POTENSI DAN REALISASI DANA ZAKAT INDONESIA

Quantitative and qualitative research explore various social phenomena using different methods. However, there has been a tendency to treat quantitative studies using complicated statistical techniques as more scientific and superior, whereas relatively few qualitative studies have been conducted in the medical and healthcare fields. This review aimed to provide a proper understanding of qualitative research. This review examined the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research to help researchers select the appropriate qualitative research methodology. Qualitative research is applicable in following cases: (1) when an exploratory approach is required on a topic that is not well known, (2) when something cannot be explained fully with quantitative research, (3) when it is necessary to newly present a specific view on a research topic that is difficult to explain with existing views, (4) when it is inappropriate to present the rationale or theoretical proposition for designing hypotheses, as in quantitative research, and (5) when conducting research that requires detailed descriptive writing with literary expressions. Qualitative research is conducted in the following order: (1) selection of a research topic and question, (2) selection of a theoretical framework and methods, (3) literature analysis, (4) selection of the research participants and data collection methods, (5) data analysis and description of findings, and (6) research validation. This review can contribute to the more active use of qualitative research in healthcare, and the findings are expected to instill a proper understanding of qualitative research in researchers who review qualitative research reports and papers.

This research discusses Marketing Mix (7p) at Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang. Determination of location based on potential to develop a tourist attraction that allegedly unpopular to many people because of weak marketing, also there is no research on marketing in this destination. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of marketing mix in Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang according the perception of tourists. This study is using quantitative descriptive approach. The quantitative approach is used to describe statistics analysis. The data collection method used in this research is primary data and secondary data. The number of samples was determined using Slovin theory, and 100 samples were obtained by sample determination using quota sampling. Questioner result is measured by using nominal scale, interval scale and likert scale. The tools used to process data and obtaining the result of calculation is Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The result of this research is indicate that the implementation of the marketing mix at Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang has been done well, but there are still certain things that must be improved so that tourists increase. The conclusion of this research is the characteristics of tourist and the success of the marketing mix in Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang are obtained with an average value of 3.50, also the most influential and the weakest marketing mix element is discovered.

This study focuses on analyzing two key aspects: zakat collection strategies and the effectiveness of zakat management in Islamic minority regions, particularly in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Employing a descriptive method with a quantitative approach, the analysis of zakat collection strategies utilizes the SWOT technique, while the effectiveness of zakat management is assessed through the ZCP 10-point instrument, specifically targeting Disbursement Management. The findings indicate that the Zakat Collection Unit (UPZ) of BAZNAS in Humbang Hasundutan falls within the "growth and build" category, with weighted scores of IFAS and EFAS being 2.44 and 3.13, respectively. This suggests an adoption of an aggressive growth-oriented strategy. Recommended strategies to enhance zakat collection include market penetration, innovation in culturally-based zakat programs like Batak Danilhan Natolu, universal philanthropy programs, utilization of information technology, and institutional strengthening. The effectiveness of zakat management by UPZ Baznas Humbang Hasundutan increased quantitatively from 73.83% in 2019 (effective) to 97.39%-104.79% in 2020-2022 (highly effective). Qualitatively, zakat management is deemed highly effective in the ZCP Point 10 category

Receptor internalisation is by nature kinetic. Application of a standard equilibrium dose response model to describe the properties of a ligand inducing internalisation, while commonly used, are therefore problematic. Here, we propose two quantitative approaches to address this issue-(a) a model-free method and (b) a kinetic modelling approach-and systematically evaluate the performance of these methods against traditional equilibrium methods to characterise the internalisation profiles of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists. Kinetic internalisation assays were conducted using a concentration series of six CB1 receptor ligands. Internalisation rate analysis and snapshot equilibrium analysis were performed. A model-free method was developed based on the mean residence time of internalisation. A kinetic internalisation model was developed under the quasi-steady state assumption. Rates of receptor internalisation depended on both agonist and concentration. Agonist potencies from snapshot equilibrium analysis increased with stimulation time, and there was no single time point at which internalisation profiles could infer agonist properties in a comparative manner. The model-free method yielded a time-invariant measure of potency/efficacy for internalisation. The kinetic model adequately described the internalisation of CB1 receptors over time and provided robust estimates of both potency and efficacy. Applying equilibrium analysis to a non-equilibrium pathway cannot provide a reliable estimate of agonist potency. Both the model-free and kinetic modelling approaches characterised the internalisation profiles of CB1 receptor agonists. The kinetic model provides additional advantages as a method to capture changes in receptor number during other functional assays.

