Physical disorders, ADLs, cognition, and depression in nursing home residents: a parallel mediation analysis

Pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on waterpipe (WP) tobacco packages represent a better strategy for communicating the health risks associated with WP use and promoting quit intention than text-only. However, the mechanism by which these warnings lead to higher intentions to quit remains unknown. This study explores how pictorial warnings versus text-only induces higher quit intention among a sample of young adult WP smokers in Lebanon. An online randomized cross-over experimental study was conducted in August 2021 among 276 young adult WP smokers who were exposed to two conditions: pictorial HWLs and text-only warnings on WP tobacco packages in random order. After each image, participants completed post-exposure assessments of health communication outcomes (eg, attention and negative affect). Using serial and parallel mediation analysis, we examined the role of attention, negative affect, cognitive elaboration, and perceived harm in mediating the relationship between exposure to HWLs and intention to quit. Using serial mediation, exposure to pictorial warnings versus text-only was found to affect intention to quit through the following pathways: attention and negative affect, which accounted for 17.28% of the total effect, and through negative affect and cognitive elaboration, which accounted for 21.53% of the total effect. Results of parallel mediation showed that the indirect effect pathways via negative affect (β = 0.063; [95% bootstrap CI = 0.004 to 0.149]) and cognitive elaboration (0.047; [0.001 to 0.114]) were statistically significant. The findings call on designing and implementing attention-grabbing, emotionally evocative, and cognitively persuasive pictorial warnings in Lebanon and other countries to curb WP tobacco smoking. This is among the first experimental studies looking at multiple mediators underlying the effect of exposure to pictorial HWLs on intention to quit in a sample of current WP smokers in Lebanon. The findings showed that using attention-grabbing, emotionally evocative, and persuasive pictures with a clear textual warning is crucial to maximizing the impact of implementing WP-HWLs regulations in Lebanon and other countries to curb WP tobacco smoking.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and social media addiction by incorporating three protective factors—life satisfaction, self-esteem, and psychological resilience—which hold a significant place in the positive psychology literature, within a single model. The study tested the parallel mediating roles of these variables in the relationship between FoMO and social media addiction. Method: In line with the principle of accessibility, a convenience sampling method was employed, and data were collected online from 475 university students (78.9% female). The data collection instruments included the Social Media Addiction Scale, the Fear of Missing Out Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results: FoMO was positively associated with social media addiction and self-esteem (due to reverse scoring), and negatively associated with life satisfaction and psychological resilience. In the parallel mediation analysis, self-esteem (B = .12, 95% BCa CI [.001, .25]) and psychological resilience (B = .13, 95% BCa CI [.02, .26]) emerged as significant mediators in the FoMO–social media addiction relationship, whereas the mediating effect of life satisfaction was not significant (B = .02, 95% BCa CI [−.02, .08]). The model explained 31% of the variance in social media addiction. Conclusion: The results indicate that FoMO is a strong predictor of social media addiction and that self-esteem and psychological resilience play significant mediating roles in this relationship. Accordingly, interventions to reduce social media addiction may benefit from targeting processes related to FoMO, strengthening resilience, and supporting self-esteem. Particularly for university students, comprehensive and sustainable strategies designed to facilitate effective screen time management, provide alternative opportunities for socialization, and promote balanced social media use are expected to make a substantial contribution to the development of healthier and more functional digital interactions.

Indirect effects of intrusive parenting on externalizing behaviors in socioeconomically disadvantaged children: A parallel mediation analysis

This study explores the increasingly prevalent practice of “bracketing” in the online fashion market from the perspective of consumer ethics. Bracketing refers to purchasing multiple versions of the same item, such as different sizes or colors, with the intention of returning some or all of them. This research investigates how consumers’ ethical ideologies—specifically idealism and relativism—affect their intention to engage in bracketing, with perceived moral intensity (perceived magnitude of consequences and perceived social consensus) tested as parallel mediators. We conducted a survey of consumers in their twenties and analyzed the data using parallel mediation analysis (PROCESS Model 4). The results indicate that idealism significantly reduces bracketing intention by increasing perceptions of negative consequences, whereas perceived social consensus does not mediate this relationship. Relativism shows neither direct nor indirect effects on bracketing intention, although it positively predicts perceived social consensus. These findings suggest that idealism deters bracketing only when consumers recognize the behavior as ethically problematic because of its negative outcomes. In contrast, social norms exert limited influence, implying that consumers’ ethical decisions in this context are driven more by consequence-based judgments than by normative considerations.

