Physiological actions of taurine

Associations among food and protein intake, serine dehydratase, and plasma amino acids.

Canine pancreatic responses to intestinally perfused fat and products of fat digestion.

Influence of sodium on calcium transport by the rat small intestine.

Role of precursor availability in control of monoamine biosynthesis in brain.

Milk fat as a source of bioactive compounds

ArticlesTHE NUTRITIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AMINO ACIDSWilliam C. RoseWilliam C. RosePublished Online:01 Jan 1938https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1938.18.1.109MoreSectionsPDF (4 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmail Previous Back to Top FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByComparative effects of acute-methionine loading on the plasma sulfur-amino acids in NAC-supplemented HIV+ patients and healthy controls1 February 2018 | Amino Acids, Vol. 50, No. 5Microencapsulation of crystalline-methionine enclosed with gelatine and sodium alginate by spray-drying30 May 2015 | Materials Research Innovations, Vol. 19, No. sup5ASAS Centennial Paper: Landmark discoveries in swine nutrition in the past century12Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 87, No. 2Properties and Reactions of Indoles, Isoindoles, and Their Hydrogenated Derivatives2 January 2008The Pharmacodynamics of L-ArginineThe Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 137, No. 6β-Leucine and the β-Keto Pathway of Leucine Metabolism22 November 2006Minimum methionine requirement and cysteine sparing of methionine in healthy school-age childrenThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 84, No. 5The In Vivo Sparing of Methionine by Cysteine in Sulfur Amino Acid Requirements in Animal Models and Adult HumansThe Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 136, No. 6A 45-Year Obsession and Passionate Pursuit of Optimal Nutrition Support: Puppies, Pediatrics, Surgery, Geriatrics, Home TPN, A.S.P.E.N., Et Cetera5 January 2017 | Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Vol. 29, No. 4Exercise-induced immunodepression– plasma glutamine is not the linkNatalie Hiscock, and Bente Klarlund Pedersen1 September 2002 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 93, No. 3Current Indications for Intravenous Nutritional Support in Oncology PatientsSurgical Oncology Clinics of North America, Vol. 4, No. 3Balanced amino acid composition essential for infusion-induced egg development in the mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens)Journal of Insect Physiology, Vol. 39, No. 7Enteral glutamine supports hepatic glutathione efflux during inflammationThe Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Vol. 4, No. 4Amino acid imbalance, a nutritional model: Serotonin3 mediation of aversive responsesPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 49, No. 5A new rapid enzyme digestion method for predicting in Vitro protein quality (PDD index)Food Chemistry, Vol. 32, No. 4AMINOACIDS: ESSENTIAL AND NON-ESSENTIAL?The Lancet, Vol. 321, No. 8332Branched chain amino acid metabolism in two avian species: Coturnix Coturnix japonica and Gallus domesticusComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, Vol. 69, No. 2The essential amino acid requirements of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magisterAquaculture, Vol. 7, No. 3Possibilities and necessities of parenteral nutrition with amino acid mixtures1 June 1975 | Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft, Vol. 14, No. 2Amino acid metabolism of Astacus leptodactylus (Esch.)—II. Biosynthesis of the non-essential amino acidsComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, Vol. 50, No. 3Food Preferences Acquired by Association with Variations in Amino Acid Nutrition1 January 2018 | Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 1Regulatory significance of transfer RNA charging levels I. Measurements of charging levels in livers of chow-fed rats, fasting rats, and rats fed balanced or imbalanced mixtures of amino acidsBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis, Vol. 190, No. 2Food intake: Regulation by plasma amino acid patternLife Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 2The nutritionally essential amino acids of Rhodnius prolixus (Stål) determined with glucose-U-14CJournal of Insect Physiology, Vol. 11, No. 12Studies on isolated islets of Langerhans (Brockmann bodies) of teleost fishes I. Metabolic activity in vitroBiochimica et Biophysica Acta, Vol. 74Nutritional requirements of insects associated with animal parasitismExperimental Parasitology, Vol. 7, No. 6Pseudomembranous EnterocolitisThe Lancet, Vol. 264, No. 6831Nutrition of VegetariansThe Lancet, Vol. 264, No. 6831Significance of dietary supplementation in surgical casesThe American Journal of Surgery, Vol. 77, No. 4Some nitrogenous constituents of wort and their fate during fermentation by top and bottom fermentation yeastsBiochimica et Biophysica Acta, Vol. 3Problems of parenteral nutritionThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 5Utilization of protein hydrolysates by normal and protein-depleted animalsThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 3Effect of injury and disease on nitrogen metabolismThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 1UTERINE GRAFT OPERATION FOR GENITAL PROLAPSEThe Lancet, Vol. 245, No. 6340BRITISH ORTHOPAEDIC ASSOCIATIONThe Lancet, Vol. 242, No. 6274I. Evaluation of the peanut as a cash crop II. Importance of the peanut from a biochemical standpoint, especially from that of nutritionJournal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 234, No. 3Some Current Problems and Recent Advances in the Chemistry of the Proteins27 July 2018 | Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists, Vol. 3, No. 1 More from this issue > Volume 18Issue 1January 1938Pages 109-136 https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1938.18.1.109History Published online 1 January 1938 Published in print 1 January 1938 PDF download Metrics Downloaded 2,096 times

