demand side management categories. They serve as a general baseline for use cases, as there have been few previous works attempting to capture the essential features of P2P SG operations. The KPIs are briefly identified along with their relations to P2P energy trading and grid control. A straightforward comparison of the quantitative and qualitative KPIs' impact on technology selection is not feasible. This paper addresses the comparison with: 1) a prioritization of the KPIs using the analytic hierarchy process; 2) a comparison of technology solutions evaluated in our previous works against the KPIs' requirements; and 3) a total feasibility evaluation of the solutions against selected KPIs. The prioritization shows latency, reliability, security, scalability, robustness, costs of information and communication technologies (ICT) devices, and costs of ICT deployment are the most important KPIs in enabling P2P energy trading and grid control. Further, the technology feasibility assessment enables identification of the most suitable candidates for an SG application.

Complex energy systems need to evaluate their performance through the achievement of its own objectives but also by comparison with best practices. This can be realized by identifying the key performance indicators (KPI) that clearly monitor the progress towards project goals. The work focuses mainly on the identification and categorisation of KPIs through a quantitative approach for the case of implementation of a hybrid energy supply system into the existing district heating network of University Politehnica of Bucharest. The main results of the study show that two levels of KPI can be defined: technology specific and overall DHC system. If on the technology level, the approach is to use the specifics standards already existing for the main technologies, for the system level, little information is available and consequentially, a method for calculating separately the cooling and heating impact in terms of energy, environment, and economy is proposed.

Prelims

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to describe aspects of case study herds investigated by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (DAFF) in which animal welfare incidents occurred and to identify key performance indicators (KPIs) that can be monitored to enhance the Early Warning System (EWS). Despite an EWS being in place for a number of years, animal welfare incidents continue to occur. Questionnaires regarding welfare incidents were sent to Superintending Veterinary Inspectors (SVIs), resulting in 18 herds being chosen as case study herds, 12 of which had a clearly defined welfare incident date. For each study herd, data on six potential KPIs were extracted from DAFF databases. The KPIs for those herds with a clearly defined welfare incident date were studied for a consecutive four year window, with the fourth year being the 'incident year', when the welfare incident was disclosed. For study herds without a clearly defined welfare incident date, the KPIs were determined on a yearly basis between 2001 and 2009.ResultsWe found that the late registration of calves, the use of on-farm burial as a method of carcase disposal, an increasing number of moves to knackeries over time and records of animals moved to 'herd unknown' were notable on the case farms.ConclusionFour KPIs were prominent on the case study farms and warrant further investigation in control herds to determine their potential to provide a framework for refining current systems of early warning and prevention.

Urban transport plays an important role in low-carbon eco-city and energy conservation and emission reduction in the transport sector. Urban low-carbon transport system is a complex dynamic system including society, economy, motor vehicles, cars, transport infrastructure and other factors. This paper analyzes the complex dynamics relationship through building an urban low-carbon transport system. Taking Shanghai as a case to simulate the urban low-carbon system, and the result suggests rapid increase of private cars is an important driver factor of carbon emissions. So, it is important to strengthen urban transport demand management and improve the urban transport structure in building urban low-carbon transport.

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el sistema de transporte urbano de la ciudad de Puno, se propone de infraestructura vial urbano para tener una capacidad vial de acuerdo al tipo de vía y así poder optimizar el tiempo de viaje del pasajero según la tendencia de movilidad, movilidad de origen destino según zonas, movilidad del transporte urbano. Se analizó el recorrido de rutas de transporte público urbano para determinar la velocidad promedio y así poder conocer los tiempos de viajes. La hipótesis que se ha formulado es: con el análisis del sistema de transporte urbano se propone infraestructura vial urbana para optimizar el tiempo de viaje del pasajero de la ciudad de Puno-2018, se analiza la tendencia de movilidad según origen destino, la movilidad del transporte urbano, rutas de transporte urbano público e infraestructura vial urbana. La investigación centró su metodología, bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental. Se aplicó un cuestionario como un instrumento para el análisis; de los cuales permitieron recoger información y analizar las variables de estudio y efectuar las correlaciones. La muestra estuvo conformada de 384 pasajeros y 8 microbuses que brindan servicio en las principales rutas de transporte público urbano. Como resultado se tiene que el sistema de transporte urbano de la ciudad de Puno es concentrado debido al uso de suelo en la zona céntrica, la movilidad vehicular tiene obstáculos en el flujo debido al uso de la calzada como estacionamiento y que las vías superan su capacidad vial la cual no optimiza los tiempos de viajes en ciudad de Puno para lo cual se requiere de infraestructura vial urbana como son: terminales terrestres, pavimentado de las vías paraderos, declarar zonas rígidas las vías que son utilizadas por las rutas de transporte urbano e implementar un sistema inteligente de gestión de tráfico en las intersecciones principales de la ciudad.

