Preface

Pandemic COVID-19 has hardly impacted global fisheries and aquaculture, as FAO reported in the 34th session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) in February 2021. FAO further suggests that this pandemic impact catalyzes the fisheries sector to be more innovative, socially, and environmentally responsible. Fish and fisheries products are well-known healthy food. It contains high quality and quantity of protein and provides essential vitamins and minerals to maintain human health status. The innovation of science and technology in the fisheries sector is a crucial point to improve and assure the efficiency and sustainability of the production and utilization of the resource. Research activities and development should be synergically conducted to implement technologies that benefit the communities.Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, holds a biennially international symposium to provide access and exchange of research data and fisheries experience to support the transfer of knowledge and technology to strengthen the world’s fisheries sector. The 4th International Symposium on Marine and Fisheries Research (The 4th ISMFR) aims to bring together academic scientists, researchers, government institutions, private parties, and stakeholders to share and exchange progress information, experiences, and research results in all aspects of marine and fisheries sciences. The 4th ISMFR theme was promoting sustainable fisheries through technology and research innovation for a healthy community”. It covered a broad spectrum of fisheries-related topics, including aquaculture, fish disease, fish genetics, biotechnology, marine natural product, seafood processing technology, seafood safety, fisheries biology, fisheries resources management, fisheries socio-economics, oceanography, climate sciences, and marine ecotoxicology. Due to the Pandemic COVID-19, the 4th ISMFR was held virtual on July 28-29, 2021, by using the Zoom Meeting platform. We cannot postpone this symposium because it is a routine schedule for researchers and stakeholders to disseminate and discuss their research findings. The seminar’s organizing committee was located in the Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Management of the symposium was carried out using the website (http://ismfr-ugm.org/).The symposium consists of a plenary session and parallel presentation sessions. The plenary session presented three keynote speakers, namely Professor Rashid Sumaila from The University of British Columbia (Canada), Professor Erlinda R. Cruz Lacierda from The University of the Philippines Visayas (Philippines), and Professor Soottawat Benjakul from The Prince of Songkla University (Thailand). A total of six parallel presentation sessions was conducted with 12 invited speakers and presenters from eight countries, namely Norway, Belgium, New Zealand, Japan, Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Presentations in each parallel class were divided into presentation panels consisting of approximately five presenters. Each presenter was given 10 minutes for presentation and discussion. Discussion sessions were held at the end of each forum for about 15 minutes. A total of 146 scientific papers have been presented at the 4th ISMFR. The 4th ISMFR was attended by 155 participants. All presenters and attendances join the symposium virtually from their respective residences. Readers can access recordings of the 4th ISMFR Plenary session on the YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGtjnoR3hSo&t=7599s).This proceeding provides an opportunity for readers to gain more information from the reviewed papers that have been presented in the 4th ISMFR. The articles published in this proceeding were selected from the papers presented in the symposium. The reviewers from six countries (Philippines, Egypt, Malaysia, Thailand, Japan, Indonesia) and the editors from four countries (Malaysia, Thailand, Japan, Indonesia) have participated in the abstracts screening, improving, and finalizing the manuscripts. The proceedings divided into three sections, namely aquaculture, aquatic resource management, and fish product technology. From this proceeding, readers will find recent research finding on broad aspects of fisheries and marine sciences to come up with new knowledge and idea to promote sustainable fisheries through technology and research innovation for a healthy community.We want to thank all parties for the success of the 4th ISMFR. Our gratitude is presented to the organizing committee, keynote and invited speakers, reviewers, editors, and editing staff for the dedication, hard work, and tireless efforts in implementing the symposium and publication process. We express our acknowledgment to the Rector of Universitas Gadjah Mada, the Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, the Head of Fisheries Department, and the Publication Agency of Universitas Gadjah Mada, who provided continuous support on the symposium. Our thank you also conveyed to the speakers and participants, who have given their best efforts to disseminate, discuss, and publish papers. We also thank all parties who have contributed to the success of the 4th ISMFR and the publication. We sincerely hope readers will find notable pieces of knowledge on fisheries and marine science from different points of view.Chief EditorList of committees of the 4th ISMFR, List of Editors of the 4th ISMFR proceeding, Documentation of the 4th ISMFR are available in this pdf.