The type of research used in this study is explanation research with a quantitative approach. Samples were obtained by random sampling. Data collection techniques use questionnaire, data types are primary data and secondary data. The primary data was then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis as an analytical tool using the SPSS 24.0 application. The results of this study are tax awareness has a significant effect on taxpayer compliance, while fines sanctions do not have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance, and the tax authorities' attitude has a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. Where Adjusted R Square of 0.256 shows that 25.6% of tax awareness, fines and attitudes of tax authorities to taxpayer compliance while 74.4% are explained in other factors not examined in this study.

ANALYSIS OF ELDERLY WOMEN’S NEEDS IN SLUM AREA OF MEDAN CITY 1 Asfriyati, 2 Lita Sri Andayani 1 Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara,, 20155, Indonesia, asfriyati@gmail.com 2 Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara,, 20155, Indonesia  Abstract Life expectancy of women is higher compared to men, this affects the number of elderly women more than men. However, if the number of elderly women are not qualified, it will be the burden for development. In order to maximize the role of service to elderly, it is needed to know first the needs of elderly women, in this case, the focus is in the slum region. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach. The population is elderly women in slum area. The study design uses quantitative approach. This research is located in the village of Bagan Deli district of Medan Belawan. Data collections are primary data and secondary data. To analyze problems, the model proposed is Structural Equation Model. Characteristics of elderly women aged 60-74 years at 79.6%, with the most complete primary school education amounted to 93.8%. Based on the Malay, the rate of elderly woman is 61.9%, and the rate of widow is 61.9%. Based on living alone, the rate is 46.0% and the average rate of unemployed elderly women is 68,1%. Majority of elderly women’s income are helped by the families (children / grandchildren) is 69.9% and according to the health status, majority of elderly women suffer from complaints such as arthritis, headaches, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, gout and others are 75.2%. The needs of the elderly woman in the slum area to update the information on the social activities is the most significant, basic needs for elderly women in slum area is the pension which is the most significant indicators of basic needs. The health needs that sense of comfort / tranquility which is the most significant indicator of health needs. The needs of the elderly women's work skills which are the most significant indicator of job requirements and the needs of elderly women for infrastructure and recreation facilities which are an indicator of facilities and infrastructure needs are the most significant. It is hoped that relevant parties can plan to meet the needs of elderly women in slum area to provide services according to the expected demand. Keywords: Elderly Women’s Need, Slum Area  Biography Nasution, Asfriyati Lecturer, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Since joining the University of Sumatera Utara, Asfriyati has been involved related to population . Since 1994 worked as a lecturer of Faculty of Public Health. In 2015 Asfriyati graduate the doctoral program at University of North Sumatera.  Contact Information : Faculty of Public Health, University of Sumatera Utara Medan, Indonesia +628 1397961970 Email : asfriyati@gmail.com  Â

This study aims to determine how the influence of a sukuk instrument issuance on market reactions listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2015. The research method used in this study is quantitative research. Quantitative research contains a relationship between cause and effect. The type of data used is secondary data, data collection used by the author is to know the relationship between two or more variables. The object to be examined in this study is the total value and rating of the issuance of Islamic bonds (sukuk) companies as independent variables and cumulative abnormal return shares of companies that issue Islamic bonds (sukuk) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015. The results of this study indicate the value of sukuk bond issuance and sukuk bond issuance ratings jointly affect stock returns. The value of issuing sukuk bonds partially affects stock returns and the rating of bond issuance has an effect on return.

Anisa Mulyasa Insani, The Effect of Brand Trust and Customer Experience on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty at Samarinda Medika Citra Hospital in Samarinda. Supervised by Mrs Dr. Tetra Hidayati, SE., M.S i and Mrs. Dr. Saida Zainnurossalamia, SE., M.S i. Th e purpose of this study was to find out about T he E ffect of B rand T rust and C ustomer E xperience on C ustomer S atisfaction and C ustomer L oyalty at Samarinda Medika Citra Hospital in Samarinda. This research is a quantitative research . The population in this study is the entire community in the city of Samarinda and have used services at the Samarinda Medika Citra hospital. The sample used in this study amounted to 90 respondents and using accidental sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is path analysis. In this study, the data used are primary and secondary data. The primary data collection method is carried out by a survey method with a questionnaire that distributed directly using Google Form, the primary data processing in this study used SPSS version 20 assistance program. The results of this study indicate that : (1) The relationship of Brand Trust has a positive and significant influence on Customer Satisfaction (2) Customer Experience has a positive and significant influence on Customer Satisfaction (3) Customer Satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on Customer Loyalty (4) Brand Trust has a positive and significant influence significant to Customer Loyalty (5) Customer Experience has a positive and significant influence on Customer Loyalty.

