Performative Design: A Performance-Based Model of Digital Architectural Design

In view of current developments in the theory and technology of digital design, potential novel directions for environments that support performance-based design are beginning to emerge. The field of performance-based design is defined through an analysis of current work in the field. Various models of performance-based architectural design are presented and discussed. On the basis of this analysis, key concepts and issues in the application of performance-based design in architecture are defined and certain research directions for the development of new approaches are presented. Finally we propose a new approach termed: Performative Design. Performative Design suggests that in creating simulation environments for performance-based architectural design both generative and evaluative capabilities can be integrated within performance-based simulations. The potential of performance-based simulation as a model of performance-based design is explored through a case study from an experimental digital design studio. Implication of this work on future research directions in the field is explicated.

The application of AI technology in architectural software has brought various innovations and changes to the industry. By introducing convolutional neural networks and deep neural networks, architectural design software is expected to automatically identify and generate complex architectural images, optimize the design process, and provide intelligent design assistance. Through literature research, this paper aims to discuss the specific application of CNN and DNN in parametric design and the innovation brought by them, and analyzes the application of these technologies in architectural image recognition, generation, design optimization and other aspects. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers in related fields and promote the innovative application of AI technology in architectural design. The application of AI technology in architectural software has brought numerous innovations and changes to the industry. By introducing convolutional neural networks and deep neural networks, architectural design software is expected to automatically identify and generate complex architectural images, optimize the design process, and provide intelligent design assistance. Through literature research, this paper aims to discuss the specific application of CNN and DNN in parametric design and the innovation brought by them; it also analyzes the application of these technologies in architectural image recognition, generation, design optimization, and other aspects. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers in related fields and promote the innovative application of AI technology in architectural design.

Architecture design education is evolved in respond to the emergence of information technologies as well as globalization. In the new era, digital design education is becoming a design platform to integrate technology and design. This paper aims to provide overviews of digital architectural design education. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework to examine the focus of digital design education and the relationship among (1) design contents, (2) digital technologies and tools, and (3) design theory and methodologies in digital design studios. The attempts in National Cheng Kung University in the past 10 years provide the foundation for observation and discussion. The pedagogy and approaches are examined, and the trend and potential directions are reported.

HyperCell: A Bio-inspired Design Framework for Real-time Interactive Architectures

In order to carry out a comprehensive design description of the specific architectural model of AI, the auxiliary model of AI and architectural spatial intelligence is deeply integrated, and flexible design is carried out according to the actual situation. AI assists in the generation of architectural intention and architectural form, mainly supporting academic and working theoretical models, promoting technological innovation, and thus improving the design efficiency of the architectural design industry. AI-aided architectural design enables every designer to achieve design freedom. At the same time, with the help of AI, architectural design can complete the corresponding work faster and more efficiently. With the help of AI technology, through the adjustment and optimization of keywords, AI automatically generates a batch of architectural space design schemes. Against this background, the auxiliary model of architectural space design is established through the literature research of the AI model, the architectural space intelligent auxiliary model, and the semantic network and the internal structure analysis of architectural space. Secondly, to ensure compliance with the three-dimensional characteristics of the architectural space from the data source, based on the analysis of the overall function and structure of space design, the intelligent design of the architectural space auxiliary by Deep Learning is carried out. Finally, it takes the 3D model selected in the UrbanScene3D data set as the research object, and the auxiliary performance of AI’s architectural space intelligent model is tested. The research results show that with the increasing number of network nodes, the model fitting degree on the test data set and training data set is decreasing. The fitting curve of the comprehensive model shows that the intelligent design scheme of architectural space based on AI is superior to the traditional architectural design scheme. As the number of nodes in the network connection layer increases, the intelligent score of space temperature and humidity will continue to rise. The model can achieve the optimal intelligent auxiliary effect of architectural space. The research has practical application value for promoting the intelligent and digital transformation of architectural space design.