Introduction There is a high prevalence of depression and burnout in allied health students, emphasising the need to understand predictors of these outcomes. Examining perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process could extend understanding of these poor mental health outcomes, particularly understanding how rigidity and inflexibility in pursuing high standards impact depression and burnout in allied health students. Objectives This study investigates how psychological inflexibility may clarify understandings of perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process. A multidimensional approach to psychological flexibility was used to examine its mediating role in the relationships of perfectionism and depression, and perfectionism and burnout. Methods A cross-sectional correlational study design was used with 187 allied health students aged between 19 and 53 years old completing an online survey. Data were analysed using correlational and parallel mediation analysis. Results Higher levels of perfectionism were associated with greater depression (r = .38, p < .01) and burnout (r = .32, p < .01). Parallel mediation found cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance to mediate the perfectionism–depression relationship, whereas cognitive fusion and committed action meditated the perfectionism-burnout relationship. Conclusions These findings suggest psychological flexibility contributes to understanding of perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process.Individuals high in perfectionism tend to be strongly guided by rules about themselves, avoid distress, lack present moment awareness, and are inactive with valued goals. While, shared psychological flexibility processes account for the perfectionism–burnout relationship, cognitive fusion had a greater explanatory role in the perfectionism–depression relationship.

Introduction: The study aims to examine the big five personality (Dimensions) as a mediator between Parental Psychological Control (PPC) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (DER). It was also researched that child characteristics moderate the effects of parenting outcomes. Method: Three hundred adolescents studying in different schools in Delhi were selected based on the random sampling technique. Three scales, namely Psychological Control Scale—Youth Self-Report (PCS-YSR), Big Five Inventory (BFI), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form (DERS-SF) were administered. A dichotomous independent variable (named X1) was used in the research where PPC was divided into two groups 'Both High' group VS 'Others'. Results: Obtained scores were analyzed by using Parallel mediation analysis through PROCESS macro version 3.2.01 for SPSS created by Hayes in 2018. Results of the mediational analysis revealed that X1(Both High vs. Others) significantly predicted neuroticism, and X1, neuroticism, and openness significantly predicted DER. Total effect (c=3.78, p<.05) and direct effect (c=2.73, p<.05) were found to be significant. Indirect effects were obtained by the Bootstrapping method. Findings revealed a specific indirect effect of neuroticism to be significant (coeff. =.1075; LLCI-ULCI= .0077 to.2102). Conclusion: Neuroticism significantly mediates the relationship between emotion regulation and PPC. It is necessary to incorporate both individual and environmental factors to understand emotional development processes. It is therefore suggested to develop interventions that not only helps adolescents to learn effective ways to regulate emotions but to also guide parents to cater to the child's emotional needs effectually.

The study investigated the consequences of age-related decline in inhibition processes on intentional switching between bimanual coordination patterns. Fifteen young (24±2.8 years) and 20 older adults (69±5.3 years) performed Stroop tasks and bimanual coordination tasks. Stroop tasks included neutral, congruent, and incongruent conditions. Response time and error rate were measured. Bimanual coordination tasks consisted of performing in-phase (IP) and anti-phase (AP) patterns. Participants were requested to switch as quickly as possible from one pattern to the other, resulting in two different switching directions (AP to IP; IP to AP). Mean and standard deviation (SD) of the continuous relative phase (CRP) were calculated pre- and post-switching for each participant. Total switching time (TST) was measured. The switching phase was also decomposed into reaction time (RT) and reversal time (REvT). Pearson correlation analyses were performed to test for correlations between: (i) SD of CRP and response time in Stroop tasks, and (ii) switching times (TST, RT, RevT) and response time in Stroop task, respectively. In addition, parallel mediation analyses were conducted. Results showed that: (i) the AP pattern was less stable than the IP pattern in both young and older adults, (ii) coordination patterns were less stable in older adults, (iii) response times in Stroop task were longer in the incongruent condition, and (iv) RespTs were longer in older than in young participants, whatever the condition. In the bimanual coordination task, RT, RevT, and TST increased with age. The stability of the IP pattern was correlated with the response times observed in neutral and congruent conditions, while the stability of the AP pattern was correlated with response time observed in the incongruent condition. Correlation and mediation analyses showed that, in the AP to IP switching direction, RT and RevT were both significantly correlated with response times observed in the incongruent condition of Stroop task. These findings suggest that inhibition processes are involved in switching between bimanual coordination patterns, at least to trigger the early phase of switching. They also support the hypothesis that inhibition processes are more involved in maintaining the AP pattern and switching to the IP pattern. Finally, age-related changes in switching times seem to be prominently mediated by alterations of inhibition processes.

