Performance Test of Power Service Based on Slicing Packet Network

Net Primary Productivity (NPP) serves as a key indicator of ecosystem health and productivity. However, most existing research focuses on primary land cover types, overlooking the dynamic response processes of NPP in refined vegetation types to multiple climate drivers. Furthermore, it lacks systematic analysis of the feedback mechanisms through which China’s Five-Year Plan (FYP) ecological projects regulate climate stress. This study, based on refined vegetation classification, systematically analyzes the dynamic changes in NPP in Heilongjiang Province from the 10th to the 13th FYP periods (2001–2020), with a focus on refined vegetation types. Results show that between 2001 and 2020, mixed-leaved forest emerged as the core driver of regional NPP change during the 12th FYP (NPP increase of +58.4 gC·m−2·a−1). Although deciduous needle-leaved forest (DNF) showed the highest cumulative increase (+64 gC·m−2·a−1), it experienced significant degradation (p < 0.01) in 57%–62% of its area during the 12th and 13th FYP periods. The dominant climate driver shifted from precipitation (positively correlated in 74% of the area during the 10th–11th FYPs) to drought stress dominated by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (positive correlation increasing to 54%). Ecological projects mitigated the negative impact of temperature, reducing the area with negative correlations by 13%. Overall, the ecological policies of the FYP exerted a weak negative influence. However, forest vegetation was strongly regulated by VPD (SV = −0.61~0.59), while grasslands and croplands exhibited high sensitivity to temperature. These findings underscore the contrasting climate policy responses among plant functional groups, highlighting the urgent need for differentiated ecological management strategies.

In 2012, General Office of State Council forwarded the '12th Five-Year Plan' on National Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases, which was jointly developed by Former Ministry of Health, Development and Reform Commission, and Ministry of Finance. During 12th Five-Year Plan period, national prevention and control of endemic diseases had made steady progress. This article mainly summarized progress made in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China during 12th Five-Year Plan period. The main problems encountered in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China were discussed. The prevention and key research tasks of 13th Five-Year Plan on national prevention and control of endemic diseases were introduced. In 13th Five-Year Plan, key issues in prevention and control of endemic diseases will be existing main problems, to carry out targeted prevention and control, and to develop scientific and accurate prevention and control plan according to law. Key words: Endemic disease; Prevention and control; Public health administration

The path congestion and communication risks of electric power communication network have emerged as the carried businesses are becoming more and more heavy. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method for power communication network routing considering the importance of the carried businesses is proposed to reduce load imbalance and transmission risk. Firstly, information entropy is introduced as the objective of communication network load balancing optimization. And a risk assessment model for power communication network nodes and links is established. Then fuzzy membership functions are adopted to singularize the two objectives to jointly optimize path congestion and communication risks. The device nodes are dynamically divided according to the carried businesses to pursue the global optimization of the power communication network in which the Yen's algorithm is adopted. Finally, this paper uses the IEEE 30-bus communication network to carry out case simulations and analyzes the proposed method to verify the effectiveness and feasibility.

Purpose – This paper aims to explore achievements and issues in the implementation of China ' s 12th Five-Year Plan to provide input for the preparation of the coming 13th Five-Year Plan, and also to provide some messages for the understanding of the Party ' s documents of suggestions for the preparation of China ' s 13th Five-Year Plan. Design/methodology/approach – Eight essential aspects related to economy, society and ecological environment of the implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan are analyzed both for the achievements and issues. Comparative analyses are done through historical data and international comparison. Findings – It is hoped that the achievements found in the implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan will consolidate the confidence for establishing an all-round well-off society of China by the year 2020 and issues discovered will be overcome through appropriate measures. Originality/value – This paper will contribute to the understanding of “Suggestions for the preparation of National Economic and Social Development 13th Five-Year Plan” by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on 29 October 2015, and also the coming 13th Five-Year Plan, which will be announced in March 2016.

A decomposition model was applied to study the resource-saving and environment-friendly effects of air pollutant emissions (taking industrial SO2 emission as an example) in China. From the results, it is found that 38.93% and 61.07% are contributed to environment-friendly and resource-saving effects, respectively, by the dramatic decrease in industrial SO2 emission density (nearly 70% from 2001 to 2010). This indicates that China has achieved important progress during the 11th FYP (five-year plan) compared with the 10th FYP. A simultaneous equations model was also employed to analyze the influencing factors by using data from 30 provinces in China. The results imply that the influence of environmental regulation on environment-friendly effect is not obvious during the 10th FYP but obvious during the 11th FYP. Thus, the government should continue promoting the environment-friendly effect by further enhancing environmental regulation and strengthening the role of environmental management.

