Medicinal plants are a valuable source of biologically active substances used to prevent and treat diverse diseases. The major classes of these compounds—alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, essential oils, tannins, polyphenols, and polysaccharides—exhibit broad pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antioxidant effects. Phytochemical screening of plant extracts plays a crucial role in identifying these compounds and supporting the development of new therapeutic agents. In this study, a spectrophotometric phytochemical screening was performed to evaluate alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroid cardiac glycosides, and polysaccharides and the antioxidant activity of extracts from three medicinal plants from different families, milk-ripened oats (Avena sativa L.), madder root (Rubia tinctorum L.), and Scotch heather (Calluna vulgaris L.), was assessed. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to achieve a more detailed chemical profile. Both conventional solvents (methanol, ethanol, water-alcohol mixtures, water, acetonitrile) and a new class of solvents, deep eutectic solvents, were used as extractants. Ultrasound-assisted extraction proceeded at 40–80°C for 10–60 min. The optimal extraction conditions were found for the major compound groups: 80°C for 60 min with conventional solvents, 50°C for 30 min for Calluna vulgaris L. with deep eutectic solvents, and 60°C for 30 min for madder root and oats with deep eutectic solvents. The results demonstrate that deep eutectic solvents effectively extract the target bioactive substances under milder conditions, underscoring their potential as environmentally sustainable extractants in phytochemical research.
10Valorization of onion wastes and by-products using deep eutectic solvents as alternate green technology solvents for isolation of bioactive phytochemicals.
Valorization of onion wastes and by-products using deep eutectic solvents as alternate green technology solvents for isolation of bioactive phytochemicals.
Read more24Antibacterial activities, phytochemical analysis and chemical composition Makhlaseh extracts against the growth of some pathogenic strain causing poisoning and infection
Antibacterial activities, phytochemical analysis and chemical composition Makhlaseh extracts against the growth of some pathogenic strain causing poisoning and infection
Read more1Electrochemical determination of Thyroxine Hormone in Human Blood through Magnetic Nanoparticles Composite Electrode
Throat infections are common cause for visit to health care centres. This study is aimed at investigating the antibacterial efficacy of G. kola seeds against bacteria involved in throat infections. Twenty clinical and 4 typed bacterial isolates associated with throat infections were obtained. Extraction from G. kola seeds using ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, hot and cold water as extraction solvents was done. Phytochemical analyses of extracts, antibacterial efficacy, MIC and MBC of extracts on test isolates using ciprofloxacin as positive control and mechanisms of action of extract; were carried out. Ethyl acetate extract was most effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae with 29±0.58 mm zone of inhibition while hot water extract was the least with 6.00±0.58 mm against S. pyogenes. Ethyl acetate extract again showed the lowest MIC and MBC at 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml respectively against S. aureus. Time-kill kinetics of the extract also showed reduction in number of bacteria cells at 30 min intervals. The mechanism of action of ethyl acetate extract is attributed to cell wall disruption with highest leakages of Na+ and K+ in K. pneumoniae obtained at 350 Cmol/kg and 82 Cmol/kg respectively, while the highest leakage of proteins was obtained in S. aureus at 88.55±5.34 mg/ml. . These results conclude that the ethyl acetate extract of G. kola seeds is of best efficacy against the tested bacteria involved in throat infections.
Read more3In vitro and in silico study of eggplant extract on human cancer cell lines
The aim of this research was to study the metabolite composition, antioxidative potential and cytotoxic activities of Solanum melongena fruit extracts. Phytochemical analyses of extracts were performed using LC-MS. Phenolic compounds were the major constituents present in the fruit extracts. Free radical scavenging activities were recorded and the highest activities were reported in methanolic extracts using DPPH (103.70 ± 2.75 EC50 μg/mL), ABTS (81.74 ± 3.64 EC50 μg/mL), and FRAP (22.39 ± 1.52 μmol TE/g) assays. Quantification has suggested the presence of delphinidin derivatives, and caffeic acid conjugates as major constituents of fruit extracts. The potential binding of these derivatives with human cell surface receptors was analysed using in silico analysis and validated for cytotoxic and apoptotic effects using in vitro studies on human cancer cell lines. The methanolic extract has shown the highest cytotoxic activity.
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3Evaluation of phytochemicals and activity index of some plant leaf extracts on typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from selected hospitals in Bauchi, Nigeria
The pytochemicals and activity index evaluation was done for antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Cymbopogan citratus, Psidium guajava and Anacadium occidentale on clinical isolates of typhoidal and non typhoidal Salmonella. The typhoidal Salmonella isolates where S. typhi and S. paratyphi A, while non typhoidal was S. typhimurium. Well diffusion method was used. The activity of extracts was compared with that of orthodox drugs commonly used for the treatment of typhoid and non-typhoid salmonellosis thus; ciprofloxacin (10µg/Disc), amoxicillin (30µg/disc) and chloramphenicol (30µg/Disc) as standard. Phytochemical analysis of extracts was conducted using Trease and Evans methods of 2002. Both methanol and aqueous extracts had significant (p 1 on the serotypes indicating that Amoxacilin is resistant to salmonella serotypes tested. Using Ciprofloxacin as a standard, AI varies with serotypes S. paratypi A and S. typimurium have AI≤1 and S. typi have AI>1.Pyhtochemical screening of extract revealed the presence of some bioactive components like alkaloids saponin, tannins, anthraquinones steroid flavonoids glycosides. These properties determined the antimicrobial potential of the extracts. From the findings, it proved that plants crude extracts possess some potential as antibiotics and can be further studied to isolate the compound that is most active and formulated as drug against the disease.
Read more17Synthesis and characterization of natural deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for isolation of bioactive flavonoids from Amaranthus viridis
Synthesis and characterization of natural deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for isolation of bioactive flavonoids from Amaranthus viridis
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