This research aims was to measure and analyze user acceptance of Sistem Informasi Koperasi (Siskop) in Koperasi Karyawan Budi Setia Jakarta, using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This research is quantitative research. Meanwhile, according to the the characteristics of the problem, this research included in exploratory research, descriptive research, and explanatory research. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data, collected using several data collection techniques, such as observation, questionnaires, document review, and literature review. The variables in this research are independent variables; perceived ease of use - PEOU, intervening variables; perceived of usefullness - PU, attitude toward using - ATU, and behavioral intention to use - BIU, and the dependent variable; actual use - AU. Processing and analysis of data in this research was using descriptive statistics analysis and simple linear regression analysis, which done by the support of the Application SPSS version 21 for Windows. The results of this research are as follows 1) perceived ease of use have given positive and significant influence to perceived usefulness and attitude toward using Siskop; 2) perceived usefulness Siskop given positive and significant influence to attitude toward using Siskop, behavioral intention to use, and actual Siskop use; 3) attitude towards using Siskop positive and significant influence to behavioral intention to use Siskop. However 4) behavioral intention to use Siskop did not has a signicant influences to actual Siskop use.

This article explores whether a short one semester course in form-focused instruction helps improve the syntactic accuracy in the written work of second language students of English at the University of Port Elizabeth (UPE). The article describes research which combines quantitative and qualitative methodology. The collection of data and the statistical analysis of its results rely on quantitative methodology, while the rationale for its conception and framework rests on the application of a qualitative interpretation of the relevant literature on second language acquisition and error analysis. The results of the experimental group of advanced L2 English students who underwent a one semester course in form-focused instruction in English are compared to a control group. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol.15(3) 2001: 102-110

Introduction: Given the need to understand which factors influence the implementation of Industry 4.0 within companies. This study relates the subdivisions of the PIMM4.0 model: “Technological Readiness and Preparation for Industry 4.0” of a company in the Thermoplastic segment of the Manaus Industrial Pole in understanding the scenario for the fourth industrial revolution. The research is characterized by an applied nature, quantitative approach, with descriptive objectives and case study procedures, using statistical models correlation and simple linear regression from the JASP software for analysis. The results indicated that maturity levels are not yet at advanced levels, but rather concentrated in levels: Technological and Transition. A correlation of moderate significance was presented between the variables, thus demonstrating evidence that the readiness of employees impacts the causes of the company's preparation towards Industry 4.0, revealing the need for studies on the relationship of people in parallel with innovation challenges. Objective: To analyze how the technological readiness of employees impacts the preparation for Industry 4.0 in a thermoplastic company in the Industrial Pole of Manaus, using the PIMM 4.0 model and statistical analyses. Theoretical Framework: The research is based on Industry 4.0 and technological maturity models, which assess the progress of organizations toward digitalization, with an emphasis on the PIMM 4.0 model as a tool for maturity diagnosis in Brazilian companies. Method: A quantitative and descriptive approach was adopted, with data collection through 18 structured questionnaires applied to 1,056 employees of a thermoplastic company in the Industrial Pole of Manaus. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression in JASP software, focusing on the variables "Preparation for Industry 4.0" and "Technological Readiness”. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that the company is at an early stage of preparation for Industry 4.0, with higher maturity in technological readiness, which significantly impacts the transition, showing a moderate correlation of 37.5%. Research Implications: The research reinforces the need for training and technological modernization in the thermoplastic sector, while highlighting the PIMM 4.0 model as an essential tool for assessing the technological maturity and readiness of companies, with a direct impact on management strategies and industrial policies. Originality/Value: The study is innovative in applying the model in the Industrial Pole of Manaus, establishing a correlation between technological readiness, organizational preparation, and contributing to strategies for technological transition in the industrial sector.

This paper is about a bibliometric analysis on published works which address the issues massive open online course - MOOC, distance education and meaningful learning, based on the literary assumption and examining the proportion that they have been taking. The paper will identify by the Research Profiling methodology a quantitative data approach aimed at dissemination of the issues involved through a quantitative approach, the spread of the issues involved, which will be calculated statistically. Thus, data collections were carried out on the base Web of science where the information obtained was analyzed with the aid of a software. Thereat, it is clear that the issues gained ground over the years and that it is vitally important greater awareness and knowledge of them in view of the demand for new learning options of the present.

Background. The use of mobile devices has brought significant changes to learning in elementary schools, offering quick access to learning resources and increasing interactivity in the learning process. This reflects a paradigm shift in education towards the use of technology as an effective and dynamic learning tool. Purpose. The aim of this research is to fill the existing knowledge gap in the literature by investigating the views of PGSD students and elementary school teachers regarding the use of mobile devices in learning at school base. It is hoped that this research can provide a deeper understanding of the potential of mobile devices in supporting the learning process at the basic level, as well as becoming a basis for developing more effective learning strategies in the future. Method. This research methodology uses a quantitative approach through a survey model involving 30 respondents, consisting of PGSD students and elementary school teachers. Data collection was carried out through distributing online questionnaires using Google Form. Data analysis was carried out using a quantitative data analysis approach, paying attention to the validity of the data through comparison with other relevant data sources. Results. The results of the questionnaire analysis show that the majority of students use mobile devices regularly, indicating widespread adoption of technology in the educational context. However, challenges that need to be overcome include a lack of training and support for educators, as well as school policies that may not fully support the integration of technology in the curriculum. Conclusion. The integration of mobile devices in learning in elementary schools promises many benefits, but also faces challenges that need to be overcome. With adequate support, it is hoped that the use of mobile devices can become an effective and inclusive learning tool for all students, preparing them to face the demands of an increasingly digitally connected world.

