Planning for Mitigation of Variability in Renewable Energy Resources using Temporal Complementarity

The paper proposes a method to size a standalone hybrid PV/MHP/BES (photovoltaic/micro-hydro/battery energy storage) system. The proposed method is simple and easy to use. The size and location decoupled proposed approach can effectively size cost-effective systems. The method exploits variable renewable energy (VRE) resources adjustable complementarity proposing a CMACVRE (VRE Adjusted Complementarity Critical Month) term to size the hybrid system. By reducing capital investment and enhancing load sharing between VRE resources, the method inherently sizes cost-effective systems that minimise SnD gaps and operational expenses. The results show that the proposed method cannot only size a Homer Pro comparable system but can optimise a Homer Pro sized system further. Additionally, that the system sized by Homer Pro employing the proposed approach with adjustable complementarity delivers better results than the system sized by Homer Pro without it. The results show that the sized hybrid system meets load demand even considering ± 10% uncertainty. A North American site produces 4,069 kWh vs. 3,686 kWh of the energy required yearly; the Southeast Asian site produces 656 kWh vs. 607 kWh of the required; and the European site produces 12,982 kWh vs. 12548 kWh of the required, each considering −10% uncertainty.

The imminent exhaustion of fossil energy resources and the increasing demand for energy were the motives for those reasonable in world to put into practice an energy policy based on rational use of energy; and on exploitation of new and renewable energy sources. After 1980, as the supply of conventional energy has not been able to follow the tremendous increase of the production demand in rural areas of the world, a renewed interest for the application of solar and wind energy has shown in many places. Therefore, the researchers and engineers began to pay more attention to wind and solar energy utilisation in rural areas. Because the wind energy resource in many rural areas is sufficient for attractive application of wind pumps, and as fuel is insufficient, the wind pumps will be spread on a rather large-scale in the near future. Wind is a form of renewable energy, which is always in a non-steady state due to the wide temporal and spatial variations of wind velocity. The need for the provision of new data stations in order to enable a complete and reliable assessment of the overall wind power potential of the country is to be identified and specific locations suggested. This article presents the background and ideas of the development of the concept as well as the main results and experience gained during ongoing projects up to now. In the world, various designs of wind machines for water pumping have been developed and some designs are presently manufactured commercially. Results suggest that wind power would be more profitably used for local and small-scale applications especially for remote rural areas. It is concluded that many parts of the world is enjoyed with abundant wind and solar energy resources.

Renewable energy resources especially wind and solar energy are emerging as the modern power sources to electrify remote areas. The main reason behind their emergence is due to their environment-friendly behavior, unlimited availability and short period for replenishment over nonrenewable energy resources. Renewable energy resources are much better than nonrenewable energy resources, but the intermittency in renewable energy resources degrades the system performance. In order to overcome the intermittency, multiple hybrid system techniques were proposed in literature that can achieve suitable results but have disadvantages of complicated control structures and high implementation cost. Considering aforementioned shortcomings, a simple balancing approach is proposed to intermix solar and wind energy together so as to utilize the available energy from both sources at a given time. It is very common that solar farms are the dominating source of energy in daytime and summer, while wind farms are the dominating source of energy at night and in winter. The proposed approach delivers maximum possible power to the load by combining dominating and non-dominating resources all the time, hence mitigating the intermittency of individual resources. Compared with other approaches, the proposed approach offers key benefits with redundancy, simple design and low cost, which can be analyzed from simulation results.

Development of renewable energy systems can certainly contribute to climate change mitigation. In many regions initiatives can be noticed to succeed in increasing the efficient usage of renewable energy resources such as hydro power, solar and wind energy as well as bioenergy. From these resources the bioenergy and the hydro power by their storage possibilities have the potential to counterbalance the temporal variability of solar and wind energy. Anyway, by applying such renewable energy resources it is possible to meet sustainable future national energy-related advisory goals and mitigate CO2 emissions as foremost objective of energy sector strategies on European level. The innovative thinking way of humanity has always been driving the field of shaping more efficient energy supply systems with less negative environmental impacts. The impacts of conventional energy supply systems, especially based on fossil fuels, have been long-perceivable especially on the environment. In the meanwhile, it has become clear that the usage of fossil fuels for operating energy supply systems does not represent a long-term solution. Renewable energy resources, like water, wind and solar energy, must be more used in the future by considering their sustainable usage odds being needed a holistic analysis and assessment by applying methods and instruments of Technology Assessment. In this paper proposal a case study in a region of Republic of Moldova will be presented, where the design of a wind energy-based energy supply system is planned for mitigating climate change. After debating the relevance of technical aspects besides environmental related criteria regarding shaping odds of a wind farm in concrete Moldavian conditions, corresponding environmental aspects will be debated as well as future usage odds of wind energy on a regional level.

