PREPARATIONS WITH SILICON AND CORN YIELD FORMATION

The article presents the results of research on the formation of corn yield for grain depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The goal of the research was to identify the influence of plant density and fertilizer system on the yield of corn hybrids for grain. The research was conducted during 2017-2019 in the research field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Bila Tserkva NAU). Research methods: field, calculation and statistical. Results. Regularities of growth, development and formation of yield by plants are revealed, both in concrete conditions of years of researches, and taking into account average long-term values taking into account features of hybrid-oriented technology. According to the results of the experiment it was recorded that the maximum yields for growing early-maturing maize hybrid DN PIVYHA with FAO 180 in general were obtained at a pre-harvest density of 75 thousand units/ha and the use of combined organo-mineral fertilizer system - 11.09 t/ha; medium-early maize hybrid DN ORLYK, FAO 280 in general in the experiment provided a grain yield of 9.60 t/ha, and in terms of 2017 - 7.86 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.22 t/ha and in 2019 - 9, 72 t/ha, but the medium-ripe hybrid of corn DN SARMAT, FAO 380 provided a grain yield of 10.81 t/ha, and in the context of 2017 - 9.31 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.68 t/ha and in 2019 - 11.44 t/ha. Significant influence on the formation of the yield of corn has a hybrid factor (27 %), fertilizer system determines the level of productivity by 21 % and interacts closely with the conditions of the growing season (factor BV 9 %), growing season conditions also determine the level of productivity of corn plants (19 %), and the pre-harvest density determines this feature by 18 %. Conclusions: In the conditions of the Right Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine there is an increase in the level of productivity of maize hybrids from early to medium-ripe hybrids, regardless of the influence of other experimental factors.

The article presents the results of studies on the formation of yield and grain quality of corn in relation to environmental factors such as plant density and the level of mineral nutrition. A decrease in grain weight per cob was observed with increasing stand density of corn plants, especially with increasing density of 80 to 100 ths.pcs./ha. Transfer of part of nitrogen in top dressing and application of N120P90K60 promoted grain weight growth per cob by 37.0-38.0%, in the same varieties. Higher grain yields were obtained in variants with nitrogen fertilization and fertilization at the rate of N120P90K60, in addition, 1.73-1.74 t/ha of grain or 46.2-46.6% to the control was obtained. In these variants, an increase in grain yield was observed up to an overcrowding of 80 ths.pcs/ha, and when plant density was further increased, productivity decreased by 3.8 and 9.7 %. The highest protein content was observed in crops obtained in variants with nitrogen fertilization. With increasing overcrowding of crops, an increase in the mass percentage of protein and crude fiber was observed, but there was a clear pattern of decrease in crude fat content. The energy supply of the grain did not change depending on the plant density and the level of mineral nutrition.

The article presents the results of studying the effectiveness of options for biologizing the fertilization system and related factors of the impact of options for using post-harvest green manure in the technology of growing grain corn on gray forest and chernozem soils. The effectiveness of the use of cruciferous green manure crops, such as white mustard, oil radish and spring rape, has been investigated. Evaluation of the effectiveness of green manure was carried out both by the species factor and by the method of sowing green manure plants, in particular, the usual row and wide-row methods. The features of the influence of late autumn post-harvest green manure on the formation of agrophysical soil properties, such as the duty cycle in its categories and soil density, taking into account the optimization of the air properties of the soil and the restoration of its structure in the technologies of adaptive cultivation of agricultural crops, have been studied. The role of green manure crops in providing herbicide-free control of the level of weed infestation was assessed both from the standpoint of controlling the number of various types of weeds and from the standpoint of regulating their development and prevalence. The formation of segetal vegetation in crops of corn for grain was investigated in the format of determining the effectiveness of the aftereffect of green manure on the formation of the level of weediness in the late phenological phases of growth and development of corn. The features of the formation of leafy mass of green manure were investigated, taking into account the temperature and moisture regime.Based on this, an assessment was made of the adaptability of various types of green manure crops depending on the limiting factors of moisture and low temperatures in the variant of summer-autumn use. Conclusions are made about the expediency of using this criterion of the studied cruciferous crops. The influence of green manure crops on the formation of corn yield for grain is shown, taking into account different types of soils and their fertility potential, as well as taking into account the method of sowing green manure. Increases in corn yield were determined in comparison with unfertilized control and their level was assessed in relation to a possible effective alternative replacement of existing options for fertilizing corn with grain. Conclusions are made about the most productive green manure option based on cruciferous species, and prospects for further research and problematic aspects of the use of cruciferous green manure plants are outlined.