PrefaceThe role and significance of fisheries and marine research become more crucial in the future around the world as the ocean covers almost 2/3 of our planet and produces huge resources for human needs. Fisheries and marine resources have crucial roles in providing not only world energy, seafood productions, significance in climate change, marine aquaculture, but also in the world coastal socio-economic dynamics. Fisheries and marine resources serve as main income generating sector for people in coastal area of tropical countries especially in the archipelagic countries such as Indonesia. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia organizes a symposium biannually, International Symposium on Marine and Fisheries Research (ISMFR). This symposium is a forum to be the primary focal assembly to share research outcomes and discussions on the role of fisheries and marine scientists in sustaining ocean ecosystems. This 2nd ISFMR was participated by more than 150 participants with a total of 106 presented papers. The symposium also invited the prominent scientists in fisheries and marine science mainly in the topics of marine sciences, fisheries management, aquaculture and fish processing technology. The symposium theme was “tropical marine and fisheries resources in a changing environment” covered broad topics in fisheries and marine science such as aquaculture, fish diseases, fish genetics, biotechnology, oceanography, seafood processing and safety, fisheries biology, climate science, marine ecotoxicology, fisheries management, marine natural product, and fisheries socio-economics.This proceeding provides an opportunity for readers to engage with refereed papers presented on 24-25 July 2017 of the 2nd ISFMR. The papers published in this proceeding were selected from a total of 106 presented papers. This proceeding is divided into five sections, namely aquaculture, marine science, fisheries management and oceanography, fish processing technologies, and fisheries socio-economics. Therefore, in this proceeding, readers might discover the recent issue and results of research in the broad topics of fisheries and marine sciences.

Bangladesh is considered as one of the most suitable riverine country endowed with the rich inland and marine fisheries resources with enormous aquaculture potential. The suitable geographical location of Bangladesh along with its huge number of aquatic species offer excellent opportunities for the effective utilization and management of fisheries resources. Fisheries sector in Bangladesh represents as one of the most productive and dynamic sectors in the country. The country’s fisheries sector plays a significant role in food security, employment, and foreign exchange earnings in the economy. The sector contributes 3.65% to the national GDP and 23.81% to the total agricultural GDP. Fish and fishery products are the country's second largest export commodity contributing 1.97 percent of its exchange earnings in 2015–2016. From the year 2000 to 2016, aquaculture production increased from 712,640 to 2,060,408 mt, which was much higher than wild capture production of 1.023 million mt in 2016. There has also been a recent increase in the value of fishery exports, with more than US $34.08 billion in 2010 rising to more than US $46.60 billion in 2015. However, fisheries production is well below production targets despite the large gains seen in the aquaculture sector. However, the fisheries sector in the 21st century is facing the challenges of food security for the increasing population, habitat degradation, urbanization, and industrial development. Development of responsible fisheries management and optimal use of water bodies can address those challenges. Since fishery is a productive growth sector in Bangladesh, it has high potential to contribute in the socioeconomic development of the country. In this paper, we also make an attempt to examine the current legal status of Bangladesh fisheries and constraints in the implementation of fisheries laws. It is identified that twelve fisheries regulations are executed for the regulation and management of the fisheries resources in Bangladesh. Among these laws, a few are historically important for the regulating and managing of fisheries. These laws are implemented with some amendments for the development of legal mechanisms for fisheries development of Bangladesh. The implementations of these laws often met limited success due to a number of shortcomings in the legislations. The constraints in the implementation are the lack of clear policy guidelines and strategy; inadequacy of existing regulatory framework, non-enforcement of legislation and jurisdictional conflicts, the absence of regular law review and updating mechanism and formulation of by-laws, rules, orders etc. However, in recent years, Bangladesh Government has taken some initiatives towards the conservation and management of fish stocks (e.g., hilsa fishery), both to optimize total production and ensure fisher’s livelihoods. Furthermore, a comprehensive legal framework is required for sustainable management of fisheries resources in Bangladesh.

Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, a scientific journal of the University of the Azores, has been published since 1980. The first serial of this journal published, until 1985, five regular volumes and the proceedings of an international symposium on geology. With a restricted circulation, the journal published 62 articles dealing with agriculture and animal production, others on biodiversity and ecology from the Azores, and various theoretical essays. The authors were mainly from the University of the Azores and more than 55% of the papers were written in Portuguese. With the second serial (1990–2024), the journal evolved from a local publication into a peer-reviewed international journal focused on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The 31 volumes published contained 302 contributions from 495 authors of 28 different nationalities. About 64% of the studies focused on marine science, covering biodiversity, fisheries biology, deep-sea ecology, and oceanic research, particularly in Azores and Macaronesia. Fish, cephalopods, and cetaceans were among the most studied groups. Terrestrial studies (34%) emphasized biodiversity, biogeography, and conservation, with a strong focus on arthropods and plants in native and human-modified habitats. While 38% of the authors were affiliated with the University of the Azores, many contributions came from international collaborations, strengthening the journal’s global reach. Despite its scientific impact, Arquipelago faces challenges in visibility and competitiveness. To ensure sustainability, a transition to thematic issues and editorial reconstruction would be necessary. This review highlights the legacy of the journal and its future prospects.