智能变电站在电力系统中处于重要地位，为了满足电力系统的要求，电力通信网结构不断地进行优化，大量引进通信领域新技术，使得电力通信网越来越复杂。影响变电站通信安全的因素日益增加，变电站通信网络安全这一问题变的日益复杂。本文以智能变电站的通信网络为基础，对智能变电站通信网络的发展历程进行简要介绍，分析比较几种通信技术的优缺点，针对变电站信息安全面对的威胁以及现阶段管理现状、管理制度等在实际运行中存在的问题进行深入讨论，全面研究分析了变电站面临的信息安全问题。 Intelligent Substation in the power system is an important factor. In order to meet the power system require- ments, the system constantly optimizes power communication network structures, including massive introduction of new communications technologies, making electric power communication network more complex than ever. Factors affecting the substation communication safety are increasing. Substation communication network security problems become more complex. In this paper, intelligent substation communication networks based on intelligent substation communication network development process are briefly described, and the advantages and disadvantages of several communication technologies are analyzed and compared . In the end of the article, this paper comprehensive analyzed substation informa- tion system threats, present management situation and management system in actual operation.

With the development of the energy Internet, power communication services are heterogeneous, and different power communication services have different business priorities. The power communication services with different priorities have different requirements for network bandwidth and real-time performance. For traditional unified service, a scheduling method cannot meet these service requirements at the same time, and electric power communication network cannot guarantee the quality of service. Therefore, how to make full use of the time-varying characteristics of communication resources to meet the business needs of different priorities and achieve the goals of high resource utilization and transmission quality has become one of the urgent problems in the power communication network. For this reason, in order to adapt to the real-time congestion of the network, we have designed a packet scheduling method based on the dynamic adjustment of service priority, which dynamically adjusts the priority of the power service on the node; in addition, an evaluation method for the trust value of wireless forwarding nodes is introduced to improve the security of data transmission; and finally, we valuate the channel quality to establish a reasonable and efficient packet scheduling mechanism for services of different priorities. Simulation results show that this method improves the communication performance of high-priority services and improves the spectrum resource utilization of the entire system.

1. The hydroelectric stations planned for construction in the 10th Five-Year Plan have considerably more favorable indices with respect to the specific flooding of farmland by reservoirs in comparison with these indices of operating stations and those under construction. 2. Environmental-protection measures are being reflected more completely in the hydroelectric station projects on which construction was accomplished in the 9th Five-Year Plan or is being planned in the 10th Five-Year Plan. However, many aspects of the problem of environmental protection owing to the lack of available scientific data are still not being taken into account completely when designing, constructing, and operating hydropower installations. Therefore, the further development of investigations in this area, just as generalization of the experience in the design, construction, and operation of reservoirs, is quite urgent. 3. It is necessary to organize broad scientific investigations of each of the specific installations in order to establish their possible effect on the environment so that these results can be used when designing, constructing, and operating these installations.

Electrical power communication networks undertake complicated power services. They interact with physical power grids all the time, which will result in a high risk to power grids when their electric power communication network is attacked. Therefore, to improve the reliability of power systems, it is of great significance to identify the key links of communication networks. Existing research studies focus more on the risk of power communication services undertaken by communication links, which ignores the frequent interaction between power grids and communications networks. In this paper, from a multi-layer network perspective, an assessment method of communication equipment is proposed in view of the operation characteristics of nodes in different systems as well as the dynamic fault propagation between homogeneous communication nodes. Firstly, we build a model of cyber-physical power interdependent network. Then, for communication nodes, a dynamic model is adopted for cascading failure among the nodes based on the load-capacity model. Afterward, we define an index to evaluate the node importance considering characteristics of the operation of both communication networks and power grids. Finally, a local power grid is taken as an example for verification by comparing the effects of different indexes. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the evaluation method proposed.

Synthetically analyze the power distribution communication network technology in the smart power grid link. It mainly includes the summary of the smart distribution network, electric power communication backbone network and then layer communication requirements, the network mode and the application mode of WLAN technology in the distribution network, EPON network technology, micropower wireless technology, PTN technology and power broadband wireless systems. State the demand of the smart power distribution business and put forward technical guidance for the smart power distribution communication network scheme. In view of the complex distribution network architecture, more nodes and scattered, complex business types data business needs, put forward the integrated solutions of optical fiber communication as the backbone access, wireless bandwidth, passive optical communication as the coverage, the short distance wireless communication as the main terminal access. It provides a reference for the communication plan of distribution side.