A reanalysis of data from the 1977 National Nursing Home Survey, including data not available earlier, led to an estimate that 668,000 chronic mentally ill patients reside in nursing homes. Several subpopulations of nursing home residents were also identified and compared, which showed, for instance, that residents with only mental disorders were younger, were less likely to need the help of another person in daily activities, and were much less likely to be totally dependent than residents with only physical disorders. However, not surprisingly, mentally ill residents were more likely to have behavior problems and to have much longer stays. Residents diagnosed as senile, with or without a physical disorder, more closely resembled the purely physically ill than the purely mentally ill patients. The data illustrate the wide range of needs of mentally ill nursing home residents and reinforce the importance of assessing and improving the appropriateness of care offered.

Determining the multifaceted antecedents of mental health and psychological distress offers valuable insights into the intricate interplay of factors that influence individuals' wellbeing. Hence, this paper aimed to assess the causal relationship of resilience to subjective wellbeing and psychological distress as mediated by mindfulness and coping. Using a non-experimental mediation design, 365 college students recruited through stratified random sampling were administered with online self-report measures measuring resilience, subjective wellbeing, psychological distress, mindfulness, and coping. Parallel mediation analysis was used to analyze the data. Results revealed that mindfulness, adaptive, and maladaptive coping partially mediated the predictive association of resilience to wellbeing. Moreover, mindfulness and maladaptive coping partially mediated the predictive association of resilience to psychological distress. These findings provide a practical framework for outcome-based resilience intervention programs where interventionists would heavily emphasize enhancing resilience, mindfulness, and adaptive coping to achieve good mental health outcomes.

Loneliness is a growing concern among doctoral students, yet limited research has examined digital-age stressors as potential risk factors. Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) may heighten loneliness by fostering constant social comparison and online vigilance, which reduce authentic social engagement and amplify feelings of exclusion. While FoMO has been linked to emotional distress in younger student groups, its psychological and social mechanisms in doctoral education remain underexplored. This study examines whether Sense of Coherence (SoC) and Social Connectedness (SC), two protective factors against loneliness, mediate the FoMO–loneliness relationship. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 626 doctoral students (51.4% male, 48.6% female; mean age = 28.6 years, SD = 3.2) from public and private universities in Putian, China. Participants completed validated self-report measures of FoMO, SoC, SC, and loneliness. Data were analyzed using correlation and parallel mediation analysis via PROCESS Macro (Model 4), controlling for age and gender. The results indicated that FoMO was positively associated with loneliness and negatively associated with both SoC and SC. Both SoC and SC significantly predicted lower loneliness. Parallel mediation analysis confirmed significant indirect effects of FoMO on loneliness through both mediators, with the path through SC being slightly stronger. All scales demonstrated strong internal consistency, and model fit indices supported construct validity. The findings suggested that loneliness among doctoral students is shaped not only by external digital influences such as FoMO but also by internal psychological resources and social integration. To address loneliness in doctoral education, targeted interventions should aim to reduce FoMO-related stress, strengthen students’ SoC, and foster meaningful peer relationships within academic environments. Doctoral training programs should consider embedding structured peer support, resilience-building activities, and digital wellness education as part of broader efforts to support student well-being.

This study investigated the relationship between work stress and emotional disorders among community workers, with particular emphasis on the mediating roles of life stress and physiological stress. We conducted a paper-based questionnaire with 1,834 community workers in China. Our findings indicated that work stress was a significant predictor of emotional disorders, with life stress and physiological stress mediating this relationship. Specifically, life stress accounted for 15.32% of the total effect, while physiological stress explained 45.16% of the total effect, highlighting the importance of addressing both types of stressor in interventions designed to improve the mental health of community workers. These findings enhance understanding of the mechanisms linking work stress to emotional disorders. They also offer practical implications for designing holistic stressmanagement interventions for frontline public service workers.

