Persistent architecture for optimizing web service for e-government implementation

The software analysis and design could be executed by Object Oriented architecture, but it might be unsuitable for Web Services due to their interoperability and transmission. Oppositely, the Service-Oriented and Resource-Oriented Architectures should allow of them. The software builds up a bridge between two Internet services or resources. This study has proposed what software analysis and design of Web Services can adopt the Structure-Behavior Coalescence Diagram and UML-like state and class diagrams as domain description language with Model-Driven Architecture development cycle. The case study of Plurk social website is successfully tested and verified.

Web services facilitate agile development and deployment of new services in e-Government systems. Due to their distributed nature, Web services as well as e-Government systems must be secured against various cyber attacks and ensured that only authorized users can have access to valuable and sometimes sensitive information and resources. However, correct and efficient security engineering for Web service-based e-Government systems is not a trivial task. Model-driven security (MDS) is considered to be a promising approach to reduce complexity and increase efficiency in the design and development of secure Web services for e-Government systems. Nevertheless, the practicability of MDS has yet not been fully assessed. In a recent pilot project, we have applied MDS to the design and development of Web services for the actual e-Government system in Austria. Our work shows that despite extensive research work, several aspects of MDS need to be adapted and further developed such that one can really benefit from such an approach in practice. Our work on addressing these aspects provides realistic assessment and valuable insights on the application of MDS to Web services in the real world.

The contribution is a logical continuation of a whole series of authors' works in the field of using abstract vector spaces for digital signal processing. In doing so, the authors specialize in the processing of specific signals related processes in geotechnology. In the first part of this paper are characterized appropriate mathematical starting points, using which was compiled web application. The application solves the mutual comparison of each input element-vector with reference elements and using inner product and mathematical view of these elements, to each element is assigned a corresponding position in three-dimensional Euclidean vector space. On the basis of this application was in our department designed and implemented web service Nto3Service. The term web service refers to the technologies that allow for making connections. A service is the endpoint of a connection. Also, a service has some type of underlying computer system that supports the connection offered [1]. A detailed description of the design of web service is a content of second part of the paper. It covers the purpose of the service, description of the various methods of service and their parameters, structure of the web service, the web service output structures, a description of the error states and a description of the WSDL (web services description language) file. Next part of the contribution specifies the implementation of the web service and how to create a service client. In the description of the presentation application of web service are listed its various functions, illustrative example and applications areas. The final part of the contribution summarizes the results obtained and how to use them to solve practical problems by different users in different development environments.

While both SOAP and REST have been used widely to implement Web services and software integration, over time REST has emerged as the predominant approach. REST provides developers with a lower barrier to entry for implementation and greater development flexibility than SOAP. Its architectural conventions and best practices can be integrated into Web services incrementally as opposed to the all-or-nothing adoption of SOAP. In order to achieve generality, SOAP standards are extensive, rigid, and complex. This complexity can lead to implementations that introduce significant overhead on the network bandwidth consumption, execution times, and throughput of SOAP services, especially in the emerging resource-restricted mobile realm. This chapter provides an overview of the logical and physical design of modern Web services and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the predominant styles. It provides evidence and reasoning behind the emergence of REST as the leader for the development of next-generation Web APIs and services. The chapter also delineates the key technologies that underlie REST and describes emerging and future research directions in support of REST-based APIs and service development.

You have probably heard about Web services—you may have even already read a lot about them. Today nearly every published computer book has something to say about Web services, and this book is no exception. So, what are Web services? Web services are, by rough definition, functions that serve someone else with information of any kind. This may sound vague, but we will try to explain and exemplify this definition in this chapter. Figure 6–1 shows an overview of Web services.KeywordsSimple Object Access ProtocolSecure Socket LayerSimple Object Access Protocol MessageUniversal Resource IdentifierMultipurpose Internet Mail ExtensionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

In this paper, we describe the design of web service with model-view-controller for implement the system of classify type of rice. This idea using LDA and SVM to estimate a rice surface area, and then we present this idea by create web service architecture and present prototype used in mobile. The process of making a model are choosing the literature of rice attribute compare with a hundred pieces of rice in different sizes and type, and then analyzed all of example by create web service that implement under spring MVC idea. In testing method of technique, we create prototype of web service and test function by user. The result shows that the model gives accurate result with very small errors and is also flexible to any change in all process.