This study investigated the effects of dietary taurine (Tau) supplementation in housefly maggot meal (HMM)-based diets used as a fishmeal replacement on feeding behavior, growth performance, and muscle quality of mandarin fish (<italic>Siniperca chuatsi</italic>), and further evaluated the application potential of HMM and taurine in aquafeed. Based on an iso-nitrogenous design, three diets were formulated: a control diet without HMM (Con), a diet with 18% fishmeal replaced by HMM (HMM), and an HMM diet supplemented with 1% taurine (HMM+Tau). Fish were reared for 8 weeks. Results showed that the feeding rate was significantly lower in the HMM group than that in the other two groups (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05), whereas no significant difference between the Con and HMM+Tau groups (<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05). The relative expression levels of <italic>npy</italic> and <italic>ghrelin</italic> were significantly upregulated in the HMM+Tau group (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). In contrast, <italic>pomca</italic> expression was significantly downregulated in both the HMM and HMM+Tau groups compared with the Con group (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). No significant differences were observed in growth performance or feed utilization among treatments. Replacing fishmeal with HMM did not significantly affect the muscle proximate composition, but it significantly increased the muscle amino acid content (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). Arachidonic acid (ARA) content in the Con group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05), while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content in the HMM group was significantly lower than that in the Con and HMM+Tau groups (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). Sensory evaluation indicated that bitterness and umami-aftertaste were significantly higher in the HMM and HMM+Tau groups compared with the Con group (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05), whereas umami and saltiness were significantly lower (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). However, no significant difference in umami-aftertaste was found between the two HMM-based groups (<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05). In addition, collagen content in muscle was significantly higher in the HMM and HMM+Tau groups than that in the Con group (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). In conclusion, HMM can serve as a high-quality alternative protein source to replace fishmeal without adversely affecting the growth or feed utilization of mandarin fish, while taurine supplementation can promote feed intake and optimize muscle quality.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary taurine and methionine on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fed with plant-based diets. To this purpose, sturgeons were fed with either of methionine + taurine-supplemented (MT), without taurine supplementation (M) or without methionine supplementation (T) diets. Growth performance, body composition, tissue amino acids and serum glucose and lipids were studied at the end of the experiment. Results showed that the treatments T and MT had similar growth performance and feed efficiency, which were significantly higher than the treatment M. Dietary taurine and methionine significantly altered carcass and liver taurine and methionine contents. The highest serum glucose was observed in the treatment M and the lowest in treatment MT. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the treatments T and MT were similar and significantly higher than those of the treatment M. This study showed that Persian sturgeon needs taurine supplementation when fed with plant-based diets, but the supplemented level seems to be lower than those of the other species. Taurine has hypoglycaemic and lipidogenesis effects on Persian sturgeon. However, further studies are required to illustrate taurine and methionine metabolism in Persian sturgeon.

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated that taurine is one of the most abundant free amino acids in the male reproductive system, and can be biosynthesized by male reproductive organs. But the effect of taurine on male reproduction is poorly understood.MethodsTaurine and β-alanine (taurine transport inhibitor) were offered in water to male rats of different ages. The effects of taurine on reproductive hormones, testis marker enzymes, antioxidative ability and sperm quality were investigated.ResultsThe levels of T and LH were obviously increased by taurine supplementation in rats of different ages, and the level of E was also significantly elevated in baby rats. The levels of SOD, ACP, SDH and NOS were obviously increased by taurine administration in adult rats, but the levels of AKP, AST, ALT and NO were significantly decreased. The levels of SOD, ACP, LDH, SDH, NOS, NO and GSH were significantly elevated by taurine administration in aged rats, but the levels of AST and ALT were significantly decreased. The motility of spermatozoa was obviously increased by taurine supplement in adult rats. The numbers and motility of spermatozoa, the rate of live spermatozoa were significantly increased by taurine supplement in aged rats.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that a taurine supplement could stimulate the secretion of LH and T, increase the levels of testicular marker enzymes, elevate testicular antioxidation and improve sperm quality. The results imply that taurine plays important roles in male reproduction especially in aged animals.

Epithelial cell growth and differentiation. II. Intestinal apoptosis.

