Physical manufacturing: from the multidisciplinary perspective

In higher education, student retention challenges and advancing student diversity are not new. Such institutional student retention challenges and student diversity promotions continue to require more focus and effort. A means to help address student retention and improve student diversity through faculty engagement in classrooms is inclusive pedagogy. In this study, we inform researchers and practitioners about the current state of inclusive pedagogical research, including gaps addressing further needs of inclusive pedagogical research from a multi-disciplinary perspective, including science, technology, engineering, education, math, humanities, management, and economics. We also share a non_STEM-Focused versus STEM-Focused inclusive pedagogy literature perspective. Using the Center for the Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning (CIRTL) framework, we reviewed 304 articles to help shed light on existing inclusive pedagogy, focusing on three core competencies: inclusive communications, inclusive pedagogy practices, and the design of inclusive curriculum. Based on our discussion of findings and related implications for future research, we conclude that inclusive pedagogical research warrants improvement across all core competencies and academic disciplines to strengthen improvement of this research field. This study contributes to researchers and practitioners, especially those focusing inclusive pedagogy in classrooms, as well as the body of inclusive pedagogy knowledge.

Book Review| October 01 2017 Sportsmanship: Multidisciplinary Perspectives Delaney, Tim. Sportsmanship: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Jefferson, NC: McFarland Publishers, 2016. Pp. 300. $35.00, pb. Ray Schneider Ray Schneider Bowling Green State University Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Sport History (2017) 44 (3): 495–496. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.44.3.0495 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Ray Schneider; Sportsmanship: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Journal of Sport History 1 January 2017; 44 (3): 495–496. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.44.3.0495 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of Sport History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2017 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2017 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Muscle tightness is a complex ailment that affects quality of life in people who experience it. Muscle tightness is not clearly defined by the National Library of Medicine, which creates confusion in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to identify the attributes of muscle tightness from expert clinicians' perception and develop a consensus definition from multidisciplinary perspectives. This nonintervention study employed semistructured interviews using qualitative design. Twelve multidisciplinary expert clinicians participated in the study. The results indicate that limited range of motion is a key feature of muscle tightness; however, there are six other attributes: loss of function, changes in muscle texture, change in sensation, asymmetry, pain, and contracted muscle state. These attributes are largely subjective and are interrelated. The new definition captures the multiple domains of muscle tightness. Lack of a standardized tool is a challenge, particularly when subjective assessments require patients' input. Development of such a tool to measure muscle tightness is advocated.