Current software has more flexibility and generality in the design for the distributed application, unfortunately, which gives rise to some efficiency problems in the implementation. In order to improve the performance of Web services, this paper introduces partial evaluation into distributed environments. Partial evaluation specializes generic programs into specific realization. We propose the partial evaluation for object-oriented programs and implement the distributed partial evaluation based on the specialization of Java Byte Code. The experiment results show that partial evaluation is effective to optimize Web services. The integration of partial evaluation with Web services facilitates programs more generality and scalability.

Mobile devices have become a vital part of people's everyday life since they can be used anytime and anywhere. Furthermore, web services become the core technology for exchanging information or performing e-transactions (e-commerce and e-government). However, for a web service solution that target mobile devices, many issue need to be considered such as limitations of CPU processing, memory size, and Internet connectivity bandwidth. This paper shows the applicability and effectiveness of implementing a new compression method called tagged suboptimal code (TSC) for optimizing web services over mobile devices.

The role of data warehouse for business analytics cannot be undermined for any enterprise, irrespective of its size. But the growing dependence on web services has resulted in a situation where the enterprise data is managed by multiple, autonomous service providers. The goal of our work is to investigate and devise an approach to address the trade-off between scalability and adaptability in large scale integration with numerous ever-evolving web services. We present our prototype DaWeS (Data warehouse fed with Web Services) and explore how ETL using the mediation approach benefits this trade-off for enterprises with complex data warehousing requirements. The semantic web research community has proposed various standards like WSDL, WADL, hRESTS, SAWSDL for describing web service interface (API) the usage of which could have solved our requirement of automated integration. DaWeS looks to fill the current gap between the industry and research community by taking into account the key characteristics of the aforementioned description languages and using a declarative approach in order to reduce the manual effort. We also present to the semantic web research community the optimization heuristics (to reduce the API operation calls) and semantic challenges (auto-adaptability especially in the wake of an API change) devised while building DaWeS.

This research aims to design build web services as data integration on Pharmacy RSU Banyumas using simple object access protocol method. This research was conducted with the stages of planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing and evaluation. Web services is a new paradigm in implementing distributed systems over the web using XML technology base with standard HTTP and SOAP protocols. Given the open-standard support technologies used in web services, the web services implementation is promising a lot of conveniences and improvements in support of the integration of a wide range of system platforms and applications, either through internet or intranet infrastructure or extranet. The result of this research is harmonious web services using simple object access protocol that provides the pharmaceutical information system solution without having to build new applications with web services as data integration

New value-added business, generated by Web service composition in BPEL, provides more powerful and flexible features. SOAP-based web services invoked in BPEL are heavy with redundant information and lower performance. RESTful Web service is brought forward to new value-added business as an alternative solution. However, it's a big challenge to compose RESTful Web services with SOAP-based Web Services in SOA BPEL business processes. BPEL is not designed to use RESTful Web services because these types of services do not use WSDL to describe themselves. This paper proposes a novel approach for integrating RESTful Web services and SOAP-based Web services in business processes described in BPEL. The approach is applied to a practical multimedia conference BPEL process, and the experimental data show the stability of the new RESTful BPEL process with a higher performance.

WWW (World Wide Web) has become the richest resource pool of services and information. But most of services (e.g. real time stock quote information and Web mail service) are independent and distributed. If we need a new Web service that sends us an email when some stock quote reaches a specific price, a Web service integration tool is needed to compose the Web stock quote information with the Web mail service. This paper proposes a convenient and powerful integration tool to seamlessly integrate the existing Web services into new services. Our tool, called Web service integration tool (WSIT), provides the functionalities to record and modulize existing Web services, to design, modify and compose recorded Web services, and to play and test the new composed Web services.

Research into initiatives worldwide shows that although some of the legal and organizational barriers for the adoption of new technologies in e-government have been lifted, there are still not many implementations of actual e-government services that have been designed based on a common and systematic approach. The most prevailing requirements for e-government services, interoperability and security, pose major challenges to e-government architects and it is now being slowly understood that Web Services in combination with Public Key Infrastructures may provide the necessary solutions. In this context, this paper presents three innovative e-government services based on these technologies, fo-cusing on their security and interoperability aspects. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate the services’ specifications and use cases so that they may act as ex-amples for further research and development.