In the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, government will continue to promote the construction of Intelligent Electric Grid , and the construction of more efficient electric power communication access network will also go into the extensive stage from partial stage. But as so far, a large number of public network devices are applied in power communication system, so the equipment’s security is one important issue. This paper analyze the situation of electric power communication access network firstly, and then introduce our specific work in some one device’s security, such as user authentication protocol, the hand-in-hand protection of EPON, and devices’ EMC.

Proposals for the 13th Five-Year Plan were discussed and reviewed during the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Central Committee, which convened in Beijing from 26-29 October, 2015. A final plan would be ratified by the annual session of the National People's Congress in March 2016. The new Five-Year Plan was being proposed at a crucial time, when the country's eco?nomic growth was slowing down. The economic growth slowed further in the third quarter of 2015, with the growth rate dropping to 6.9 per cent for the first time below 7 per cent since the global financial crisis in 2009.

Driven by recent telecommunication demand, shared communication channels are more abundant today than ever before. These shared wired/wireless networks for communication are being exploited more and more in control systems to connect sensors, controllers and actuators resulting in so-called networked control systems (NCSs). NCSs replace the more traditional control systems where dedicated point-to-point (wired) connections are being used. The advantages of using NCS technology are inexpensive and easily modifiable communication links which allow control algorithms to be easily implemented in situations where dedicated connections are not possible (either economically or physically). However, the drawback is that the control system is susceptible to undesirable (possibly destabilizing) side-effects such as time-varying transmission intervals, time-varying delays, packet dropouts, quantization and a shared communication medium. These network-induced effects undermine fundamental assumptions on which traditional control theory is built and, therefore, it is essential to develop new techniques and tools that can be used to analyze and/or design control systems which communicate via a shared network. This thesis advances NCS analysis and design methodologies by contributing new theoretical developments, new software tools and new experimental validation results. The first new theoretical development is in the area of analyzing robust stability properties with respect to network-induced effects. A sum of squares (SOS) approach for a class of nonlinear NCSs incorporating bounded time-varying delays, bounded time-varying transmission intervals and a shared communication medium is developed. Mathematical models that describe these nonlinear NCSs are cast into suitable hybrid system formulations. Based on these hybrid system formulations, (families of) Lyapunov functions are constructed using SOS techniques. Amongst other benefits, it is shown that this technique improves the guaranteed robustness margins compared to existing work. The second new theoretical development concerns the design of networkaware decentralized controllers guaranteeing robust stability properties with respect to network-induced effects. We develop one of the first approaches based on semidefinite programming techniques to synthesize stabilizing decentralized observer-based output-feedback controllers for linear plants where the controllers, sensors and actuators are connected via a shared communication network subject to time-varying transmission intervals and delays. To effectively deal with the shared communication medium, a switched observer structure is adopted that switches based on the transmitted measured outputs and a switched controller structure is also adopted that switches based on the transmitted control inputs at each transmission time. By taking a discrete-time switched linear system perspective on modeling these decentralized NCSs, we are able to derive a general model that captures all these networked and decentralized control aspects. We provide linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based synthesis conditions which, if satisfied, provide stabilizing observer-based controllers that are both decentralized and robust to network effects. Regarding new software tools, the first prototype of a toolbox is developed to automate (robust) stability analysis (and controller design) for NCSs. Specifically, it is shown that the toolbox can be employed to efficiently verify if a linear time-invariant (LTI) plant and an LTI controller interconnected with a shared network are robust to certain network imperfections. The main intention of the toolbox is to make the available theory readily accessible to and applicable for the general control community. Additionally, the chosen software structure enables the incorporation of custom models or custom stability/performance analysis conditions in an easy manner, thereby allowing the control community to contribute and to further develop the toolbox. Finally, an experimental case study involving a wirelessly controlled inverted pendulum/cart system is investigated. In particular, the communication network itself is analyzed such that the network-induced effects can be characterized in terms of bounds on the transmission intervals and transmission delays. Based on these bounds, the prototype toolbox is applied to analyze the robustness regions for different performance specifications, which aid in tuning the controller to achieve more closed-loop robustness with respect to the network-induced effects. This leads to a validation of the developed theory in an experimental setting. In addition to the validation of the developed theory, many new insights into the network behavior are obtained and explained, thereby raising new interesting questions for future research on NCSs.

Energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction in China's 11th Five-Year Plan: A performance evaluation

Analysis of the circular economy efficiency of China's industrial wastewater and solid waste - based on a comparison before and after the 13th Five-Year Plan