Phonograph, Shorthand, Typewriter: High Performance Technologies in Bram Stoker's Dracula

Reading Bram Stoker's Dracula is a bit like watching a perverse puppet show – perverse not because the performance happens to include explicit sadomasochistic acts (whose perversity, in any case, i...

The core of this article is a comparative analysis of the double movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century (the belle époque and collapse of British hegemony) with the double movement of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century (the belle époque and current crisis of U.S. hegemony). In both periods the movement toward allegedly self-regulating markets called forth a countermovement of protection. Nevertheless, important differences exist due, first, to differences in the nature of the hegemonic state and, second, to the greater role of subordinate forces in constraining the movement toward self-regulating markets in the late twentieth century.

Darwin's theory of evolution has been the cause of great distress and the subject of intense and constant debates among Jews, Christians and Muslims. The article analyzes why and how Sunni Muslim-Arab modernist-apologetic scholars, whose approach emphasizes the compatibility of Islam with empirical sciences, shifted from reluctantly reconciling the theory of evolution with the Qur'an in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to rejecting Darwin as a fabricator and describing his theory as a Christian aberration in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Through a comparative survey that focuses on the works of Ḥusayn al-Jisr (d. 1909), Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā (d. 1935), Muḥammad al-Ghazālī (d. 1996), Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī (b. 1926) and Muḥammad ʿImāra (b. 1931), the article suggests that this shift corresponded with changes in the American anti-evolutionist discourse, and that, while contemporary modernist-apologetic literature casts Darwin as illegitimate, it does not close the door to a future acceptance of the theory of evolution.

7 - Regenerated protein fibres: a preliminary review

An architecture of high performance computer,called Hyper Parallel Processing(HPP),is proposed to satisfy the requirements of both High Performance Computing,and Utility Computing which will be the application model of data centers.HPP combines the benefits of the scalability of MPP,the communication efficiency of DSM,as well as the commodity of cluster.Comparisons of current main-stream high performance computer architectures show that none of them can satisfy both HPC and utility computing.The main features of HPP are Global Address Space(GAS) and Hyper Node with single Operating System image.HPP supports the distributed global address space including both memory and I/O,but without hardware cache coherence.A Hyper Node consists of a set of application specific CPUs and a(or more) OS specific CPU.The OS CPU maintains the single system image,while the application CPUs run only lightweight run-time software.Besides the GAS interconnect network for applications,a standard SAN connects all OS CPUs and I/O devices providing system management and storage service.HPP is able to provide many opportunities of innovative research in High Performance and Utility Computing areas,including communication,synchronization,programming model,node operating system,utility computing,fault isolation,CPU and system etc.According to HPP architecture,a prototype system of Dawning5000 HPC is implemented and the feasibility of HPP is proved.

Thinking with the Nation"National" Literatures at the Cusp Sukanya Banerjee (bio) Critical discussions of the nineteenth-century nation tend to be anachronistic inasmuch as we retrofit contemporary notions of the nation into nineteenth-century politico-cultural formations. One can be forgiven for this anachronistic move because nineteenth-century literary and cultural history bears ample evidence of the singularity with which the spirit of nationalism imbued itself in and through aesthetic and cultural practices, be it in Romantic imaginings or the literary artifact of the Victorian novel. However, it is worth noting that the object of nationalism—the nation—remained considerably opaque throughout the century. Incidentally, while the French Revolution is widely understood to mark the point at which state power begins to affix itself to national sentiment, the sovereign nation-state was hardly a ubiquitous phenomenon until about the mid-twentieth century.1 But it is also the case that the nation itself was quite amorphous over the course of the nineteenth century. Even as Walter Bagehot authored a definitive treatise on what is a key instrument of nationhood, the constitution (in this case, the English constitution), he also mused: "But what are nations?"2 The opacity of the nation arose not so much from its mutability (changing borders) but from the uncertainty regarding its organizing logic. What was the coherent element around which a community imagined itself? Was it language? Was it race? How much could one put store in territoriality, which, after all, could shift? As twenty-first century readers and scholars, we are all too familiar with the artifice of the nation, the fact of its constructedness. But so were thinkers in the nineteenth [End Page 84] century. What does it mean, then, to read this contingency back into the nineteenth century, when nations were are at various stages of making, nonmaking, and unmaking? How does such a chronologically apposite view impinge upon our otherwise unitary understanding of "national literature" or "national tradition" that a post–Second World War critical and political legacy has bequeathed us? How might revisiting the nation in the late nineteenth century, at the cusp, in fact, between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, reorient our thinking about the nation and the critical frameworks that it might generate? In addressing these questions, I want to consider analytical frameworks that might be apropos to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries given that this was a period that came in the wake of the Italian Risorgimento and German unification but also witnessed an upsurge in anticolonial agitation as well as colonial nationalisms that understood sovereignty and affiliation as nested, layered, and dispersed.3 The idea of the nation was very much in the air in Britain, too, where national sovereignty had been continually negotiated through franchise reform (the latest installment in 1882) and national identity found expression in patriotic jingoism attending the Boer wars. But the British nation was also inextricable from its empire, and if, as Hedinger and Hee point out, the tendency of "transnational history" is to "nationalize empires," such that "imperial history is read as the history of a nation-state beyond its borders,"4 then it is worth noting the inadequacy of the transnational as an analytical template in this context, not least because of the impossibility of reading the British nation as a discrete formation. In trying to read the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century nation and the literatures and traditions that gathered under its rubric, it might be productive, instead, to consider theories of nation extant in the nineteenth century, which is to say, to read through the nineteenth century and with the Victorians—widely understood—rather than retrospectively superimpose our late twentieth- and twenty-first-century critical frameworks upon them. At one level, then, I am making a temporal argument about our reading of the nation, suggesting that while we tend to read back into the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century nation and its literatures and cultures, we should focus instead on the nineteenth century and use that as a basis for reading [End Page 85] forward. Evidently, the famed temporal paradoxes of the nation inflect our reading habits, as well. But why focus on the...