For the past two decades, e-government has become a part of government’s development programmes throughout the world. With the availability of e-government, public services can be accessed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Governments have put a lot of resources into implementing e-government platforms. Technology adoption scholars have paid serious attention towards understanding the factors that influence citizens’ usage of online services. However, despite the enormous research efforts that have been put forth and the use of egovernment services that has been examined widely, e-government services offered by the government agencies often remain underutilised. Malaysia has successful cases of implementing e-government services. However, a recent study about e-government adoption in Malaysia indicated that it was growing slowly with a low rate of adoption. Moreover, several studies also found that citizens were more likely to use e-information services than e-payment services, even with both services were offered online in the same webpage. As such, it is reasonable for this study to understand the reasons e-information usage was higher compared to e-payment services in e-government services.Evidence demonstrates that the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) conceptual model has been successfully employed to explain technology adoption by citizens. Furthermore, the predictors in these models have been validated by prior studies in various settings. By considering a variety of types and levels of e-government services, the present study is significant in that it examines the citizens’ attitudes towards different e-government system use. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim to identify the predictor factors in the usage of different e-government services and functions by: i) examining the main factors that influence usage of different e-government services (i.e., income tax, property tax, and traffic fines); and ii) identifying the factors leading to the usage between e-informational and e-payment services.This study involved two stages. First, interviews with participants that had used government online services were undertaken as a scoping study to get opinion about citizens’ attitudes about using e-government services. After using a template analysis, five factors were identified to be relevant in the Malaysian context: Relative Advantage; Effort Expectancy; Social Influence; Perceived Trust; and Perceived Risk. Following from the scoping study, the UTAUT model was modified for this study. The second stage involved a web-based survey to collect data from 294 Malaysian citizens in Selangor who had used at least one e-government service in the past two years. As the main objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with technology use, multiple linear regressions were utilised. Statistical software package STATA version 14 was used to analyse the relationship between the predictors and the outcome variables. As the main objective of this study was to identify the drivers of technology adoption, regression analyses were utilised. As the study involved six different e-government services, the research findings provided varied results according to the type of services. This study confirmed that Effort Expectancy was found to be the most common factor associated with e-government usage for all services under study. This implied that the ease of use and easy to learn of e-services was found to be relevant reasons for citizens to use the service. The findings also show that Perceived Risk was consistently associated with e-services usage, and indicating that this factor was also common in explaining the citizens’ usage on e-government services. Finally, as the newest service, the traffic fines system use was associated with Social Influence and Relative Advantage factors, indicating that peers’ opinions and citizens perceived on the benefits of the online service are important to attract citizens to use the online service.In addition, research findings identified differences in drivers between e-information and e-payment services. For e-information, Effort Expectancy and Perceived Risk were identified as dominant factors associated with the citizen’s usage for both type of e-services. While, Relative Advantage and Social Influence were also identified to be associated with traffic fines services. For e-payment services, interestingly, the effect of the factors that influenced the citizens’ usage of e-government services were slightly different with e-information service. Besides the Effort Expectancy and Social Influence factors, Relative Advantage also was found to be associated but in selected e-services.The current study has significant empirical and practical contributions. Empirically, it contributes to the body of knowledge as this study provides a model that explains the different determinants of different e-services usage by citizens. Further, by integrating the UTAUT model with new constructs retrieved from a scoping study, a variation of citizens’ usage in different settings of systems were identified. As practical implications, the research identified the main determinants leading to users to adopt e-government services. Furthermore, due to limited resources, it is crucial for governments in developing countries to understand the important determinants that lead to the usage of e-government services.

A web service is an interface of the software component that can be accessed by standard Internet protocols. The web service technology enables an application to application communication and interoperability. The increasing number of web service providers throughout the globe have produced numerous web services providing the same or similar functionality. This necessitates the use of tools and techniques to search the suitable services available over the Web. UDDI (universal description, discovery and integration) is the first initiative to find the suitable web services based on the requester's functional demands. However, the requester's requirements may also include non-functional aspects like quality of service (QoS). In this paper, the authors define a QoS model for QoS aware and business driven web service publishing and selection. The authors propose a QoS requirement format for the requesters, to specify their complex demands on QoS for the web service selection. The authors define a tree structure called quality constraint tree (QCT) to represent the requester's variety of requirements on QoS properties having varied preferences. The paper proposes a QoS broker based architecture for web service selection, which facilitates the requesters to specify their QoS requirements to select qualitatively optimal web service. A web service selection algorithm is presented, which ranks the functionally similar web services based on the degree of satisfaction of the requester's QoS requirements and preferences. The paper defines web service provider qualities to distinguish qualitatively competitive web services. The paper also presents the modelling and selection mechanism for the requester's alternative constraints defined on the QoS. The authors implement the QoS broker based system to prove the correctness of the proposed web service selection mechanism.