As a follow-up research, this research aims to develop a Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade symmetric pattern design process using Interactive Genetic Algorithm from Genetic Algorithm in order to drawing out Swarm Intelligence-Based Parametric Facade Pattern Design Methods, which are so called ‘Population Position’, Three Behaviors’, and ‘Flow’, developed by Oh, Y. E. and Lee, H. S. (2021). This study’s method is first, to theoretically review Genetic Algorithm as a design process platform, often utilized in Biomimicry, second, to find out basic elements making up a parametric facade pattern design, to be compared with Interactive-Genetic Algorithm process and parametric facade pattern design process for building as a design process platform, and to develop Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade symmetric pattern design process using Interactive-Genetic Algorithm, third, to step on the developed design process, while showing each step’s element with generated results by the design methods, fourth, to compare and analyze the developed design process with previous researches in several aspects. It means to have built a systematic form as a parametric facade pattern design process for generating Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade pattern designs. This paper will be expected to help designers and architects get inspired by parametric facade pattern designs generated through the developed design process and come up with creative and various idea in their design process.

This paper presents a digital design of neuron architecture on field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The objective of this project is to translate data from electrochemical sensor signals and process the data with neuron structure on digital hardware. The hardware realization of neural network requires investigation of many design issues relating to signal interfacing and design of a single neuron. Analysis focuses on effect of digital design decisions such as module architecture towards data accuracy and delay. The work touches on analogue to digital interfacing, data structure and digital module design that includes adder, multiplier and multiplier accumulator (MAC). A major component of the algorithm is the design of the activation function. The chosen activation function is the hyperbolic tangent which is approximated by Taylor Series expansion. The neuron is evaluated on an Altera DE2–70 FPGA. The performances are evaluated in terms of functionality, usage of resources and timing analysis. For the data structure, it was demonstrated that increasing the fractional bits will increases the precision. The neuron functionality was demonstrated on digital platform. It was found that less delay were produce by using Carry Look Ahead design compared to Ripple Carry Adder by 25% in the MAC performance.

As one of the emerging Computer-Aided Design (CAD) technologies for digital design and visualisation in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) domain, parametric design potentially offers an innovative way of generating new design solutions. Despite this potential, design strategies associated with algorithmic scripting are not well understood. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of individual design strategies supporting creative solutions in parametric design, using the combined application of protocol analysis and Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT). The article examines the generative and evolutionary aspects of parametric design that play an important role in the generation of creative designs. An in-depth analysis conceptualises designers' parametric design strategies into problem-forwarding strategy and solution-reflecting strategy. The solution-reflecting strategy focusing on the solution space of designing has potential to produce creative solutions by parametric design. A more in-depth understanding of parametric design strategies supports its effective adaptation to better serve the needs of digital design and visualisation in the AEC industry.

The design and realization of complex buildings requires multidisciplinary design collaboration from early on in the design process. The intensive use of digital design environments in this process demands new knowledge and skills from the involved players including integrating and managing digital design data, developing custom design tools, and utilizing visualization and rapid prototyping techniques. In order to prepare our students for these evolving practices we have developed a multidisciplinary collaborative design studio, named XXL, where student teams work in groups and each students claims a role: architectural design, structural design, digital design, construction and cladding design, and process management. In this paper, we describe the studio, discuss the contributions of the Digital Design Manager, and relate these contributions to design education and practice.

ABSTRACTA representation framework for modelling the social-spatial processes of inhabitation is proposed to extend the scope of parametric architectural design process. We introduce an agent-based modelling framework with a computational model of social-spatial dynamics at its core. Architectural parametric design is performed as a process of modelling the temporal characteristics of spatial changes required for members of a social group to reach social spatial comfort. We have developed a prototype agent-based modelling system using the Rhino-Grasshopper platform. The system employs a human behaviour model adapted from the PECS (Physical, Emotional, Cognitive, Social) reference model first proposed by Schmidt and Urban. The agent-based model and its application was evaluated by comparative modelling of two real Vietnamese dwellings: a traditional vernacular house in Hue and a contemporary house in Ho Chi Minh City. The evaluation shows that the system returns differentiated temporal characteristics of spatial modifications of the two dwellings as expected.