The 2nd International Seminar of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University in 2025 Banjarbaru, October 3, 2025 The 2nd International Seminar and the 10th National Seminar 2025 is organized by the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University (FPIK ULM) as part of the International Joint Seminar on Education, Social Science and Applied Science (IJESAS) 2025. Although the seminar is conducted under the IJESAS umbrella, the publication of scientific papers in this proceeding is carried out through ISFMAR (International Seminar on Fisheries and Marine), the official scientific forum of FPIK ULM. In this event, FPIK ULM serves as a co-host, contributing expertise in fisheries and marine sciences and supporting the scientific publication process. This international seminar is part of an annual series organized through a collaboration involving the Institut Nasional Flores (INF), Borneo Riset Edukasi (BREC), Dharma Samakta Edukhatulistiwa (DSE), and Perhimpunan Afirmasi Pendidik Nusantara (PAPENTARA). The joint seminar provides valuable opportunities for researchers to present their scientific work, which is later processed for publication in journals and proceedings indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, Sinta, Index Copernicus, and DOAJ. The seminar is attended by researchers and lecturers from various universities across several countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Hungary, fostering strong international academic engagement. This forum serves as an important supplement to the advancement of research and scientific development in the fields of education, social sciences, and applied sciences. In alignment with its thematic focus, ISFMAR 2025 raises the topic “Accelerating Sustainable Fisheries Transformation in Support of the Blue Economy and Climate Change Adaptation towards Sustainable Development Goals 4.0.” The subtopics encompass Aquatic Ecology and Conservation, Oceanography and Climate Change, Marine and Fisheries Biotechnology, Sustainable Fisheries (from upstream to downstream), and Blue Finance and the Blue Economy in the Fisheries Sector. The seminar aims to disseminate the latest research and promote responsible, balanced approaches to fisheries and marine resource management. As the sector faces escalating challenges, such as climate change, over-exploitation, and environmental degradation, transformative strategies are essential to secure long-term sustainability. The fisheries and marine sector remains crucial for global food security, economic growth, and community livelihoods, aligning strongly with Sustainable Development Goal 14 on sustainable oceans and marine resource conservation. List of Committee Member is available in this PDF.

Because fishes live in less-accessible habitats, their remarkable diversity is rarely appreciated. The fishery sector is growing rapidly worldwide with the intention of improving the livelihood in developing nations. Therefore, conservation and management of aquatic resources become eminent. Morphometric measurements of fishes are important tools in fish biology and fisheries assessment and conservation. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with rich water resources. Although there are plenty of water bodies in the country, they are less explored for their ichthyofaunal documentation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the diversity and some biological aspects of fishes in Lake Maybahr. The fish sample was collected from selected sampling sites using gill nets with varying mesh sizes. Fish identification was done in the field using relevant taxonomic keys. After identification, the total length (TL) and total weight (TW) of the specimens were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.1 g, respectively. After measurement, the samples were labeled and preserved in a 10% formalin solution. Two fish species were documented in the study area. The length-weight relationships indicated that both species (C. carpio and O. niloticus) exhibited allometric growth during the wet season. But C. carpio demonstrated an isometric growth in the dry season. The diversity index (H’ = 0.69) revealed that fish diversity in the current study is far less than the result reported in the other studies. The evenness index (J’ = 0.99) showed that each species is fairly represented by a number of individuals. The correlation coefficient value of length and weight parameters is statistically significant at a 1% significance level (s, R2 = 0.85). The mean FCF revealed that both fish species are in good health. Further study on local people’s perception, initiating fishing activities, and organizing and providing training to youth is recommended.