For decades, HPC has established itself as an essential tool for discoveries, innovations and new insights in science, research and development, engineering and business across a wide range of application areas in academia and industry. Today High-Performance Computing is also well recognized to be of strategic and economic value – HPC matters and is transforming industries. This article will discuss new emerging technologies that are being developed for all areas of HPC: compute/processing, memory and storage, interconnect fabric, I/O and software to address the ongoing challenges in HPC such as balanced architecture, energy efficient high-performance, density, reliability, sustainability, and last but not least ease-of-use. Of specific interest are the challenges and opportunities for the next frontier in HPC envisioned around the 2020 timeframe: ExaFlops computing. We will also outline the new and emerging area of High Performance Data Analytics, Big Data Analytics using HPC, and discuss the emerging new delivery mechanism for HPC - HPC in the Cloud.

Japan entered an age of rapid modernization following the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry’s U.S. navy ships on its shores in the 1850s. It soon became the first Asian nation with a military and industry on par with Western imperialist countries in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As the Japanese grappled with the massive effects of this rapid Western-inspired modernization, they searched for their cultural identity, increasingly turning to China for inspiration. The distinctively modern identity they built through the arts has only recently begun to be examined by researchers and through exhibitions. This book’s essays, by scholars from the United States, Japan, and Europe, look beyond Japan’s Western industrialization to examine China’s role in forming the nation’s modern identity. It follows a retrospective of the Japanese nun, calligrapher, potter, and political activist Ōtagaki Rengetsu (1791–1875) and the modern Japanese painter Tomioka Tessai (1836–1924) on view in late 2022 at the Freer Gallery of Art of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art in Washington, D.C.

During the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries there was a push towards greater inter-organizational working in many countries as a way of addressing complex public policy challenges. Practitioners often pursue structural or cultural solutions, with a collaborative culture seen as a prerequisite for successful inter-organizational working. However, the disruptive challenges with structural change are well-known, and cultural change can be difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. In this chapter the role of common purpose is advocated as a more effective solution, with performance management then suggested as a way to support its development. Using a comparative qualitative case study design a typology is developed which depicts the interplay between structure, culture and common purpose, offering a nuanced analysis of how to support different types of inter-organizational working. Performance management is then reconceptualized as a mechanism to align individuals with the common purpose of an inter-organizational arrangement, thereby enhancing its chances of success.

R is a robust open-source programming language mainly used for statistical computing . Many areas of statistical research are experiencing rapid growth in the size of data sets. Methodological advances drive increased use of simulations. A common approach is to use parallel/concurrent computing. This paper presents an overview of techniques for parallel computing with R on ACI (a PSU Infrastructure) and benchmark it with C/C++. We review the scalabilty concern of R, and look at the simplicity of using R as a primary language in Coding for HPC. We will look at the various R packages for HPC like Rmpi, Rcpp, snow and snowfall. We utilize a series of algorithms to benchmark and will illustrate each benchmark with a representative graph for ease of understanding. The paper concludes with a better understanding of which language to use when in high performance computing .