In a problem-based, digital-intensive learning environment, the increased proliferation of computational tools used for architectural design has led to a fundamental transformation in architectural studios. Many studies have shown that this has significantly led to the change in cognition of design environments in academia. Design decisions are made through a recursive process that is cyclically refined by allowing constant feedback and testing. This paper represents an observational study with an aim to understand the impact of digital mediums on design processes and design outcomes focusing on associative modeling using VPL. It contextualizes the difference, the associative modeling system as a parametric subset brings to design thinking when used as a medium to explore architectural design. It analyzes specific attributes of associative modeling, otherwise native to computational thinking, that contribute to the legibility of the design process. The paper demonstrates how associative modeling allows the design process to be examined and edited at any stage during and even after algorithmic development, bringing in flexibility. It is argued that digital design tool affordances enable students to develop multilayered and more structured design logic that augments cognition bringing more legibility to the design thinking process.

Mine fire is one of the major mine disaster. If a fire occurs, it will be very harmful to the life of miner, mine equipment, mineral resources and surface environment and so on. Mine fire occurred (including threatening ground fire underground), often incurring casualties, loss of equipment, mine shutdown, resource damage, and even cause gas and coal dust, or sulfide ore dust explosion. Performance-based design of mine fire is based on the principles and methods of fire safety engineering. The development of performance-based design methods and promote the development of performance-based specifications. In this paper, the performance of the design in accordance with the mine fire resistance design theory, combined with the specific assumption of mine were studied. Accordance with the specific performance-based fire design steps, first determine the goal of performance-based fire protection design and safety criteria and to simulate the airflow, pollutant-specific factors, such as fire, and compared with actual data, and finally carry out a safety assessment. Thus completing the mine fire performance-based design.

This chapter focuses on the relation between tradition and innovation present in collaborative parametric design processes focused on building constructability. It aims to contribute to the discussion on how the incorporation of parametric modeling, as an innovative design tool, relates to the building constructability, combining it with knowledge of traditional design tools and experience in construction methods. The study presents the results of a design experiment with six collaborative teams of architects and civil engineers, describing and analyzing how the design actions were incorporated into the design process that leads to the constructability of the final design, using necessarily a parametric design tool. We observed that a higher and more varied number of design actions led to projects with more refinement that interfered with both the design process and final design during the design processes. The results address the collaborative actions of teams with a multidisciplinary team, including designers with skills in solving project problems; experience on the construction site; leadership; proficiency with analog and digital design media, which shall guide the parametric design process more efficiently and optimizes its quality.

This paper sets out to define aspects of the architectural design process, using historical precedent and architectural theory, and tests the relationship of those aspects to the application of computers in architectural design, particularly in an educational context. The design process sub-sets are defined as: Forming, Planning, Imaging and Connecting. Historical precedents are uncovered in Classical, Modern, Postmodern and Contemporary architecture. The defined categories of the design process are related to current usages of computers in architectural education towards elucidating the strengths and weaknesses of digital media in those areas. Indications of their concurrent usage in digital design will be demonstrated in analysis of design studio programs presented at recent ACADIA conferences. An example of a current design studio programme set at the School of Architecture University of Natal, South Africa in which the above described categories give an underlying structure to the introduction of 3D digital modelling to undergraduates through design process. The definition of this set of design activities may offer a useful method for other educators in assessing existing and future design programs where digital tools are used.

With the continuous escalation of architectural design requirements, the continuous complexity of architectural models, and the integration of computer technology, virtual reality technology in architectural design has also emerged. The application of virtual reality technology in architectural design deepens the communication between professional architects and non-professionals, makes the architectural effect more intuitive, and effectively solves the communication barriers between architects and non-professionals. This article discusses the basic theory of virtual reality technology, and studies how to apply virtual reality technology in the landscape design of modern cities. On the premise of analyzing traditional landscape design methods, analyze the disadvantages of traditional landscape design methods; by studying the advantages of virtual reality technology, we choose to construct some scenes of urban architectural landscape design for virtual reality models. The article combines virtual reality technology with architectural design to effectively solve some of the shortcomings of traditional urban landscape design.