Emotional Power of Music: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Arousal, Expression and Social Control, Edited by Tom Cochrane, Bernardino Fantini, and Klaus R. Scherer. Oxford University Press, 2013. 392 pp. ISBN: 978-0-19-965488-8. £55.00/$94.00 USD (Hardback). Also available as an e-book $55.99 USD.The Emotional Power of Music (Cochrane, Fantini, & Scherer, 2013) is an anthology that draws together an impressive range of perspectives to explore the deep connection between and emotion. volume includes interviews with composers and performers, historical accounts of the social and therapeutic uses of music, various philosophical approaches, as well as research and theory in psychology and neuroscience. This interdisciplinary perspective reflects the diverse backgrounds of the editors of the volume-Tom Cochrane, a philosopher; Bernardo Fantini, a historian of medicine and health; and Klaus Scherer, whose field is psychology. book is organized in three sections, respectively entitled Musical expressiveness, Emotion elicitation, and The powers of music. Each section receives an introduction by one of the editors where constituent chapters are outlined and placed in context. These introductions offer useful background information for readers who may be new to this area of research. Likewise, they allow more experienced readers to better orient the research offered by each author within the field at large. writing is generally clear and well referenced; key terms and concepts receive adequate explanation. As a result, the book should be accessible to anyone interested in the topic while remaining a valuable reference for scholars in the field of musicology and psychomusicology. For the part, the music and musical practices discussed are restricted to Western art and this may frustrate some readers. This notwithstanding, the book offers both critical perspectives and welcome enhancements to traditional approaches, with many of the authors embracing important current concerns associated with embodiment and human development. In what follows, I outline the contents of each section of the book, attempt to draw out the main themes of each chapter and discuss their relevance for prospective readers. I offer critical commentary occasionally and note connections and contrasts between chapters. focus of this review is on areas associated with philosophical and psychological musicology, which comprises the majority of the volume. Chapters dealing with historical issues are considered only briefly.Section One: ExpressivenessFollowing Tom Cochrane's introduction, Section One opens with musicologist Michael Spitzer's analysis of Trocken Blumen from Schubert's song cycle Die Schone Mullerin. Spitzer begins with a traditional musicological approach, initially looking for emotional meaning within the and harmonic structure of the work. chief focus here is on understanding how the composer constructs the piece-and, as Spitzer suggests, the whole cycle-around a melodic apex (the highest sung note) that coincides with the emotional peak of the composition. What makes Spitzer's approach so interesting, however, is the way he develops a more explicitly biological and movement-based conception of musical emotion than one usually finds in traditional score based analysis-see, for example, his discussion of the subconscious physiological- power of the cry, as well as the metaphor of growth and blossoming. Indeed, Spitzer argues that most analytical approaches to musical emotion are static and he suggests that we would do better to consider in terms of its affective trajectory. This perspective allows Spitzer to analyze the core affect-in this case sadness-as a complex package of entailments, or as a group of goal-driven processes.This approach is not necessarily at odds with attribution, expressionist, resemblance, or persona models of musical expressivity (for an overview see Davies, 1994; Gracyk & Kania, 2011, part II). …

In humans, high levels of investment are required to raise offspring, because of the prolonged developmental period and short interbirth intervals. The costs borne by individual mothers may be mitigated by obtaining social support from others. This strategy could be particularly valuable for first-time mothers, who lack first-hand experience and whose offspring have higher mortality risk than later-born siblings. As raising children is potentially stressful, mothers may gain from others sharing their experience, providing knowledge/information and emotional support. Being genetically related to both mother and grandchild, maternal grandmothers may be especially well placed to provide such support, while also gaining fitness benefits. We tested the over-arching hypothesis that first-time mothers and their young children supported by the maternal grandmother would have lower levels of stress and better health outcomes, compared to mother-infant dyads lacking such grandmaternal support. A cohort of 90 mother-infant dyads (52 with grandmaternal support, 38 without) was recruited in Merida, Mexico. We assessed anthropometry and body composition in both mother and child, along with maternally perceived stress and child temperament, and documented maternal social relationships. No differences were found in perceived stress/temperament or anthropometry of either mothers or children, according to the presence/absence of grandmaternal support. However, a composite score of whether grandmothers provided advice on infant feeding was positively associated with child nutritional status. Mothers without grandmaternal support reported seeking more informational and emotional support from other female relatives for childcare, potentially compensating for limited/absent grandmaternal support. Our findings may help develop interventions to improve maternal and child health by targeting the dynamics of maternal social networks. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal-child health'.

The display of small and medium-sized burials in museums is a multidisciplinary and comprehensive research topic. Through the in-depth analysis of the cases of Ling-kou girl’s tomb, Yangguanzhai partial cave chamber tomb, Lantian Lv’s family tombs, and Dong’er Village Mongolian Yuan mural tomb in Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, four exhibition modes of small and medium-sized burials can be summarized, such as focusing on the tomb owner, restoring the excavation site, restoring the initial tomb, and the space of the tomb. These modes are combined with physical anthropology, sociology, history, civil engineering and architecture, heritage conservation, computer science and other multidisciplinary to enrich the exhibition content. Meanwhile, innovations in display utilization of small and medium-sized burials need to emphasize the role of “objects” in tombs, including comprehensive understanding of the characters, restoration of the ancient society, and linking to inspire the audience. In conclusion, the exhibition of small and medium- sized burials under the multidisciplinary perspective should establish a holistic concept of tombs, pay attention to the whole process of excavation, research, protection and utilization of tombs, abandon “selecting the best and choosing the most beautiful” and make the best use of the objects, and build a two-way communication between the exhibition and the audience.