The transition towards net-zero emissions is inevitable for humanity’s future. Of all the sectors, electrical energy systems emit the most emissions. This urgently requires the witnessed accelerating technological landscape to transition towards an emission-free smart grid. It involves massive integration of intermittent wind and solar-powered resources into future power grids. Additionally, new paradigms such as large-scale integration of distributed resources into the grid, proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and electrification of different sectors are envisioned as essential enablers for a net-zero future. However, these changes will lead to unprecedented size, complexity and data of the planning and operation problems of future grids. It is thus important to discuss and consider High Performance Computing (HPC), parallel computing, and cloud computing prospects in any future electrical energy studies. This article recounts the dawn of parallel computation in power system studies, providing a thorough history and paradigm background for the reader, leading to the most impactful recent contributions. The reviews are split into Central Processing Unit (CPU) based, Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) based, and Cloud-based studies and smart grid applications. The state-of-the-art is also discussed, highlighting the issue of standardization and the future of the field. The reviewed papers are predominantly focused on classical imperishable electrical system problems. This indicates the need for further research on parallel and HPC approaches applied to future smarter grid challenges, particularly to the integration of renewable energy into the smart grid.

A large percentage of colleges and universities in the world do not have a HPC culture existing on campus, where access to supercomputing resources (hardware) or supercomputing personnel (faculty and technical staff) and the need to work on grand challenge applications (GCA) is considerably absent. Incorporating courses related to HPC in such institutions presents multiple challenges - non-availability of HPC resources, academic staff trained in HPC related areas, inertia faced in changing the curriculum, absence of a tangible local industry, paucity of funds, lack of enthusiasm among academicians and perceived ignorance. This paper presents a classification of institutions based on three HPC related criteria and highlights the challenges faced in introducing HPC related courses into institutions that do not have a HPC culture. Experiences related to introducing HPC related topics in two institutions, PACE in India and KKU in Saudi Arabia, falling in two different regions in the classification, have been highlighted.

This Research to Practice Full Paper presents the experience of implementing micro HPC (μHPC) clusters in the education context. In developing countries, access to and experience of High Performance Computing (HPC) facilities (which are important for the economic development of those countries) has presented challenges to academic institutions due to prohibitive costs of acquisition and maintenance of HPC systems. These challenges affect the delivery of courses, which include HPC and parallel computation in their syllabi. However, due to advancements in integrated circuit technologies, credit-card-sized personal computers (PCs) have emerged with the capabilities of a fully-fledged PC. These credit-card-sized PCs offer an opportunity for system integrators to build micro HPC (μHPC) clusters which, apart from their efficiency, scalability and availability, have a number of attributes which are not shared with conventional data-center based HPC clusters These include their low power consumption, portability, diskless nodes, cost-effectiveness and excellent price to performance ratios. μHPC clusters are, therefore, ideally suited to support curricula in all educational disciplines that demand parallel computation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of μHPC to find out from students how ease of use of a μHPC system is to acquire skills and knowledge of HPC. We used focus groups and surveys to gather data in the framework of the design science research paradigm. The implementation of μHPC clusters involved a demonstration of the system in the problem context that provided valuable lessons. The results indicate that μHPC is the ease of use HPC artifact for learning about management, integration, deployment, installation, downloading, and running of parallel programs.

High Performance Computing (HPC) is the ability to process data and perform complex calculations at extremely high speeds. Current HPC platforms can achieve calculations on the order of quadrillions of calculations per second with quintillions on the horizon. The past three decades witnessed a vast increase in the use of HPC across different scientific, engineering and business communities, for example, sequencing the genome, predicting climate changes, designing modern aerodynamics, or establishing customer preferences. Although HPC has been well incorporated into science curricula such as bioinformatics, the same cannot be said for most computing programs. This working group will explore how HPC can make inroads into computer science education, from the undergraduate to postgraduate levels. The group will address research questions designed to investigate topics such as identifying and handling barriers that inhibit the adoption of HPC in educational environments, how to incorporate HPC into various curricula, and how HPC can be leveraged to enhance applied critical thinking and problem solving skills. Four deliverables include: (1) a catalog of core HPC educational concepts, (2) HPC curricula for contemporary computing needs, such as in artificial intelligence, cyberanalytics, data science and engineering, or internet of things, (3) possible infrastructures for implementing HPC coursework, and (4) HPC-related feedback to the CC2020 project.

The book of Revelation is believed to be infused with anti-Roman sentiment, and the politics of Revelation has been discussed in a variety of ways by specialists for nearly 2,000 years. During the late twentieth century, “empire” emerged as a crucial term in the interpretation of John’s Apocalypse. This chapter explores the relationship between apocalypse and empire, with reference to imperial Rome. After discussing several important trends in Revelation studies in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, it considers the ways in which empire functioned within recent interpretations. It examines whether Revelation was a response to Roman imperialism and persecution as well as the experience of harassment, torture, and execution, and whether Revelation was subversive.