With the emergence of favorable policies and effective financing schemes to allow for large penetrations of variable renewable energy resources tied into the electricity grid, there are increasing RD in turn, as variable renewable energy (VRE) resource penetrations increase, their impact on grid reliability, stability, and energy quality also increase. A key challenge for utility and system operators is the ability to forecast this variability over time periods of a few minutes to several days in the future. R&D programs on weather-driven energy resource variability and the ability to forecast this variability have been undertaken in the U.S. and elsewhere. These programs include special field measurement campaigns, data processing techniques, and modeling schemes devised to quantify and forecast the characteristics of this variability in the electricity grid. After introducing the challenge of high penetrations of VRE in a transmission or distribution system, this chapter highlights some key studies underway or completed, with special emphasis on characterizing and predicting solar system output variability associated with rapid cloud passages or changing weather patterns. Some of these studies have been undertaken as a significant international collaboration established under the International Energy Agency’s (IEA’s) Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Implementing Agreement’s Task 36 “Solar Resource Knowledge Management,” and a new Task 46 currently underway titled “Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting.”

This research provides an overview of Iraq's renewable energy prospects. One of the most important sorts of renewable energy resources in the world is wind energy. Wind energy is considered environmentally beneficial and very economical. These benefits are cited as the primary reasons for using wind turbines to generate power across the world. An assessment of the country's profile has been made, taking into consideration existing energy generation, crude oil production at current levels, gas flares that generate CO2 emissions, as well as industry, human activities, and grid electricity distribution. Iraq has power shortages, and several obstacles must be solved in order to satisfy projected increases in electrical demand. This analysis discovered that solar, wind, and biomass energy are now underutilized, but that they might play a key part in Iraq's sustainable energy future. Wind energy, for example, has become an important aspect in reducing pollution and improving air quality. The usage of tiny wind turbines to generate power under Iraqi meteorological conditions is examined in this study. The research evaluates the wind system that is necessary to provide electric power for highway services including lighting and parking. According to the study's findings, wind turbines can be used effectively for roadway illumination. The efficiency of a maximum wind turbine is determined by the blade design. For the planned use, the wind speed reported in Iraqi winter is pretty acceptable. Alternative and sustainable energy, wind energy, Iraqi climate are all index terms. The Iraqi government recently joined the Paris Climate Agreement and is now starting to encourage the participation of small and large consumers to generate electricity from renewable energy sources. This article analyzes the hybrid electrical system of solar and wind energy for the city of Dohuk, the northern part of Iraq, to find out the feasibility of this system compared to the local electrical network. First, access to solar and wind energy resources in Dohuk were ensured.

Global reanalysis products are indispensable for reconstructing historical meteorological conditions and are crucial particularly for estimation of solar and wind energy resources. Although previous studies have evaluated reanalysis performance for individual resources or regional biases, systematic assessments of their capacity to simultaneously simulate solar and wind energy as well as their complementarity remain limited. This study evaluates the performance of ERA5, MERRA-2, and JRA-55 in estimating solar and wind energy resources across China during 1980–2022, with the help of ground-based observations as a reference. Results show that ERA5 displays superior overall performance in reproducing spatiotemporal patterns of solar and wind energy. Reanalysis products generally reproduce interannual variations and declining trends in solar energy, none fully capture the observed “decline-then-recovery” pattern in wind energy. ERA5 also demonstrates a strong spatial consistency with observations in representing solar-wind complementarity at daily to monthly scales. At the annual scale, ERA5 performs best in representing solar-wind complementarity in southern China, while MERRA-2 overperforms in northern China. This study calls for caution in interpreting solar–wind complementarity in existing studies that rely solely on reanalysis products and provides guidance for their applications in supporting solar and wind energy planning and management.

Energy has become an important sector in the ‘Omani Vision 2020’ strategy. Renewable energy sources can form a vital and strategic solution for the provision of electric power in the Sultanate. This paper provides a comprehensive review of Oman's conventional and renewable energy resources (wind and solar). Although Oman is not currently utilising its renewable energy resources, this study reveals that renewable energy resources, such as wind and solar energy, have enough potential to be directly utilised for electricity generation.