of researches was determination of the influence of weather conditions and fertilizers on the duration of interphase periods of vegetation, water consumption coefficient and corn yield formation. Methods. Researches were conducted in the protracted stationary trials of Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science of the Uman National University of gardening on podzolized heavy loam chernozem. The supplies of productive moisture in the layer of soil a 0–100 cm determined after DSTU ISO 16586-2005. The study of water consumption a corn was conducted by the method of water balance. The account of harvest was conducted on Methodos of realizations of examination of sorts of plants of group of grain, leguminous, cereal on a fitness to distribution in Ukraine. Results. The duration of the maize growing season depended on the conditions during the years of research. In some years, due to lack of precipitation and high temperatures, the duration of the growing season was reduced to 87–107 days. The use of fertilizers reduced the negative impact of weather conditions, which was manifested in an increase in corn yield by 22-59% depending on the doses and fertilizer systems, and also contributed to a decrease in the coefficient of variation. It was found that in the phase of BBCH 79 between grain yield and reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer 0-100 cm there is a strong relationship (r=0.73); in the phase of BBCH 09 and BBCH 59 it was average (r=0.57-0.69); at the time of full grain ripeness BBCH 89 –weak (r=0.3). Between the yield and the amount of precipitation during the growing season, an average relationship was found – r=0.63. The influence of fertilizer on the water consumption coefficient was revealed, which is manifested in its decrease under the influence of fertilizer. It testifies to more productive use of water plants. Conclusions. In the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, the duration of the growing season of maize varied within 87-124 days and significantly depended on moisture supply. In addition, water consumption by crops was in the range of 1397–2742 m3/ha. Fertilizers contribute to the rational use of water and ensure the formation of more stable yields over the years of research. The revealed patterns of realization of the potential of maize productivity depending on water supply and fertilization are important factors in improving the technology of its cultivation.

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of foliar fertilizing of corn plants with zinc microfertilizer Batr Zinc on the formation of economically valuable traits of hybrids Mashuk 220 MV and Mashuk 355 MV. The experiments were conducted in 2019–2021 in Stavropol krai. The experiment involved the study of the following options: 1—control without foliar application; 2—foliar application of Batr Zinc fertilizer (1.0 L/ha). Foliar fertilization was applied in the phase of seven to eight corn leaves using an OP-2500 sprayer. The yield was accounted by ear manually, followed by threshing on the threshing machine. It has been established that, in the zone of sufficient moisture on ordinary calcareous heavy loamy chernozem, foliar application of the microfertilizer Batr Zinc at a dose of 1.0 L/ha in the phase of eight corn leaves had a positive effect on the growth and yield of the hybrids. In 2019–2021, foliar fertilizer increased the average height of plants of the corn hybrid Mashuk 220 MV by 5–15 cm, and the height of the hybrid Mashuk 355 MV increased by 7–14 cm. The yield of green mass of the hybrid Mashuk 220 MV increased by 5.1–8.7 t/ha; for the hybrid Mashuk 355 MV, this indicator increased by 3.1–5.7 t/ha. The fertilization of corn hybrid Mashuk 220 MV provided an increase in grain yield by 0.54–0.90 t/ha; for the hybrid Mashuk 355 MV, grain yield increased by 0.31–1.17 t/ha.