We are honored to introduce the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Agriculture, Food, Forestry, and Agribusiness (ICAFFA 2024), held in Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from September 5 to 6, 2024. Organized by the Faculty of Agriculture and the Institute for Research and Community Services of Universitas Nusa Cendana, ICAFFA 2024 provided an invaluable platform for academics, researchers, and practitioners to exchange ideas, share cutting-edge research, and discuss practical solutions to the challenges and opportunities facing agriculture, food, forestry, and agribusiness in the era of global disruption. Under the theme “Managing Sustainability in Agriculture, Food, Forestry, and Agribusiness: Challenges and Opportunities in the Era of Disruption,” the conference attracted 165 participants from six countries, representing academia, government, industry, and research institutions. Over two days, the event featured keynote and invited speeches, parallel presentations, and poster sessions, addressing five sub-themes: Sustainable Agriculture; Crop Production and Protection; Food Security and Nutrition; Environmental Management; and Tourism and Agriculture. The hybrid format ensured broad accessibility, with presenters and attendees participating both in person and online. The conference also provided participants with an opportunity to experience the natural beauty of Labuan Bajo through an academic tour of the Komodo National Park, underscoring the connection between conservation and sustainable development. ICAFFA 2024 welcomed participants from a wide array of institutions, including 54 universities, three research centers, and one foundation dedicated to education and environmental advocacy. Participants represented various academic and professional roles, including lecturers, graduate students, government officials, and industry practitioners. Key affiliations included: Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), University of Miyazaki, Japan, Kasetsart University, Thailand, University of Kentucky, USA, SEAMEO-SEARCA, Philippines, and Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. A complete list of participants and affiliations is available in the appendix of this publication. List of Committee is available in this Pdf.

Field experiments were conducted during 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the effects of residual organic fertilizers with supplemental inorganic fertilizers on performance of subsequent maize crop and soil chemical properties at Field 2, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. In the first season, the trial was conducted by using 4 nutrient management treatment (control, 100% poultry manure (PM), 100% NPK and 50% NPK + 50% PM) in 3 cropping system (sole maize, sole soybean and maize + soybean intercropping). The following trial was conducted by using the first experimental plot. After harvest of the crops in the first experiment, the biomass was left and incorporated manually into the soil before planting the subsequent maize crop. The experiment comprised of 14 treatments, 12 based on the first experiment and two additional treatments for comparison (control and 100% NPK). The treatments were laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that all fertilizer treatments increased growth, yield and yield components of the subsequent maize crop. However, incorporation of maize residue alone was ineffective in increasing yield of the subsequent maize crop. The combination of crop residue with residual PM enhanced soil pH, organic matter and nutrient availability in the soil. The combined application of soybean residue + 50% residual PM + 50% phosphorous and potassium (PK) fertilizer and soybean residue + 100% PK gave maize yield same level as 100% NPK. Therefore, it can be recommended that substitution of 50% inorganic fertilizer with residual PM and substitution of N fertilizer in soybean residue is recommended to increase yield of maize and improve soil chemical properties. Keywords: crop residue, NPK fertilizer, poultry manure, residue, yield DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-22-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2019

The 2nd International Conference on Fisheries and Marine (ICFM) was organized by Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science and carried out on July 15, 2021 in the format of virtual conference (online platform, Zoom) due to the situation of Covid-19 and the implementation of worldwide travel restriction.This conference brings together about 150 presenters and 255 general participants consist of researchers, scientist, government’s official, professional from private sectors and NGO’s. They were come from Japan, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Australia, and Indonesia. The conference model was divided into two sessions, including keynote speeches and plenary session (oral presentations). In the first session, we invited six experts to deliver their keynote speeches. Each expert was allocated about thirty minutes to perform their talks through Zoom and after all keynote speech perform followed by discussion about sixty minutes. The keynote speakers were Prof. Dr. Soottawat Benjakul from Thailand, Dr. Hirose Kazuyo from Japan, Prof. Dr. Takaomi Arai from University of Brunei Darussalam, Prof. Dr. Agung Damar Syakti from Indonesia, Dr. Luky Adrianto from Indonesia, and Dr. M. Djanib Achmad from Indonesia. In the second session, the presenters, who performed in oral presentations were given 10 minutes each to briefly present their recent research and 5 minutes discussion via online collaboration tool, Zoom. This session was divided into the five class of meeting rooms based on the field area of their subjects and it was carried out by parallel system.The Proceedings of ICFM 2021 contains 73 papers which were compiled from the excellent papers submitted and presented in the plenary session of the conference. The papers discuss a broad area in fisheries and marine science covering oceanography, marine and fisheries biotechnology, aquaculture, capture fisheries and processing technology, marine and fisheries resources management. We do hope that this proceeding could share bright ideas and give noteworthy contribution in the field of fisheries and marine science for sustainable development.We would like to express our gratitude to everyone involved, especially to all authors for their contribution in preparing the papers. A great appreciation is given to the reviewers for their assistance in reviewing the manuscripts. Special thank also goes to all members of the scientific committee and their supporting staffs for their efforts in completing the proceeding. Without this dedicated cooperation, it would be impossible to hold the conference at such a high level and prepare the ICFM 2021 proceedings.Dr. NajamuddinScientific Committee of ICFM 2021