Exploring solar and wind energy resources in North Korea with COMS MI geostationary satellite data coupled with numerical weather prediction reanalysis variables

This study combines convolutional neural network (CNN) recognition technology, Greenwich engineering software, and statistical yearbook methods to evaluate rural solar, wind, and biomass energy resources in pilot cities in China, respectively. The CNN method enables the rapid identification of the available roof area, and Greenwich software provides wind resource simulation with local terrain adaptability. The results show that the capacity of photovoltaic power generation reaches approximately 15.63 GW, the potential of wind power is 458.3 MW, and the equivalent of agricultural waste is 433,900 tons of standard coal. The city is rich in wind, solar, and biomass resources. By optimizing the hybrid power generation system through genetic algorithms, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, and coal power are combined to balance the annual electricity demand in rural areas. The energy trends under different demand growth rates were predicted through the LEAP model, revealing that in the clean coal scenario of carbon capture (WSBC-CCS), clean coal power and renewable energy will dominate by 2030. Carbon dioxide emissions will peak in 2024 and return to the 2020 level between 2028 and 2029. Under the scenario of pure renewable energy (H_WSB), SO2/NOx will be reduced by 23–25%, and carbon dioxide emissions will approach zero. This study evaluates the renewable energy potential, power system capacity optimization, and carbon emission characteristics of pilot cities at a macro scale. Future work should further analyze the impact mechanisms of data sensitivity on these assessment results.

Integrated modelling of variable renewable energy-based power supply in Europe

Energy-related concerns about traditional resources include the depletion of fossil fuel, a dramatic increase in oil prices, the global warming effect caused by pollutant emissions from conventional energy resources, and the increase in the energy demand. These concerns have resulted in the recent remarkable growth of renewable energy industries [1-3]. Furthermore, renewable energy has become a significantly important research area for many researchers as well as for governments of many countries as they attempt to ensure the safety, long-term capability, and sustainability of the use of global alternative energy resources [2]. Renewable energy resources include solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, ocean, and hydroelectric energy. [4] In particular, both solar (i.e. photovoltaics) and wind energy are considered to be leading technologies with respect to electrical power generation. The study of photovoltaics (PV) has been carried out since the 1980s’ and is currently the most significant renewable energy resources available. According to the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), there has been a strong growth in the use of PV of 55 % and the worldwide solar PV electric capacity is expected to increase from 1,000 MW in 2000 to 140,000 MW by 2030 [5]. Moreover, it is forecast by the European Renewable Energy Council that this renewable electric energy could become sufficient to cover the base load and half of the global electricity energy demand by 2040 [6]. Generally in the PV industry, crystalline silicon has generally occupied about 95 % of the market share of materials, while only 5 % of all solar cells use amorphous silicon [7]. However, in order to improve the cost efficiency of solar cells by using less material, the thin-film PV module with amorphous silicon has become an active research and development (R&D) area [8]. In particular, solar cells that use amorphous silicon have the advantage of being able to generate a higher energy output under high temperatures than crystalline silicon solar cells, which are less affected by the temperature increase with respect to performance of electricity output than are the crystalline silicon solar cells. Moreover, installed at the rooftop and on the exterior wall of the building, a thin-film solar cell can be conveniently used as a facade that generates power for the entire building. This system is known as a building integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV). The thin-film solar cell can also provide the advantage of heat insulation and shading when incorporated into a harmonious building design. Therefore, the thin-film solar cell is expected to be a very bright prospect as a new engine for economical growth in the near future. Currently in Korea, many researchers are conducting

Effect of wind and solar energy production, and economic development on the environmental quality: Is this the solution to climate change?

Grid aided combined heat and power generation system for rural village in north China plain using improved PSO algorithm

SummaryDeep decarbonization of the US power system would require rapid deployment of variable renewable energy (VRE) resources, which are projected to provide a substantial share of electricity generation at the time of net-zero emissions. However, the exact share of generation met by VRE and the roles of other technologies in supplying key electricity services—energy and firm capacity—remain uncertain. This study employs a detailed model of the US power sector to decompose the provision and value of electricity services, including negative emissions, by technology across a range of deep decarbonization scenarios. Results indicate that while technology deployment and the share of services provided by each technology vary significantly depending on future technological and market conditions, the value composition and future roles of individual technologies remain consistent. These findings offer guidance for research and development priorities and provide insights to inform electricity policy and planning.