Photoelectric Detection System and Machine Learning Recognition Method of Its Detection Images

The photoelectric detection system stands as a crucial instrument for target identification and task execution within diverse environments. The system is frequently confronted with rapid task alterations in the context of communication remote sensing observations. Conventional detection systems encounter challenges in swiftly adapting, underscoring the pressing necessity for an intelligent photoelectric detection system capable of multifaceted tasks and rapid alignment with communication remote sensing settings. This study undertakes a technical exploration of the intelligent photoelectric detection system, delineating the coexistence of semi-intelligent and fully intelligent modes. While the semi-intelligent mode is selected for specific task scenarios, the fully intelligent mode seamlessly takes precedence in the absence of specific tasks. Upon task assignment, the detection mode is designated, automatically calibrating system parameters (operating bands, aperture, integration time, gain, and focal length) in alignment with task requisites. The architecture comprises a detection module capable of seamlessly transitioning between imaging and spectral dimensions, complemented by an autonomous data processing module crafted through DSP+FPGA+ARM technologies. Grounded in this technological foundation, the study designs and employs an intelligent photoelectric detection system to procure communication remote sensing image data, focusing on underwater acoustic signal analysis. The system’s configuration facilitates the creation of a communication remote sensing photoelectric detection mechanism specifically tailored for underwater acoustic signals. Rigorous experimentation involving laser communication in air and sound waves in water culminates in the successful acquisition of communication remote sensing image data. Experimental findings affirm the system’s efficiency in effectively detecting underwater acoustic signals.

To solve the unstable problem of target tracking detection system, this paper proposes an improved mean-shift algorithm for object tracking, establishes object tracking processing model;provides the processing algorithm of object tracking. According to the principal of object tracking, papersets up sky background brightness calculation model in photoelectric tracking optical detection area and detection capability calculation model of space object, analyzes the effect of background illumination on the signal to noise ratio(SNR) of photoelectric tracking system, gives the change curve of detection capability based on the exposure time of CCD camera, SNR threshold of photoelectric detection system and dark current of photoelectric detection system. Through calculation and test , paperprovidesthe comparison results of the improved mean-shift and traditional mean-shift, verifies the correctness of the proposed algorithm and calculation models for photoelectric detection capability in target tracking detection system, the results show the improved mean-shiftobject tracking algorithm and detection capability calculation model are correct.

Self-powered silicon PIN photoelectric detection system based on triboelectric nanogenerator

The traditional photoelectric detection systems are mostly designed based on a single task and cannot meet the needs of target detection and identification for different tasks. A concept of adaptive photoelectric detection system based on the system parameter library has been proposed. The method of analyzing the measurement data in orbit and correcting the system parameters adaptively for different task requirements is described. This paper focuses on the establishment of the system parameter library and the method of selecting the working band adaptively and identifying the scenes. For point target detection, the synthesize signal-to-noise ratio are used as the basis for parameter adjustment. The adaptive photoelectric detection system generates the feedback of parameter adjustment and adjusts parameters including integration time, frame rate, pixel size and quantization bits to achieve the best detecting mode.

BackgroundHigh throughput gene expression data from spotted cDNA microarrays are collected by scanning the signal intensities of the corresponding spots by dedicated fluorescence scanners. The major scanner settings for increasing the spot intensities are the laser power and the voltage of the photomultiplier tube (PMT). It is required that the expression ratios are independent of these settings. We have investigated the relationships between PMT voltage, spot intensities, and expression ratios for different scanners, in order to define an optimal scanning procedure.ResultsAll scanners showed a limited intensity range from 200 to 50 000 (mean spot intensity), for which the expression ratios were independent of PMT voltage. This usable intensity range was considerably less than the maximum detection range of the PMTs. The use of spot and background intensities outside this range led to errors in the ratios. The errors at high intensities were caused by saturation of pixel intensities within the spots. An algorithm was developed to correct the intensities of these spots, and, hence, extend the upper limit of the usable intensity range.ConclusionsIt is suggested that the PMT voltage should be increased to avoid intensities of the weakest spots below the usable range, allowing the brightest spots to reach the level of saturation. Subsequently, a second set of images should be acquired with a lower PMT setting such that no pixels are in saturation. Reliable data for spots with saturation in the first set of images can easily be extracted from the second set of images by the use of our algorithm. This procedure would lead to an increase in the accuracy of the data and in the number of data points achieved in each experiment compared to traditional procedures.