The purpose of this paper is to review the performance of fisheries sector in Bangladesh and the challenges it is facing. Data and information were sourced from the publication of the Department of Fisheries (DoF) and related non-published grey literature. Bangladesh is predominantly an agrarian economy and is naturally endowed with a huge sweet water resources and the world’s longest continuous sea beach. With the world’s largest flooded wetland, the third largest aquatic biodiversity in Asia behind only to China and India, Bangladesh is considered as one the most suitable region for aquaculture and fisheries in the world. The country has an inland water area of about 45,000 km2 and about 710 km long coastal belt. Given this extensive water resource, it is evident that fisheries play an important role in the economy and the diet of the population. Fish and fish products supply 60 percent of animal protein and around three percents of total export earnings. In recent years, however, the fisheries sector is confronted with challenges posed by numerous natural and anthropogenic causes such as climate change, natural disasters, unbalanced urbanization and industrialization, overfishing and environmental pollution. The combined effect of these factors is posing significant threat to the income and food security of the population and urges for immediate actions by government and policymakers.

Journal Article Book Review Get access Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada, 1988Edited by Margolis L. Kabata Z. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences101. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa Pp. i-v, 1-184 Journal of Crustacean Biology, Volume 8, Issue 4, 1 October 1988, Page 710, https://doi.org/10.1163/193724088X00567 Published: 01 October 1988

ABSTRACTA scientometric analysis was performed for 12 species of Cynoscion from the Western Atlantic to explore the evolution of knowledge and the topics covered between 1945 and 2015. The search was based on the total number of results found in two scientific platforms, ISI Web of Science and SciELO, with emphasis on the documents related to fisheries science. A total of 500 articles were identified, with the most-studied species being Cynoscion nebulosus (213), C. regalis (125), C. guatucupa (87) and C. arenarius (51). Fisheries sciences represent 14% of the literature for Cynoscion, which consists mainly of US and Brazilian documents, accounting for 85.9% of the 69 studies produced by 206 researchers affiliated with 64 institutions. The studies are mainly aimed at fisheries ecology, resource management, stock assessment and fish quality and are mostly (55.3%) based on up to three years of sampling. The considerable presence of artisanal fisheries along the Brazilian coast, the difficulty of monitoring this fishery, and the wide variety of common names that in the absence of taxonomic resolution are inserted in landings data make it impossible to identify which stocks are effectively exploited, limit the use of fish-catch data, and result in fewer fisheries studies.

ABSTRACT
 
 SALVINA. Analysis of Satisfaction against Green Transportation. Supervised by AKBAR RIZKI and INDAHWATI.
 
 One of the stages of the Green Campus 2020 program as an effort of IPB towards World Class University (WCU) is to carry out the Green Transportation (GT) movement. Buses, electric cars, bicycles and electric motorcycle taxis are the GT transportation modes in IPB. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction of GT users and identify attributes that are important and need to be improved so that the GT service system can be improved. This study uses survey data conducted by researchers on undergraduate students who use GT transportation mode in the past week. The sampling method used is random layered sampling with layers in the form of faculties. The analytical methods used are Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), biplot analysis, and simple correspondence analysis. The CSI value obtained is 2.96 (1-4 scale) with a CSI percentage of 74% in other words the user is satisfied with the service he receives. The aspects that need to be improved are aspects of empathy and reliability on electric cars and assurance on bicycles, while other aspects have been considered good. Biplot analysis shows the diversity of satisfaction obtained from aspects (reliability, empathy, tangibles, assurance, and responsiveness) is the same. Simple correspondence analysis shows students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FKH), Faculty of Animal Husbandry (FAPET), Faculty of Forestry (FAHUTAN), and General Competency Education Program (PPKU) often use electric cars. Faculties that often use buses are Faculty of Agriculture (FAPERTA), Faculty of Agricultural Technology (FATETA), Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (FPIK) and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA). The mode of bicycle transportation cannot be characterized in any faculty because at least the respondents use it.
 