Introduction: Libraries are environments with high circulation and close contact among people, impacting human health and, therefore, must maintain good indoor air quality. This article aims to evaluate the environmental conditions of the air in air-conditioned libraries in São Luís (MA). Collections were made in 3 (three) large and easily accessible libraries, quantifying microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and parameters such as temperature (T, °C), relative humidity (RH, %), carbon dioxide (CO2, ppm), and noise [dB(A)]. The data were analyzed and compared with specific legislation, according to the Resolution of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Sampling involved 10 (ten) equidistant points in the libraries, in four periods over 12 months. To quantify microorganisms, the deposition technique was used, where air particles settle on Petri dishes with selective medium for fungi and bacteria. The plates were exposed for 30 minutes and incubated at 27 ºC for 48 to 72 hours. All points were evaluated in triplicate, using Sabouraud Agar, Mueller Hinton Agar, and MacConkey Agar. After collection, colonies were quantified and purified in specific media using the streak plate method. The plates were incubated at 30 ºC for up to 48 hours for identification and association with ambient temperature and humidity. The results confirm the presence of microorganisms in these environments; however, in none of the analyzed points did the quantitative exceed the values allowed by current legislation. The research provides library managers with mitigating measures to preserve the collections and protect the health of occupants. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate air quality, aiming to evaluate indoor air quality concerning microbiological parameters and comfort parameters (temperature, relative humidity, CO2, and noise level) in indoor environments. Theoretical Framework: This section presents the main concepts and theories that underpin the research. The theory of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) described by the World Health Organization (WHO), which associates poor indoor air quality with various health problems, the model of monitoring physical-chemical and microbiological parameters in indoor environments, which includes the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2), humidity, temperature, and noise, and the approach of correlating environmental conditions with the prevalence of microorganisms such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a descriptive observational study with a quantitative approach. The participants were libraries A, B, and C in the municipality of São Luís (MA). The instruments used included Petri dishes with different selective culture media for fungi and bacteria (Sabouraud Agar, Mueller Hinton Agar, and MacConkey Agar). The procedures involved exposing the plates to the indoor air of the libraries for 30 minutes, followed by incubation at 27 ºC for 48 to 72 hours. Data collection was carried out through sampling at ten equidistant points in the libraries in four distinct periods over 12 months. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that the fungal count did not exceed the maximum value established by current legislation of 750 CFU/m³, and the main isolated genera were Candida spp., Aspergillus sp., and Penicillium sp. A significant correlation was observed between relative humidity and the presence of microorganisms. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications for health in library environments and the need for control measures. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of air quality control in libraries. These implications may include adopting preventive measures to keep microorganism levels within the limits allowed by legislation, implementing adequate ventilation systems, continuous monitoring of humidity and temperature, and guiding public policies aimed at occupational health and preservation of bibliographic collections. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by investigating the microbiological quality of air in libraries, using a quantitative and innovative approach that integrates physical-chemical and microbiological parameters. The originality of the research lies in the combination of different collection and analysis methods in a specific and underexplored environment. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its implications for public health and the preservation of bibliographic collections, providing essential data for the implementation of environmental control policies and practices in libraries.

ABSTRACTApplying a feminist approach to research on ending violence against women and girls (VAWG) is critical because gender inequality is an underlying driver of VAWG, and feminist research aims to empower women and girls, as well as challenge prevailing inequalities through the research process itself. However, feminist research approaches have not historically been applied in the international development sector, although statistical evidence on what works to end VAWG is in high demand from governments and donors. In this article, we explore how researchers could practically reconcile an explicitly feminist undertaking, like ending VAWG, when accepted research practices within this field employ methods that are historically not informed by feminist praxis. We argue that quantitative research and feminist research approaches are not mutually exclusive, rather, they can (and do) overlap. Drawing on five decades of combined experience conducting quantitative studies on VAWG in low- and middle-income countries around the world, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for incorporating feminist research principles throughout the research process – from design, community engagement, data collection, analysis, dissemination, and policy influence. We draw on practical examples from research conducted in countries as diverse as Timor-Leste, Kiribati, and Sri Lanka, among others, illustrating that it is not only possible to apply feminist research principles to large-scale, quantitative survey research on VAWG, but that this should become a priority for good development practice.