A white light photoelectric aerosol detection system suitable for free atmospheric determination of particle concentration from ground level to about 28 km altitude is described. Particle size distributions obtained in situ over the radius range of approximately 0.16 to 1 μm on three soundings are presented. The tropospheric distributions show close to power-law dependence, dN/dlogr=r−3.3, whereas the stratospheric distributions have a steeper power law slope for r≳0.3 μm and a flatter slope for r≳0.3 μm, agreeing well with a recent impactor-derived distribution using a new analysis model. These findings question the validity of earlier globally representative distribution models.

The dynamic deflection measurement is an important component to the bridge loading test of high-speed railway bridge. Using inclinometers to test the Dynamic deflection is a good method for High-Speed Railway bridge deflection detection. In this paper, we develop a new inclinometer and a new theory to fast calculate deflection. It has been use to detect the dynamic deflection of Baishui River bridge on FuZhou-WenZhou High-Speed Railway when high speed train runs across at kinds of speed. Results indicate: comparing with the measurement results of photoelectric deflection detection system, all dynamic deflection measurement results of inclinometers are very accuracy. Their deflection curves are also similar. All results also show: Using our inclinometers to test High-Speed Railway bridge dynamic deflection can get precise results and can satisfy the dynamic deflection measurement request of high-speed railway bridge. Comparing with other methods of dynamic deflection measurement, this method is very easy to operate., do not need stop the traffic, and not affected by weather, and not need a static reference point, can measure the dynamic deflection of any beam bridge.

Photoelectric detector surface damage state polarization imaging type detection system

A kind of photoelectric detection method based on black-white bar code and modern photoelectric detection technology is put forward for measuring the displacement deviation of printing press cylinder surface in high-speed motion state. A high-precision noncontact photoelectric detection system is designed and implemented. The accurate testing bar code cooperates with the high-speed A/D mixed signal processing system, the position deviation of every point on the circumference of the printing press system in high-speed measurement state can be obtained, low measurement error which is in the range of ±10μm. The given experiment results indicate that: the system has stable working condition, high measurement speed, and the system provide a new kind of monitoring technology to effectively deal with the overprint deviation.

The changed environment factors will affect the capture rate of target and the detection performance in photoelectric detection screen testing system, to improve the detection performance of system, it is very necessary to establish the target optical characteristic model and correlation detection probability calculation model. Based on the detection principle of unit photoelectric detection screen and the spatial geometric relation of four photoelectric detection screens testing system, this article establishes a new target radiation characteristics calculation model by using target's radiation luminance and radiation energy, gives the output signal expression function, derived the detection probability function by signal to noise ratio (SNR) and false alarm probability. Through calculation analysis, the results show that the detection probability of four photoelectric detection screens testing system is related to the target optical characteristic, the output photoelectric current and SNR of photoelectric detection receiving sensor can describe target detection performance. According to the experiments testing, the proposed calculation model can effectively evaluate the performance of photoelectric detection screen testing system.