This paper develops recommendations for improving in an evolutionary manner the performance of our urban ground transportation systems. The strengths and limitations of present static control technology and current computer traffic signal and freeway surveillance and control systems in urban areas are described. A taxonomy of possible information and control configurations in urban traffic operations is developed. The alternatives in the taxonomy are analysed and used as the basis for recommending specific real time information and control functions for improving, in an evolutionary manner, the performance of urban ground transportation systems. The recommended improvements would allow for the first time a meaningful substitution of operational control for physical (static) capacity increases in urban transportation.

The continuing requirements for better urban transport systems in general and the need for a healthier environment haves led to an increased level of research around the world. This is reflected in the proceedings of this well-established meeting which demonstrates the steady growth of research into urban transport systems. The variety of topics covered by the conference is of primary importance for analysing the complex interactions of the urban transport environment and for establishing action strategies for transport and traffic problems.The topics covered in this book include: Environmental impact; Environmentally friendly transport modes; Public transport systems; Transport modelling and simulation; Urban transport management; Transport safety and security; Infrastructure; Land use and transport integration.

In absence of the railway at Kathmandu, Nepal, public transport effectiveness needs to be assessed. The paper aims to assess the operational performance of public transportation in Kalanki-Kalimati-Tripureshwor-Bhotahity forward 6700 m and backward 6200 m section of Kathmandu. Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for performance assessment were listed from the literature review and finalized through departmental expert consultation based on average mean score analysis of availability, cost of collection, quality and necessity of the data. Based on the finalized 4 KPI along with 29 micro KPI, performance of SajhaYatayat, bus and microbus were compared categorizing under economical, service, safety and people perception by collecting data through field survey. The economic analysis reveals that microbus has the highest internal rate of return and benefit cost ratio highest as 28.55% and 1.35 respectively while the bus has the highest revenue per kilometer and cost per kilometer as 104.94 and 79.012 respectively. Service indicators analysis reveals that SajhaYatayat has the highest travel time ratio and running time as 1425sec and 1.66, microbus has the highest journey time as 1555.86 sec, the bus has the highest running speed, journey speed and running index as 17.39 kph, 16.42 kph and 0.68 while traveling from Kalanki to Bhotahity respectively. The average passenger waiting index is 0.88. The affordability index of microbus is 4.47% respectively. Bus punctuality of SajhaYatayat is non-frequent but bus and microbus are Frequent. According to a schedule questionnaire survey with 94 respondents, the result of people perception indicators reveals that 21.27% of respondents are not satisfied with SajhaYatayat, bus and microbus. It is concluded that SajhaYatayat is performing better among three-selected public transport in the study route i.e. SajhaYatayat, bus and microbus are performing in decreasing order.

The urban transport sector in most developing nations accounts for 50 to 70 percent of Gross National Product hence plays an important role in the development of the urban economy of most cities including Kumasi in Ghana. However, the pricing of urban transport services, especially in developing countries has been riddled with numerous challenges that have led to several associated problems. The main objective of the paper is to identify factors affecting the pricing of urban transport services in the city of Kumasi. Data for this paper were sourced from two key surveys spanning a period of five weeks which involved the interviewing of 150 urban transport services operators and 400 passengers in the Kumasi Metropolis. The paper identified fare level, fuel cost, overhead cost and population density among others as key factors which affected the pricing of urban transport services in Kumasi. Furthermore, it provides insights into how pricing could be used as a strategy to harmonise the interests of all stakeholders in the urban transport services industry in Kumasi. The paper further provides insights into the policy implications of the factors which affected pricing and suggests ways for the management of the pricing system in Ghana. KEYWORDS: Urban transport, developing, Ghana, pricing, Kumasi, fare