 Keywords: biplot, green transportation, IPA-CSI, simple correspondence
 

The fisheries sector is really difficult to produce the catch quantities of small-scale fisheries because of lack of proper monitoring. Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) is an important tool that allows the government to monitor small-scale fishing vessel activities. Implementation of VMS in small-scale fisheries is a powerful solution for unauthorized data. VMS provide economic benefits as most of fishermen are nowadays equipped with smartphones. With the recent technological advancements, the VMS has improved and it allows integrated fisheries management. The present study focused on the role of VMS in small-scale fisheries and how the government is helping small-scale fishermen to implement such technologies through subsidies. The knowledge of small-scale fishermen about the technological advances in fisheries and the role of government in helping them to implement such technologies was analyzed through a questionnaire. This study seeks to explore the challenges faced by fishermen for implementing such technologies, whether they are aware of the government schemes and subsidies and their overall opinion about government services. It is observed that access to new technologies by small-scale fishermen is limited by their financial difficulties. The operating and maintenance cost of the VMS system depends on the functionality requirements of the specific system. The higher the functionality, the more expensive will be the system. Policies and programmes are developed by Fisheries Department and implemented through proper organizations to ensure the access of small-scale fishermen to new technologies. The future of fisheries management will depend on a whole ecosystem of new technologies. Keywords: VMS in small-scale fisheries, IUU fishing, fisheries management, small-scale fishermen, government schemes and policies

<p>According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the fisheries sector is a major contributor to coastal economy, ensuring nutritional security and generating employment opportunities is the central Indian Ocean covering Lakshadweep (India), Maldives and Sri Lanka. Harvesting of fish in this region happens mainly in coastal waters up to 100m depth. The fishing pressure on the stock in these waters has increased? Considerably and the deep-sea fishery has become an area for expansion in developed countries (FAO). However, fisheries in high seas pose scientific and technical challenges. High value fish are strongly influenced by the physical environment such as temperature, currents etc. Being able to predict this environment with high degree of accuracy is an invaluable tool for assisting on this expansion.</p><p>In order to help forecast the physical environment in the Lakshadweep Sea at medium to high resolutions we have developed two pre-operational data assimilating models at 1/20 (called LD20) and 1/60 (LD60) degrees of resolution based on with NEMO v3.6 as an engine. Both models have 50 geopotential computational levels with full steps in the vertical, they use Smagorinsky scheme for horizontal diffusion, bi-Laplacian viscosity for momentum, and k −epsilon turbulence scheme. The models use time-splitting algorithm with the ratio of baroclinic to barotropic time steps equal to 20. The Galperin parametrization is used to preserve the stratification. The models take initial and boundary conditions as well as data for assimilation from a global model at 1/12 degree resolution available from EU Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS). The bathymetry is taken from GEBCO_2021. Meteorological forcing comes from the Met Office global model (NWPn768 and NWPn1280), and the tides are forced using OTIS tidal scheme (https://www.tpxo.net/otis). Both models run within Rose/Cylc software environment (https://metomi.github.io/rose/2019.01.2/html/index.html), a toolkit for orchestrating the running models that automatically executes tasks according to their schedules and dependencies.</p><p>The LD20 and LD60 models use a novel model-to-model data assimilation scheme (Shapiro and Ondina, 2021) by which the observations are assimilated indirectly, via a data assimilating parent model (CMEMS for LD20 and LD20 for LD60). The models have been run for 5 years from 01.01.2015. As expected, the models reveal more granularity of temperature, salinity and currents, particularly in the coastal areas. The model skill was assessed against The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Ice Analysis (OSTIA) system. The results show improvement of the bias and Root-mean-square-error in the higher-resolution models compared to the lower-resolution ones. The model outputs can be helpful in the identification of small-scale ocean fronts which are linked to Potential Fishing Zones (Solanki et al, 2005)</p><p>References</p><p>Shapiro, GI. and Gonzalez-Ondina, JM., 2021. Model-to-model data assimilation method for fine resolution ocean modelling, Ocean Sci. Discuss. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-77, in review.</p><p>Solanki HU, Mankodi PC, Nayak SR, Somvanshi VS. 2005. Evaluation of remote-sensing-based potential fishing zones (PFZs) forecast methodology. Continental Shelf Research. 25, (18):2163–2173</p>