scope. These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews. • Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research. • Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level. • Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study. • Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation. • Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation. • Letters to the Editor -a response to authors of an original publication, or a very small article that may be relevant to readers. • Editorials -articles written by the Editorial Board or by invited experts on a specific topic. Articles reporting research may be full length or brief reports. These should report original research findings within the journal's scope. Papers should generally be a maximum of 4000 words in length, excluding tables, references, and abstract and key points of the article, whilst it is recommended that the number of references should not exceed 36. Comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope. There are two types of review papers: -systematic review papers: respond to a specific research question, accrue from criterion-based selection of sources, include a quantitative synthesis and a statistical method (meta-analysis), and should adhere to PRISMA guidelines. Guidelines used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity should be noted in methods section. -narrative review papers: the research question may be broad, and the scope of this review is to discuss a specific topic. This type of review does not necessarily include a methodological approach and its synthesis is usually qualitative. Narrative reviews should include details regarding data sources used, keywords applied, time restrictions and study types selected. All review papers should be generally less than 6000 words, excluding abstract, tables, figures and references. References should not exceed 50, unless the topic has an extensive evidence base. Conclusion of the reviews should be specific and stem from the findings. Brief reports of data from original research. Short reports are shorter versions of original articles, may include one table or figure, should not exceed 1500 words, and it is recommended that the number of references should not exceed 15. Short reports are suitable for the presentation of research that extends previously published research, including the reporting of additional evidence and confirmatory results in other settings, as well as negative results. Authors must clearly acknowledge any work upon which they are building, both published and unpublished. Articles describing a research protocol of a study. This article type can be for proposed or for ongoing research and should contain the background, research hypothesis, rationale a detailed methodology of the study. The SPIRIT 2013 Checklist guidelines ideally should be applied. Study protocols submitted for publication must have received ethics approval. Protocols of randomized trials should follow the CONSORT guidelines and must have a trial registration number, while observational studies should follow STROBE guidelines. Methodology Papers will present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation. It is suggested that case studies or practical examples, which can be existing ones, are included to demonstrate the consistency and applicability of the methodology. Methodology papers should be generally less than 6000 words, excluding abstract, tables, figures and references. References should not exceed 50.

BACKGROUND: Employing qualified individuals with disabilities can improve organizational competitiveness and promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies. However, research on disability inclusion policy and practices among employers committed to hiring people with disabilities is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate efforts of Fortune 500 companies to include disability in their DEI policy and examine the effect of disability inclusion policy and practices on employment of people with disabilities METHODS: Four hundred sixty-six human resource and project managers with hiring authority participated in the present study. The Disability Inclusion Profiler-23 (DIP-23) was used to assess the perceived importance and implementation level of disability inclusion policy and practices in Fortune 500 and non-Fortune 500 companies. Two-sample independent t-tests were used to compare disability-employment rates and disability inclusion scores between Fortune 500 and non-Fortune 500 groups. Parallel mediation analysis was conducted to examine the extent to which executive level and mid-manager level DIP scores mediated the relationship between Fortune 500 companies and disability employment rates. RESULTS: Fortune 500 companies demonstrated higher disability employment rates and better disability inclusion policies and practices compared to non-Fortune 500 companies. CONCLUSION: State vocational rehabilitation agencies and other disability service providers should engage Fortune 500 executives to bolster disability inclusion efforts. Collaboration between vocational rehabilitation professionals and mid-level managers can enhance DIP policy implementation, thereby improving employment opportunities for people with disabilities.

PurposeWorkplace deviant behaviors (WDBs) have a significant negative impact on firms. Present study explores the role of employees’ perception of firms’ internal corporate social responsibility (internal CSR) in reducing their intention to engage in WDB. Social exchange theory (SET) and job demand-resource (JD-R) model form the conceptual underpinning of the study.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses were developed based on a comprehensive literature review and tested on employees working in various public and private sector organizations in India. AMOS and SPSS PROCESS macro were used to test the conceptual model.FindingsEmployees’ perception of firms’ internal CSR reduced their intention to engage in WDB. Occupational strain was confirmed as a mediator in the above mentioned relationship. Further, the study also establishes internal CSR as an antecedent to increased perceptions of procedural justice.Practical implicationsManagers may leverage internal CSR communication as a tool to minimize WDB at the workplace. Moreover, it may also be used to reduce occupational strain and strengthen the perceptions of fairness among employees.Originality/valueVery limited research is available on internal CSR and WDB. Through this study authors contribute to the nascent literature by affirming the negative relationship between internal CSR and WDB using the SET and JD-R model.

Theorizing tuberculosis: a reply to Porter and Ogden