People with schizophrenia can experience a range of symptoms, typically classified as positive (such as hallucinations, delusions), negative (such as avolition, anhedonia) or cognitive (such as attentional or working memory impairments). The accumulation of evidence from EEG, and structural and functional imaging, combined with post-mortem neurochemistry and pathology, has gradually focussed attention on altered function in a core neural circuitry as underlying the aetiology of schizophrenia. The principal circuits apparently fundamental to positive symptoms (e.g. auditory pathway, including auditory cortex) overlap with those apparently fundamental to negative/cognitive symptoms (e.g. ventral striatum, ventral tegmental area) at prefrontal cortex and reticular thalamus. This review summarises the various strands of evidence that lead to these conclusions, considers how this circuitry might be selectively affected according to our understanding of the causes of the disease, and then highlights how the knowledge of regionally-specific electrophysiological, imaging and neurochemical endophenotypes could be better exploited for translational purposes.

Social support is a known determinant of breastfeeding behaviour and is generally considered beneficial. However, social support encompasses a myriad of different supportive acts, providing scope for diverse infant feeding outcomes. Given the vulnerability of postpartum mental health, this paper aims to explore both how support prolongs breastfeeding and which forms of support promote the positive experience of all infant feeding. Using survey data collected online from 515 UK mothers with infants aged 0-108 weeks, Cox regression models assessed the relationship between receiving different types of support, support need and breastfeeding duration. Quasi-binomial logistic regression models assessed the relationship between receiving support, infant feeding mode and maternal experience of infant feeding. Rates of negative infant feeding experience indicate the widespread need for support: e.g. 38% of currently, 47% of no longer and 31% of never breastfeeding women found infant feeding stressful. Overall, practical support via infant feeding broadly predicted shorter breastfeeding durations and poorer feeding experience; results in relation to other forms of support were more complex. Our findings indicate different forms of support have different associations with infant feeding experience. They also highlight the wide range of individuals beyond the nuclear family on which postpartum mothers in the UK rely. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal-child health'.

The Soviet Union and East Europe into the 1980S: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives. Edited by Simon Mclnnes, William McGrath, and Peter J. Potichnyj. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press, n.d. xii, 340 pp. $7.95, paper. - Perspectives For Change In Communist Societies. Edited by Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1979. xii, 194 pp. $16.95. - Volume 39 Issue 4

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 38, Issue 2 p. 70-70 Altering Consciousness: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Volume 1: History, Culture, and the Humanities. Volume 2: Biological and Psychological Perspectives – Edited by Etzel Cardeña and Michael Winkelman Frederick M. Smith, Frederick M. Smith University of IowaSearch for more papers by this author Frederick M. Smith, Frederick M. Smith University of IowaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 June 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2012.01593.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume38, Issue2June 2012Pages 70-70 RelatedInformation

BackgroundThe number of market approvals of orphan medicinal products (OMPs) has been increasing steadily in the last 3 decades. While OMPs can offer a unique chance for patients suffering from rare diseases, they are usually very expensive. The growing number of approved OMPs increases their budget impact despite their low prevalence, making it pressing to find solutions to ethical challenges on how to fairly allocate scarce healthcare resources under this context. One potential solution could be to grant OMPs special status when considering them for reimbursement, meaning that they are subject to different, and less stringent criteria than other drugs. This study aims to provide a systematic analysis of moral reasons for and against such a special status for the reimbursement of OMPs in publicly funded healthcare systems from a multidisciplinary perspective.ResultsWith a systematic review of reasons, we identified 39 reasons represented in 243 articles (scientific and grey literature) for and against special status for the reimbursement of OMPs, then categorized them into nine topics. Taking a multidisciplinary perspective, we found that most articles came from health policy (n = 103) and health economics (n = 49). More articles took the position for a special status of OMPs (n = 97) than those against it (n = 31) and there was a larger number of reasons identified in favour (29 reasons) than against (10 reasons) this special status.ConclusionResults suggest that OMP reimbursement issues should be assessed and analysed from a multidisciplinary perspective. Despite the higher occurrence of reasons and articles in favour of a special status, there is no clear-cut solution for this ethical challenge. The binary perspective of whether or not OMPs should be granted special status oversimplifies the issue: both OMPs and rare diseases are too heterogeneous in their characteristics for such a binary perspective. Thus, the scientific debate should focus less on the question of disease prevalence but rather on how the important variability of different OMPs concerning e.g. target population, cost-effectiveness, level of evidence or mechanism of action could be meaningfully addressed and implemented in Health Technology Assessments.