The rapid growth of cities all over the world has inevitably led to the aggravation of economic, social and environmental problems. In this regard, developing «green», low-carbon, circular and other new economic models is necessary. Transport sector is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. The purpose of this work is to assess the impact of urban public transport, especially electric buses, on the air quality. The authors have analyzed international and Russia’s experience of the low-carbon development of urban public transport and evaluated the environmental effects of transitioning to electric buses in Moscow using a regression model and data visualization tools. The results have shown that integrating electric buses into an urban transport system can be considered as a step towards the low-carbon development of the transport sector. The authors have identified a decrease in carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the districts of Moscow where there are electric bus routes. Although the authors managed to demonstrate positive aspects of using e-buses instead of traditional ones, the proposed hypotheses were not fully confirmed due to limited data and a small number of electric bus routes at an early stage of the project. The results of the work can be used both in theoretical studies of sustainable development and practical implementation of programs for the low-carbon development of an urban transport network

Engineering human-centric urban transport systems should be carried out using information technology in forecasting traffic and passenger flows. One of the most important objects of urban transport systems’ progress is modeling patterns of transport flows and their distribution on the road network. These patterns are determined by the subjective choice of city residents of traffic routes using public and private transport. This study aimed to form a sequence of stages of modeling transport and passenger flows in human-centric urban transport systems and passenger flows in the human-centric urban intelligent transport systems and to determine the patterns of change to the gravity function of employees of municipal services. It was revealed that the trip distribution function of workers of urban service enterprises can be described by the attributes of the structure of the city, socio-economic data, and attributes characterizing the zones and its residents.

In order to promote the sound development of urban public transport industry, government administration needs to enhance quality supervision of operational service to public transport enterprises, while taking scientific and effective strategy of financial subsidies. So service supervision and subsidies evaluation system for urban public transport are designed. First of all, system construction demand was analyzed based on enterprise operation cost accounting, subsidies evaluation and service quality supervision. And then the idea and workflow of system construction are proposed. Furthermore, public transport enterprises cost accounting, supervision and evaluation of public transport enterprise services, compensation scope and methods of financial subsidies to public transport enterprises, audit and evaluation of compensation mechanisms for financial subsidies are analyzed and researched separately. Based on the above, functional architecture of service supervision and subsidies evaluation system for urban public transport for government sector management is proposed. The system is composed of four function modules: basic database of public transport operation, cost of ticket revenue accounting system, service quality evaluation system, and subsidies compensation evaluation system. The ideas and methods are provided for service supervision and subsidies evaluation system for urban public transport and industry management information platform construction.

Modelling and Evaluation of KPIs for the Assessment of Sustainable Manufacturing: An Extrusion process case study

Системи міського пасажирського транспорту займають особливе місце в загальній структурі пасажирського транспорту, що пояснюється безупинним підвищенням ролі міст у житті суспільства, обумовленого розподілом праці та концентрацією виробництва. Зміни в житті України призвели до значної модифікації структури потреб населення в перевезеннях і перебудові маршрутних систем більшості українських міст, яка найчастіше носила стихійний характер. У той же час прийняття рішень про зміну маршрутних систем являє собою складну задачу, що торкається інтересів великої кількості городян та має значне соціальне й економічне значення. Створення інформаційної бази міста передбачає збір вихідних даних про транспортну мережу, характеристики вулично-дорожньої мережі і попиту на переміщення пасажирів. При цьому вибір маршрутів руху громадського транспорту, що входять у систему, відбувається на основі попередньої оцінки ефективності її функціонування. На підставі пасажиропотоків за кожним маршрутом розраховується раціональна кількість транспортних засобів, техніко-економічні і техніко-експлуатаційні показники роботи на маршрутах. У роботі представлено аналіз оціночних показників функціонування пасажирської системи міста Дубно, дано їх характеристику, намічено шляхи покращення ефективності функціонування на перспективу.