Enhanced cholesterol utilization and impact on growth through taurine supplementation in high plant-based diets of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei in biofloc system

Taurine as an essential amino acid in the brain could play an important role in protecting the fetal brain of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The hippocampus with IUGR showed neural metabolic disorder and structure changed that affected memory and learning ability. This study was aimed to identify the effect of taurine supplementation on the metabolism alterations and cellular composition changes of the hippocampus in IUGR immature rats. Metabolite concentrations were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the hippocampus of juvenile rats with IUGR following taurine supplementation with antenatal or postnatal supply. The composition of neural cells in the hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and western blotting (WB). Antenatal taurine supplementation increased the ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) /creatine (Cr) and glutamate (Glu) /Cr of the hippocampus in the IUGR immature rats, but reduced the ratios of choline (Cho) /Cr and myoinositol (mI) /Cr. At the same time, the protein expression of NeuN in the IUGR rats was increased through intrauterine taurine supplementation, and the GFAP expression was reduced. Especially the effect of antenatal taurine was better than postpartum. Furthermore, there existed a positive correlation between the NAA/Cr ratio and the NeuN protein expression (R = 0.496 p < 0.001 IHC; R = 0.568 p < 0.001 WB), the same results existed in the relationship between the mI/Cr ratio and the GFAP protein expression (R = 0.338 p = 0.019 IHC; R = 0.440 p = 0.002 WB). Prenatal taurine supplementation can better improve hippocampal neuronal metabolism by increasing NAA / Cr ratio related to the number of neurons and reducing Cho / Cr ratio related to the number of glial cells.

Taurine and methionine supplementation as a nutritional strategy for growth promotion of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) fed high plant protein diets

ARTICLESRegulation of ketone body metabolism in skeletal muscleNB Ruderman, and MN GoodmanNB RudermanSearch for more papers by this author, and MN GoodmanSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:01 Jun 1973https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.6.1391MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByIn vitro ketone‐supported mitochondrial respiration is minimal when other substrates are readily available in cardiac and skeletal muscle19 August 2020 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 598, No. 21Pimozide Alleviates Hyperglycemia in Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibiting Skeletal Muscle Ketone OxidationCell Metabolism, Vol. 31, No. 5Invited review: Metabolic challenges and adaptation during different functional stages of the mammary gland in dairy cows: Perspectives for sustainable milk productionJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 102, No. 4Elevation of blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentration affects glucose metabolism in dairy cows before and after parturitionJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 100, No. 3Thermic Effect of Food, Macronutrient Oxidation Rate and Satiety of Medium-chain TriglycerideKorean Journal of Community Nutrition, Vol. 20, No. 6Effects of dietary medium-chain fatty acids on performance, carcass characteristics, and some serum parameters of broiler chickens15 October 2014 | British Poultry Science, Vol. 55, No. 5Long-term elevation of β-hydroxybutyrate in dairy cows through infusion: Effects on feed intake, milk production, and metabolismJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 96, No. 5Effects of structured medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols in diets with various levels of fat on body fat accumulation in rats9 March 2007 | British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 91, No. 2Effects of a liquid diet supplement containing structured medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols on bodyfat accumulation in healthy young subjectsAsia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 10, No. 1Unreliable use of standard muscle hydration value in obesityG. Mingrone, A. Bertuzzi, E. Capristo, A. V. Greco, M. Manco, A. Pietrobelli, S. Salinari, and S. B. Heymsfield1 February 2001 | American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 280, No. 2Malonyl-CoA, fuel sensing, and insulin resistanceNeil B. Ruderman, Asish K. Saha, Demetrios Vavvas, and Lee A. Witters1 January 1999 | American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 276, No. 1Oxidation of d(?)3-hydroxybutyrate administered to rats with extensive burnsSurgery Today, Vol. 26, No. 3Uptake of β-hydroxybutyrate in perfused hindquarter of starved and diabetic ratsMetabolism, Vol. 40, No. 12Metabolism of ketone bodies by skeletal muscle in starvation and uncontrolled diabetesMetabolism, Vol. 39, No. 10Hepatic Ketogenesis and Peripheral Ketone Body Utilization in the RuminantThe Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 117, No. 6Ketone bodies inhibit leucine degradation in chick skeletal muscleInternational Journal of Biochemistry, Vol. 19, No. 10Ketone body kinetics in humans: the effects of insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, and starvation.Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 25, No. 11Effect of elevated substrates on substrate oxidation in normal and diabetic aortaActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 119, No. 4Metabolism of ketone bodies in pregnant sheep9 March 2007 | British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 48, No. 3LIPID METABOLISM IN LIVER AND SELECTED TISSUES AND IN THE WHOLE BODY OF RUMINANT ANIMALSEnergy Metabolism in Feasting and FastingInfluence of Acetate on the Metabolism of β-Hydroxybutyrate in the Perfused Hind-Quarter of the RatActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 99, No. 1Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in altered nutritionMetabolism, Vol. 25, No. 11Blood D-3-hydroxybutyrate and the regulation of plasma concentrations of free fatty acids in the fasted ratMetabolism, Vol. 25, No. 6Rhabdomyolysis And Myoglobinuria in ChildhoodPediatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 23, No. 2Effects of Long Lasting Physical Exercise and Training on Lipid MetabolismRenal conservation of ketone bodies during starvationMetabolism, Vol. 24, No. 1Transport of Organic Acids across Cell MembraneNew England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 291, No. 11Enzymes Involved in Ketone Utilization in Different Types of Muscle: Adaptation to ExerciseEuropean Journal of Biochemistry, Vol. 47, No. 3 More from this issue > Volume 224Issue 6June 1973Pages 1391-1397 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1973 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.6.1391PubMed4712152History Published online 1 June 1973 Published in print 1 June 1973 Metrics

Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia.