Poetic Incorporation

Rhetoric and Rhetorical Devices

The article explores the use of imperative repetition in Shakespeare’s tragedies as a rhetorical and dramatic device that intensifies emotional, thematic, and character-driven elements. By examining instances where characters repeat commands or exhortations, the study highlights how this technique conveys urgency, desperation, and authority, often during moments of heightened tension. Repetition of imperatives also reveals inner conflict, obsession, or loss of control, amplifying the psychological depth of characters like Hamlet and Othello. Furthermore, this device creates rhythmic emphasis, enhancing the dramatic and poetic resonance of the plays. Imperative repetition emerges as a critical tool for Shakespeare to underline themes such as power, fate, madness, and human frailty, offering insights into the interplay between language and the tragic form.

The genre, self-help books, has always attracted the attention of the public reader through its unique persuasive language and its creatively employed Rhetoric. Over the past four decades, self- help books industry greatly flourished and became the world's bestselling genre in a limited time. People are always searching for quick and efficient solutions for most of their life problems. Self-help books promise to provide solutions for probably most of our life problems—worry problems, relationship problems, failures in carriers, curing bad personal traits and even fail at love (Dolby, 2005, p.4). This study embarks on how some specific persuasive rhetorical devices when creatively employed in the self-help text type can generate an outstanding persuasive effect. Self-help text-type is loaded with a bundle of creatively employed rhetorical devices that largely participated in making the self-help book genre a lifetime bestseller. Hence, drawing on Cockcroft and Cockcroft’s (2005) taxonomy for schematic and syntactic rhetorical devices, and Mulholland’s (2005) taxonomy for rhetorical persuasive tactics, the current study investigates the common linguistic features in Dale Carnegie's bestselling self-help book How to win friends and influence people (2010), represented in both schematic and syntactic rhetorical devices. This investigation aims to show how the employed rhetorical devices succeeded in generating an outstanding persuasive effect through addressing the readers’ logical, ethical, and emotional appeal—i.e. the Aristotelian persuasion modes: Logos, Ethos, and Pathos. The analysis of this study yields some significant findings, most important of which are the excessive implementation of some persuasive tactics like ‘Repetition’, ‘Questioning’ and ‘Rhetorical questions’, and ‘Antithesis’, and the merging of various rhetorical devices. In addition, the study reveals the creative narrative format of ‘Storytelling’ and provides novel academic naming for the specific types of ‘Rhetorical questions’, ‘Exemplification’ and ‘Storytelling’ employed in self-help text-type.

Passers-by prefer video and images as content types on public displays. Despite of this preference, text has its added value for transmitting messages via public displays. In this paper, a comparative study is described that aims to uncover the quantifiable effect of using rhetorical devices in text on public displays with respect to attractiveness, which can be subdivided into attention, readability and understandability. Research shows that in general - hence not specifically for public displays - rhetorical devices increase the attractiveness of a text. This paper describes a case study that involved texts on a large public display on a square in a city center, which showed three variations of the same message: an anaphora (repetition of words at the beginning of successive sentences), a parallelism (the use of an identical structure in successive sentences) and a regular text without rhetorical devices. Although the rhetorical devices show higher percentages of viewers for the public display, the difference in attention is not significant. However, results indicate significant increase in readability on the public display for the anaphora in comparison with the regular text.

Background Common definitions of rhetoric in games such as Bogost’s ‘procedural rhetoric’ have their basis in the Aristotelian definition of rhetoric, which concerns itself with discovering all means of persuasion in language. Purpose Gaming rhetoric has more to do with inducing action in players, and therefore falls more in line with Kenneth Burke’s definition of rhetoric. Grinding is a gaming mechanic that can be analysed using rhetorical devices if Burke’s definition of rhetoric is held at the core of this understanding. This article posits that games that employ a particular game mechanic, that of ‘grinding’, are relying on a specific rhetorical device in their design known as ploke, which then persuades the player to continue to do an action multiple times over, and therefore persuade players to form attitudes that align with the designer’s rhetorical goals. Analysis An analysis of ploke was applied to three specific games: Runescape (2001), Ha des (2018) and Animal Crossing: New Horizons (2020). These games were chosen based on the ability to look at multiple genres as well as multiple different points in modern game development history. Ploke provided the ability to understand the method in which grinding communicates with players, enticing and incentivizing them to continue to complete actions repeatedly, whether for story progression or skill enhancement. The rhetorical power of ploke is found in its repetition, and since ploke describes the use of repetition in rhetorical contexts, thus grinding’s rhetorical power can be explained through this rhetorical phenomenon. Conclusion Ploke is just one rhetorical device, and grinding is just one game mechanic. There are several other game mechanics that can be analysed through rhetorical devices. This analysis allows researchers in interdisciplinary fields of games and linguistics, communication or humanities to explore how games communicate and influence player decisions.

Based on Connor’s (1996) Contrastive Theory of Rhetoric, this study investigated the degree of the rhetorical appeals and their rhetorical devices in the English as a Native Language (ENL) and English as a Second Language (ESL) research abstract (RAs) from indexed journals. A mapping and selection table of rhetorical devices was introduced based on Aristotelian three elements in rhetoric to produce an effective discourse: i) three rhetorical appeals, ii) topoi, and iii) arrangement of text (Aristotle & Kennedy, 1991). The rhetorical model is also integrated with LIWC2015 psycholinguistic dimensions (Pennebaker, et al., 2015) and Compositionality Model (Bulté & Housen, 2018). The first Aristotelian element refers to three rhetorical appeals to logos, ethos, and pathos which were measured by three LIWC2015 summary variables of analytical thinking, clout and emotional tone respectively. Three rhetorical devices were identified at lexical-phrasal, sentential, and textual level for each rhetorical appeal which fulfilled the other two Aristotelian elements. In total, three summary domains with nine rhetorical devices were analysed in 480 RAs with LIWC2015 software and Readable.com online application. It was found that there are significant correlations among three rhetorical devices identified for each rhetorical appeal to logos, ethos, and pathos. Contrastive analysis revealed that ESL RAs were more rhetorically appealing to logos and pathos than ENL RAs. However, both groups of RAs did not show any significant difference in terms of their appeal to ethos. Finally, research implications and future research directions are also discussed.

Rhetorical devices, if combined with correctly developed rhetorical strategies, contribute to effective contact with the listeners and prove to be powerful means of immediate impact upon the audience. Figures of speech are among the most significant rhetorical devices, which intensify the expressiveness and emotional impact of a political speech. The term “Silk Road” possessing a long-lasting historical past, has currently acquired metaphorical properties and is often used as a rhetorical device by politicians in different countries and in various circumstance. When public speeches are translated, both the language and socio-cultural context should be carefully examined to maintain the persuasive impact of the original message on the target audience. Hence, a well-done pre-translation discourse analysis of the ST (the text of the uttered speech) will let the translator go deeper into the content-conceptual information and the techniques it is specified by, to identify the verbal and non-verbal elements, which capture the receptor’s attention, leading it simultaneously in the direction intended by the speaker. The article focuses on trilingual (Armenian, English, Russian) analysis of the “Silk Road” rhetorical device in RA Prime Minister’s speech, to specify its function through the socio-cultural situation case study and to identify its translation properties. The narrative, discourse and comparative methods of analyses have been used in the course of research.

This short communication explores the creation of a new suburb as a crucial strategy in the revitalisation of Port Adelaide, Australia. It contends that the existing suburb names of the area are so stigmatised by the landscape's industrial heritage that the development consortium has elected to create a new suburb rather than embark upon a futile campaign to renegotiate the meaning of these names. Drawing upon discourse analysis and critical landscape theory we contend that place names are rhetorical devices and as such are laden with meaning. As rhetorical devices, place names are neither natural nor neutral. Rather they are instruments of meaning and the ability to control them is directly related to power. This short communication is part of a wider research project on Port Adelaide. It seeks to generate debate amongst landscape academics and practitioners on the politics of landscape revitalisation from an Australian perspective.

Psalms of lament characteristically include affirmations of trust and sometimes a vow to praise God in the future. This article questions the motivation behind such vows by looking carefully at whether future praise is conditional on God's positive response and what other rhetorical devices are linked to the promise God makes. Attention is given to the nature of praise and lament psalms (considering the power dynamic) and foundational principles of Persuasion Theory. Five biblical psalms of lament are considered, with particular attention to their use of a vow and other persuasive tactics to encourage God to intervene. Although a vow of future praise (and other persuasive tactics) may be used, the psalmist's most critical means of persuasion (as apparent in Ps 88) is the character of the psalmist's covenant-partner. Keywords: Psalms Of Lament, Vows, Persuasion, Rhetorical Devices

BackgroundThe tobacco industry routinely opposes tobacco control policies, often using a standard repertoire of arguments. Following proposals to introduce standardised packaging in New Zealand (NZ), British American Tobacco New Zealand...

The current study aims at exploring the socio-political ideologies in the speech of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the perspective of war situation between Gaza and Israel. The study’s objectives are to highlight the socio-political ideologies of Israeli Prime Minister (henceforth PM). The findings show that the speaker has used different linguistic forms such as noun, pronouns, verb, adverbs and adjectives; rhetorical devices such as number game and hyperbole to construct the discursive strategies such as actor description, authority, burden, national self-glorification, victimization and lexicalization. PM used these linguistic forms, rhetorical devices, and discursive strategies to propagate his ideologies to represent in-group positively and out-group negatively. PM Benjamin Netanyahu made frequent use of actor description, number game, burden and authority and he also showed in-group positively to show his country position. He targeted the peace, terrorism, war negotiation & agreement and global & diplomatic position on war situation.

86 EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FICTION 5:1 than a mainline Whig, Anne Cline Kelly's book on Swift and language, several treatments of Scriblerian anxiety over the proliferation of print, Hermann Real and Heinz Vienken's reconstruction of the extent of Swift's reading—all of those would have assisted Eilon's argument. Nevertheless, Eilon is a sensitive and highly intelligent expositor of Swift. His final chapter especially, though not really contained by the book's nominal theme, gets to grips with Swift's satirical excesses—the rhetorical devices that appear to break the rules Swift himself sets. The features of Swift's satiric personality discussed here are difficult to pin down, but Eilon succeeds admirably in doing so. Brean S. Hammond University College, Aberystwyth James M. McGlathery. Fairy Tale Romance: The Grimms, Basile, and Perrault. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1991. xii + 226pp. US$29.95. ISBN 0-252-01741-2. Though a somewhat generous notion of the scope of the eighteenth century might include the authors that James McGlathery identifies in his subtitle, the fact remains that their works were published at either extreme ofthat century: Basile's Pentamerone, from 1634— 36; Perrault's Contes, in 1697; and the Brothers Grimm's Kinder und Hausmärchen in 1812. How, then, can McGlathery's comparative study of these three collections of literary fairy tales be appropriated by those whose particular interest is in the fiction written in, rather than at the extreme outer limits of, the eighteenth century? Jack Zipes (in Fairy Tales and the Art ofSubversion, pp. 14, 15) observes that there was a veritable boom in the writing of fairy tales during the eighteenth century—a boom which "culminated in Charles-Joseph de Mayer's remarkable collection, in fortyone volumes no less, of the major literary fairy tales published in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries" (Le Cabinet des fées, 1785-89). Enthusiasm for this genre was most evident in France, no doubt, but writers in other countries were by no means immune to its appeal. Consider Samuel Johnson's "The Fountains: A Fairy Tale," or Tom Thumb's Folio—one of a number of fairy tales and fairy tale collections published by the Newberrys. McGlathery, however, concentrates on the French contributions to the literary fairy tale during this century, especially the versions of "Beauty and the Beast" written by Mme Gabrielle-Suzanne de Villeneuve (1740) and by Mme Leprince de Beaumont (1756). His objective is to "identify and characterize a genre that may be called fairy-tale romance" (p. 1 88)—or in other words, a genre within a genre, fairy-tale romance as constitutive of at least some literary fairy tales. McGlathery readily acknowledges the irony involved in his title and his project, since "in marked contrast to romantic stories as we usually think of them, fairy tales do not dwell on, or even indicate, the character's feelings and emotions. ... When the princess meets her charming prince, in the stereotypical fairytale situation, there is almost never much romantic about it in the way of lovers' talk or description of their reactions. The characters typically appear almost not to feel, only to act" (p. 4). True enough, for the fairy tales of Basile, Perrault, and the Brothers Grimm that McGlathery considers; less true, however, for the versions of "Beauty and the Beast," which, after all, retell an old woman's story intended "to put away the sorrow and revive REVIEWS 87 the spirits of a lady whose principal misfortunes resulted from the dalliance of love"— for that, indeed, is the occasion for the story of "Psyche and Eros," in The Golden Ass of Apuleius. And, if you have seen the recent Disney film version, or better yet Cocteau's, you may wonder whether "the dalliance of love," or erotic desire and its effects, is not precisely what this fairy tale is all about. Given the considerable interest these days in erotic desire in eighteenth-century fiction, McGlathery's study could thus be used quite advantageously to frame—thematically as well as temporally—an approach to this component of the fairy tales written during this century. On the other hand, such an investigation would also...