The threshold of cyclin E expression at G1/S boundary is a characteristic feature of cell cycle progressing. In this study, we tried to develop a quantitative approach to analyze cyclin E threshold by multiparameter flow cytometry. The expression of cyclin E in exponentially growing MOLT-4 cells was detected under different photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages by cyclin E/DNA multiparameter flow cytometry. Additionally, cyclin E was detected in cells which were treated with caffeine and cycloheximide (CHX) under the same PMT voltage. Moreover, the expression of cyclin E in MOLT-4 cells was compared with that in JURKAT cells. Cyclin E threshold was quantified by formula B2/AxC (A, B, C indicates the minimum, threshold, and maximum of cyclin E fluorescence intensity, respectively). Results showed that in MOLT-4 cells, cyclin E threshold calculated by formula B2/AxC was invariable under different PMT settings. It was decreased in cells treated with caffeine and remained changeless in cells treated with cycloheximide. Cyclin E threshold in JURKAT cells was much lower than that in MOLT-4 cells. It was suggested that Formula B2/AxC we firstly set up could be used to analyze cyclin E expression threshold quantitatively.

In this paper, a frequency analysis of a voltage feedback amplifier based on second generation current conveyors with inductive input/output impedance, is presented. The traditional voltage amplifier configured from voltage and current feedback operational amplifiers are studies and compared. PSPICE simulation confirms the theoretical approach.

Designed and manufactured set of measuring test fixtures for printed circuit board (PCB) materials research and characterization is described in this article. Attention is paid to special designed test vehicle “General board” which includes six types of transmission lines that are used for PCB materials characterization by two measurement methods. Measurements of the frequency dependencies of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss for a number of the most widely used PCB substrates are presented. The comparison of the measurement results made by two measurement methods is also shown. The influence of the inhomogeneities of the PCB dielectric and some differences in the extracted material parameters data correlated with electro-magnetic fields structure in different transmission lines is demonstrated. In addition it is shown that measurements performed using “General board” can be used for characterization of the losses due to PCB surface plating.

Photosensor waveform signals from gamma-ray detectors are digitized when estimation tasks that require pulse-shape information are going to be performed (such as pile-up detection, pulse-shape discrimination, and maximum-likelihood energy and timing estimation). Conventional analog-to-digital converters (ADC) require sampling frequencies on the order of hundreds of MS/s for scintillation decay times on the order of tens of ns. Taking into account typical ADC resolutions of 12 to 16 bits, the amount of data that needs to be stored, scaled by the large number of channels in SPECT and PET gamma-ray detectors, results in very complex read-out electronics. We present a novel multichannel read-out system that largely reduces electronics complexity, based on the combination of 1-bit and 2-bit sigma-delta modulation ADC, from which we are able to obtain energy, timing and pulse-shape information. We have proposed a novel technique based on 2-bit sigma-delta modulation in which the four possible output values (00, 01, 10 and 11) are not necessarily equally spaced. This means that the 2-bit DAC can be optimized for different pulse shapes, allowing us to extract as much information as possible from the minimum amount of data. We implement the read-out system on a modular gamma camera, which consists of a scintillator crystal and nine photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Energy and position of interaction are estimated from the 1-bit modulation of individual PMTs. Simultaneously, the nine signals are summed and the 2-bit modulation is performed on the result. The analog part of the modulators is implemented on a printed circuit board with external analog comparators, and resistors that determine the feedback current. The digital side is implemented on a system on a chip (SoC) that incorporates an FPGA and a microprocessor in the same integrated circuit.

This study investigates the effects of printed circuit board (PCB) material on interconnect durability of lead free assemblies. The assemblies involve soldering various packages (array and peripheral) on to FR4, high glass transition temperature (T g ) FR4 and Polyimide (PI) printed circuit boards using Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder alloy. The glass transition temperature of these materials ranges from 130°C to 230°C. Thermomechanical properties, such as elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficients, of the board materials vary considerably. These properties have a direct impact on the interconnect durability. In this paper, thermomechanical properties are experimentally determined and used for solder joint durability simulation. Two kinds of environmental loadings are simulated: temperature cycling and random vibration loading. The results show that PI board provides a better solder joint durability than FR4 and high T g FR4 under temperature cycling conditions. PI assembly has better durability than FR4 assembly under random vibration. The paper also presents the effect of temperature on the vibration response of the FR4 printed circuit board assemblies. The understanding of these changes can contribute to the study on interconnect durability under combined temperature cycling and vibration loading conditions.