The sustainability concept is inherently multydisciplinary because it concerns the management of a complex system having economic, technological, ecological, political, and other perspectives. Consequently, any effort in the area of sustainability involves concept, principles, and methods from engineering, the social science including economics ans social psychology, the biological science including ecology, and physical sciences. In this context, the book Sustainability:Multi Disciplinary Perspectives edited by Heriberto Cabezas and Urmila Diwekar discusses, in a coherent and comprehensive manner, the salient concepts, principles and methods relevant to sustainability from the perspective of different disciplines. The book is a collection of fourteen papers, written by 23 authors drawn from fifteen distinct disciplinary backgrounds ranging from engineering to public policy, from ecology to thermodynamics, from organizational behavior to social psychology, and from industrial ecology to economics. Chapter 1, Introduction, by Heriberto Cabezas describes the general context, the aims and structure of the book. This chapter also provides the definition of sustainability: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs . Chapter 2, Principles of Sustainability from Ecology, by Audrey L. Mayer, details what are the principles which support sustainability: resilience, desirability, temporal and spatial equity. Ecological theories and hypotheses have inspired new and creative ways to create more sustainable systems. In particular, the complex systems approach to understanding ecosystems have readily incorporated linked human systems into these models, and allowed for a greater understanding of the impacts of specific human activities on the entire socioecological system. ...

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Mining Africa. Law, Environment, Society and Politics in Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspectives

Memory is a fundamental neurological function, essential for animal survival. Over the course of vertebrate evolution, elaborations in the forebrain telencephalon create new memory mechanisms, meaning basal vertebrates such as amphibians must have a less sophisticated system of memory acquisition, storage, and retrieval than the well-known hippocampal-based circuitry of mammals. Personality also appears to be a fundamental vertebrate trait and is generally defined as consistent individual behavior over time and across life history stages. In anuran amphibians (frogs), personality studies generally ask whether adult frogs retain the personality of their tadpole stage or whether personality shifts with metamorphosis, an idea behavioral ecologists term adaptive decoupling. Using a multidisciplinary perspective and recognizing there are ~7843 species of frogs, each with some molecular, morphological, physiological, or behavioral feature that makes it unique, we review, clarify, and provide perspective on what we collectively know about memory and personality and their mechanisms in anuran amphibians. We propose four working hypotheses: (1) as tadpoles grow, new telencephalic neurons become integrated into functional networks, producing behaviors that become more sophisticated with age; (2) since carnivores tend to be more bold/aggressive than herbivores, carnivorous anuran adults will be more aggressive than herbivorous tadpoles; (3) each amphibian species, and perhaps life history stage, will have a set point on the Shy–Bold Continuum; and (4) around this set point there will be a range of individual responses. We also suggest that several factors are slowing our understanding of the variety and depth of memory and personality possibilities in anurans. These include the scala natura approach to comparative studies (i.e., the idea that one frog represents all frogs); the assumption that amphibians are no more than simple reflex machines; that study species tend to be chosen more for convenience than taxonomic representation; and that studies are designed to prove or disprove a construct. This latter factor is a particular hindrance because what we are really seeking as scientists is not the confirmation or refutation of ideas, but rather what those ideas are intended to produce, which is understanding.