In this concise and engaging work, Patricia Cormack investigates the broad cultural significance and relevance of academic sociology by examining its on-going relationship with modernity and mass culture. She bids us, rather than deny sociology's participation in culture, to see the discipline as informing ethical, epistemological and pedagogical questions. Through an examination of the writings of Emile Durkheim, C. Wright Mills and Jean Baudrillard, Cormack illustrates how their formulations of sociology as a cultural practice is rooted in the very mass culture that it studies. Central to the argument is a discussion of conceptual and rhetorical devices - .totems. and .tropes. - within social theory. In agreement with the three theorist subjects, Cormack posits that the social is a discursive artifact, becoming over time a .social fact., explaining and sustaining ordinary life. Durkheim treats the 19th century birth of sociology (in which he played a large part), as an intrinsic aspect of modern cultural consciousness. Mills advances this view further, treating the .Sociological Imagination. as part of and informing, mass culture. Baudrillard treats sociological reason as now equivalent to and inextricable from commonsense understandings of the culture it seeks to understand - rendering the sociological project essentially mute. Of value to social scientists, and theorists in particular, this is a specialized volume - a sociology of sociology - written at senior undergraduate or graduate level. It is intended as textually oriented ethnography, and thus presents a theoretical rather than empirical investigation of the relationship between sociology and culture.

The current discussion within the framework of applied epistemology and interdisciplinary field opens up the possibilities for a linguistic approach. The paper presents the instance of linguistic analysis of technical scientific discourse. The empirical data includes the texts from mining and mineral processing sphere. The analysis focuses on the rhetorical devices, the manifestation of subjective, authorial identity and the interaction between the author/subject and the prospective addressee. The credibility of the obtained results is established through the comparison of English and Russian linguistic and cultural traditions. The revealed rhetorical patterns, namely the authorial self-identification, the communicative distance and building a dialogue with the audience, contribute to the understanding of cognitive characteristics of researchers and their culturally determined specificity. English researchers in the field of technoscience are more likely to find a balance between the objective presentation of data and the authorial reference. The rhetorical devices used by English technoscientists aim to enhance communicative efficiency and outline the boundaries of the researcher’s responsibility. Russian technoscience demonstrates an impersonal manner and the lack of personal involvement in the scientific narration.

This volume describes how Judges' rhetorical devices (e.g., narrative analogy, entrapment, foreshadowing) inspire its readers to support a divinely appointed Judahite king who endorses the deuteronomic agenda, and illustrates a new method for understanding how plot-layered stories work.